درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Exploratory studies in understanding the impact of decisions on the sustainability of small and medium businesses during the corona disease crisis in line with the research objectives and based on the non-linear and dynamic conditions caused by the high speed of prevailing environmental changes compared to the development of a dynamic model of the decision making. These businesses, on the one hand, are fragile against crises due to their limited financial ability, and on the other hand, with high flexibility and quick decision-making power, they have the ability to adapt to the existing conditions. In order to create this model, it is necessary to identify the problem, and in order to answer the research questions therefor it is necessary to develop a theory based on the opinions of experts and available data. This theory is due to the special conditions and the lack of previous experience result of the Grounded Theory’s methodology, that it should indicate all the effective factors in the field of decision-making in these businesses in Iran and the causal relationships between them and affected by the existing background conditions and it is an environmental interferes. background factors and identifying the impact of environmental interferes on the decision-making process in SME under the conditions of the Corona crisis. This theory states that the decision-making process for the sustainability of the business should be based on strategies. These strategies include creating opportunities, applying a new attitude in the continuation of business life, changing in business processes, creating organization agility, and re-engineering the structure . Considering the mathematical ability of the dynamic method to analyze the results of the dynamic model as scenarios that are applied to the business in the form of decisions made and by controlling their feedback, its effects on the organization's pillars and resources can be shown as quantities. The measurement of these quantities and the way of changes and their impact enables the quantitative proof of the mentioned theory. By this method the managers will have the ability to evaluate and prospect their decision results in the conditions of the Corona crisis.

Subject and purpose: The intelligent sales management system in Metaverse is the concept of performing sales operations, using smart contracts, machine learning, intelligent process automation and direct monitoring of all network members in Metaverse.The aim of the current research is to provide a model of intelligent sales management system in Metavers. Methodology: In the qualitative research, the statistical population includes experts in the fields of business management and information management, and the sample size was calculated and carried out according to the theoretical saturation point of 14 people using the snowball sampling method. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with experts and analysis. Data were collected using open, central and selective coding method. Findings:The findings obtained in the qualitative research showed 112 codes, 29 concepts and 9 categories, which led to the presentation of an intelligent sales management system model in Metaverse. Conclusion:This research led to the presentation of a new model of intelligent sales management system. Keywords: Intelligent management system, Metaverse, Foundation data.

Tourism is regarded as a complementary activity that contributes to the sustainability of nomads' livelihoods and raises welfare and living standards, as well as the economic growth of nomadic areas, through the capabilities and attractions of the Shahsavan nomads. The present study tries to identify the scenarios of nomadic tourism in Shahsavan, Ardabil province. The research strategy is a case study through a qualitative study using a multi-faceted method and a cross-sectional time horizon. In data collection, in the first step, key experts were used to collect data to extract the factors affecting nomadic tourism development (NTD) and to examine the impact of these variables on each other. The influential factors were divided into 12, seven promoting and five inhibiting factors. The mutual influence matrix was used to determine the effect of variables on one another, and scenarios were created using propulsions extracted from the influencing factors. After collecting the questionnaires, the scenario was conducted using Scenario Wizard software. The scenarios in the current research were divided into three groups: favourable, intermediate, and unfavourable. According to experts, access to favourable scenarios is accompanied by many limitations and obstacles. Its occurrence requires coherent planning, commitment, and participation from all stakeholders, and the occurrence of unfavourable and catastrophic scenarios also looks pretty pessimistic. According to current trends, the vast majority of experts believe that a slight improvement in the current situation is possible in the future of this type of tourism.

Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) shifts the focus of tourism development by centering poverty alleviation within inclusive growth, empowerment, and sustainability, aiming to generate economic opportunities, enhancing skills, and uplifting marginalized communities, particularly in rural and underserved areas. This study evaluates PPT's effectiveness using a mixed-methods approach, combining a literature review with empirical data collected from Ameri neighborhood in Ahwaz city, Iran. Drawing on global PPT frameworks, the research identifies and assesses four key criteria: Economic Benefits, Social/Governance, Social/ Cultural, and Environmental Sustainability. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Technical experts prioritized Economic Benefits as the most critical criterion, emphasizing on Income Generation and Employment Opportunities. This aligns with literature highlighting economic empowerment’s role in poverty alleviation. However, local community responses indicated only moderate alignment with expert priorities, suggesting a potential gap between expert models and community needs. In contrast, local residents prioritized Governance Structures and Stakeholder Engagement, indicating the importance of participatory governance. They also rated Sustainable Resource Use and Eco-Friendly Practices highly, although receiving less emphasis from experts. Notable discrepancies emerged in perceptions regarding Community Well-Being, Social Equity, and Cultural Preservation, with significant variation among local responses, indicating uncertainty or dissatisfaction in these aspects. The findings supports a multidimensional PPT approach that balances economic gains with inclusive governance, cultural values, and environmental stewardship. By aligning expert insights with local realities, this study provides practical guidance for achieving equitable and sustainable tourism development, especially in ecologically and culturally sensitive regions like Ameri.

this study seeks to propose a cultural marketing model based on the cultural characteristics of the tourism destination of Shiraz. The research was conducted using a qualitative research method as well as semi-structured interviews with tourism and marketing specialists. Based on the rational approach of theoretical and judgmental sampling, 16 participants were sampled until theoretical saturation was reached. Based on the findings, the cultural marketing model was divided into 20 sub-themes, such as; valuing the cultural experience, engaging the local community with conservation, the government's role, friendly communication between host and guest, transforming the tourism approach, revitalizing culture, national pitifulness, media, technology, supplying infrastructure and cultural background, destination features, residents and destination management, the destination community's awareness and education, cultural identity, the tourist's influence on the host, the tourist's behavior in the destination, the foreign tourist's influence, the human role, friendly interactions between guests and hosts, cultural products of tourism, the production and representation of cultural products and 4 primary classifications such as; product, destination, communication, along with procedures. There are many effects and consequences associated with tourism development. Tourism development and the management of its diverse cultural impacts and consequences can be enhanced with the use of cultural marketing, taking into consideration the destinations' cultural capacities. The pursuit of cultural marketing with the aim of creating jobs and income for the residents of the destination can contribute to the re-establishment of national and cultural identity, the conservation of cultural heritage, and the protection of its authenticity