مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

economic growth


۱.

The Rule of Banking System Development in Economic Growth : The Case of Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های اقتصادی ایران زمستان ۱۳۸۷ شماره ۳۷

کلیدواژه‌ها: Bank development economic growth causality supply leading hypothesis demand following hypothesis

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۰۴ تعداد دانلود : ۸۸۱
This paper empirically investigates the relationship between banks and economic growth emphasizing the transmission channels from financial development to growth in Iran using time series methodologies، namely Johansen’s co-integration and Granger causality methods in the context of error correction models (ECM). The results show that in our case study banks affect economic growth mainly through the capital accumulation channel. Because of financial backwards and market imperfections، agents face many borrowing constraints، which may hinder their ability to invest at optimal levels. In this situation، the role of banking system in increasing investment through capital accumulation is expected to be strong. In our study، we do not find an evidence for productivity channel، perhaps reflecting inefficiency of the Iranian banking system، which imposes many restrictions on bank choices such as credit rationing and directed finance under financial repression. Our results strongly support the supply-leading hypothesis. The main policy message of the paper is that banking system development matters for investment and economic growth in Iran. Therefore، policies that affect financial system are also likely to influence investment and economic growth.
۲.

Government Size Threshold and Economic Growth in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۲, No. ۱, (۲۰۱۰)

کلیدواژه‌ها: economic growth Government size Threshold regression model

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۹۴ تعداد دانلود : ۶۶۳
We apply the two-sector production function developed by Ram (1986) to estimate the threshold regression model for Iran, concerning the effect of government size on economic growth. Three government size indicators are used to find out the different threshold points. The results show a non-linear relationship of the Armey curve in Iran, in which the threshold effects corresponding to total government expenditure share in GDP, government consumption expenditure share in GDP, and government investment expenditure share in GDP of about 34.7%, 23.6% and 8%, respectively.
۳.

The Nexus between Economic Growth and Intra-Industry Trade(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۹, No. ۱, (۲۰۱۷)

کلیدواژه‌ها: economic growth PVAR Intra Industry Trade New Trade Theories Developing and Developed Countries Panel Vector Autoregressive

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تعداد بازدید : ۸۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۴۹۶
According to traditional trade theories, foreign trade affects economic growth via several channels such as knowledge and technology spillover, improvement of resources allocation, increasing productivity and competitiveness. Within the framework of new trade theories, the effect of foreign trade on economic growth is ambiguous, and this effect depends on the combination of the different effects specially the market structure. Regarding to the theoretical ambiguity and lack of the empirical studies on the topic, the present paper investigates the relationship between intra-industry trade and economic growth by using the Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR) method for selected developed and developing countries. during 2001-2014. The results of the model estimation showed that this relationship is positive for the developed countries, while interestingly we found the negative relationship for the developing countries. Despite the latter result, there are still high potentials for the developing countries to exploit their capability in the new trade to promote their economic growth if the new trade determinants will be considered in their policy making.
۴.

Impact of Economic Transparency on Economic Growth in the Middle East countries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۹, No. ۲, (۲۰۱۷) 115-138

کلیدواژه‌ها: Transparency capital formation labor force economic growth Corruption

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۷۳ تعداد دانلود : ۴۲۵
Economic transparency will lead to economic stability and corruption decline. Thus the shortage of transparency mechanisms, laws and procedures will raise corruption and make it tough to cutout corruption. Also, loss of transparency in financial and economic system creates to instability, inappropriate allocation of resources, the boom of injustice and inequality and as a result paves the way for all sorts of financial and economic corruption and misuse. The greater transparency economic growth, the lower the cost of entry into economics and accordingly with rising economic competitiveness, the condition for development and economic growth will be advanced. So, considering the vital role of transparency in economics, this study first explores transparency and corruption then with the panel data, looks at the relation between economic transparency and economic growth in Middle East countries over the last 13 years (2003-2015). In other words, this paper aims to show how the transparency variable influences economic growth. The specific purpose is to find out whether there is a positive or negative connection between transparency and economic advancement in the countries under investigation. The results of the research show that the relation between transparency and economic growth in the Middle East countries is direct and significant. Also the relation between gross capital formation and labor force participation is direct and significant with the economic growth of these countries.
۵.

Designing Native Decision-Making Model for Selecting Venture Capital Investment in Emerging Companies(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Advances in Mathematical Finance and Application, Volume ۴, Issue ۲, Spring ۲۰۱۹ 75 - 88

کلیدواژه‌ها: Venture Capital economic growth Entrepreneurs risk

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تعداد بازدید : ۶۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۴۸۱
Venture capital companies play an important role in the economy of countries and greatly influences economic and employment growth. VC is the provision of capital for companies and entrepreneurs that is prone to leaping and growing value and, of course, a lot of risk. However, the volume of venture capital in our country is far less than the economic capacity. Many of analysts consider having no model for venture capital in our country as the main reason for this. Therefore, the present study by the qualitative method aims to design decision-making native model for selecting venture capital investment in emerging companies. To achieve this goal, by collecting qualitative data through literature reviews and having deep interview with experts and venture capital firms, a native decision-making model for selecting venture capital in emerging companies is presented. The methodology of this research based on purpose, is fundamental and through the qualitative methods, thematic analysis method is used. Purposeful sampling method is used and interviewing experts continued to theoretical saturation level that means the number of selected samples includes 16 elites. The native decision-making model for selecting venture capital in emerging companies presented in this research has 16 main themes and 86 sub-themes.
۶.

Investigating the Asymmetric Effects of Banking Sector Development and Stock Market Development on Economic Growth in Iran Using Smooth Transition Regression (STR) Model(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Finance, Volume ۲, Issue ۲, Spring ۲۰۱۸ 131 - 150

کلیدواژه‌ها: Financial development Stock Market Banking sector economic growth Smooth Transition Regression (STR)

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۷۷ تعداد دانلود : ۴۱۲
The purpose of this paper is to examine the asymmetric effects of banking sector and stock market development on economic growth in Iran. For this purpose, Smooth Transition Regression (STR) model used based on seasonal time series data during 1989-2017. The results indicate that the impact of financial and banking development indices on economic growth is different for economic growth rates above and below 6%. Therefore, if the economic growth rate is higher than 6%, then we have a regression and when economic growth is lower than 6% will have another regression in order to effect of financial development of economic growth. In addition, results show that that the relationship between private sector credit and economic growth is much stronger than the relationship between stock market and economic growth.
۷.

Foreign direct investment, economic growth and the moderation role of host country’s financial market(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Finance, Volume ۲, Issue ۳, Summer ۲۰۱۸ 1 - 24

کلیدواژه‌ها: absorptive capacity Detecting Cut-off Levels economic growth Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Stock Market Development

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۹
foreign investments have always been welcome and policy makers always do their best in order to attract more and more capital into their area; But a question which gave rise to a series of studies is that is FDI always beneficial for the recipient and does it under all circumstances help the growth in the host economy? In order to answer this question, we first examined whether or not FDI, by itself, has any significant impact on growth and the results proved that FDI affects growth positively in our full sample. We then show that FDI’s effect on growth is different in developed and non-developed countries. A surprising finding in our study is that in developed countries foreign flows of investment do not affect economic growth where this effect in non-developed countries is relatively high and significant. Three different stock market indicators (market capitalization, value traded and turnover ratio) are then introduced and it is tested whether the differences in FDI’s impact in developed and non-developed countries is due to their stock-market-related financial absorptive capacities. Our key contribution in this paper, along with our other novel findings, is that we introduce cut-off levels for these three indicators which successfully split our sample into one sub-sample in which FDI strongly affects growth and one in which FDI’s effect on growth diminishes.     
۸.

The Effect of Climate Change on Economic Growth (Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model Approach in Iran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۱۲, No. ۱, (۲۰۲۰) 111 - 122

کلیدواژه‌ها: climate change Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model economic growth Iran

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۱۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۹۹
Climate change is one of the most important issues affecting different economic sectors. Although this phenomenon has had a larger effect on the agricultural sector due to the heavy dependence of agriculture on weather conditions as compared to the other economic sectors, other economic sectors such as the industry, mining and service sectors are also influenced by weather changes due to their intra-sector dependence on the agricultural sector. Accordingly, the effect of climate change on the economic growth of Iran was examined in this research using the DynamicComputable General Equilibrium (DCGE) model. Our investigation revealed that the decrease in the precipitation in the twenty-year horizon (2011 to 2030) will reduce consumption in all sectors. Moreover, while production in the agriculture and mining sectors declines, it escalates with a descending trend in the industry and service sectors. Based on our findings, as a result of the decreased investment in the other sectors, investment in the agriculture, industry, and mining sectors decreases, whereas it rises in the service sector. Given the research results and the challenge of climate change facing this country, the Iranian government must devise a master practical plan to adapt to and confront this phenomenon and reduce its adverse effects.
۹.

How Does Inflow of FDI Affect Economic Growth in East Asia?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۰, Issue ۱, Spring and Summer ۲۰۱۲ 15 - 25

کلیدواژه‌ها: Foreign Direct Investment Human capital economic growth Host Economy Developed Countries

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۷۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۱
In this paper, we address the question that does FDI alone affect economic growth or interaction of FDI and human capital is required to boost economic growth. We develop the model with an expanding variety of products. We estimate the model using some advanced tests utilizing data on FDI flows from developed countries. We find stronger complementary effects between FDI and human capital on the productivity growth rate instead of having them as separate variables. This result is consistent with the idea that the flow of advanced technology brought along by FDI can increase the growth rate of the host economy only by interacting with that country's absorptive capability. JEL Classification: F21: O49
۱۰.

The Strategy of Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Selected Developing Economies(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۴, Issue ۱, Spring and Summer ۲۰۱۴ 55 - 66

کلیدواژه‌ها: Export Diversification economic growth Developing Countries GMM

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۲۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۹
Today export diversification has become one of the most important economic objectives of development strategies in the developing countries. For various reasons, such as preventing instability in export prices of primary products in global markets, reducing fluctuations in exchanges of them compared with industrial goods, producing dynamic benefits resulted from exporting various goods and increasing productivity of production factors may increase the rate of economic growth. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of export diversification in the economic growth of selected developing countries over the period of 2000-2010. Accordingly, the relationship among GDP, physical capital stock, labor force, and export diversification index was studied using the generalized method of moments (GMM). The results showed that reducing export specialization and increasing export diversification have significantly positive effect on the rate of economic growth of these countries. JEL classican: F10, O40
۱۱.

Adjustment and Growth: Macroeconomic Performance of the IMF and World Bank Integrated model for Selected Mediterranean and MENA Developing Countries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۵, Issue ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۱۵ 1 - 20

کلیدواژه‌ها: Integrated IMF-World Bank Model Structural Adjustment economic growth MEENA Mediterranean

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳۸
accentuate on the programs advocated by the IMF and the World Bank from the model known as the "Integrated Model IMF-World Bank". This research makes a comprehensive evaluation of the applicability of this model to analyze the performance of adjustment programs in the case of six countries in the Mediterranean and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, namely, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey during the period 1974-2006. We analyze also the effects of different policies (domestic credit, government spending, tax proceeds and exchange rate), on three objectives: growth, balance of payment equilibrium and inflation. Regarding to our results, the model gives us good economic comparison among these countries. Turkey is the closet to the anticipation of the model. For all of the countries there is a downward trend in domestic prices. Thus balance of payments is considered as the priority and inflation remains the second goal of the model. Therefore the model is not capable of giving a complete package of policy for no country.   JEL Classification: O10, O49  
۱۲.

Openness of Trade, Unemployment and Inequality of Income Distribution: Comparison between Developed and Developing Countries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۵, Issue ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۱۵ 39 - 50

کلیدواژه‌ها: Trade openness income distribution Unemployment economic growth GMM model Sargan test

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۰۰ تعداد دانلود : ۳۷۰
In the discussions of trading, unemployment and income distribution inequality, this question is raised by economists that in economic development of developing and developed countries, which policy is necessary in the first stage. Is trading liberalization the pre-requirement of transfer from a close economy to a relative open economy and is it necessary for the developed economy compared to other policies, or after achieving an economic growth level and reduction of class difference, poverty and unemployment, the countries should start trade liberalization. By this pre-requirement, a two-stage systematic generalized method of moments technique (GMM) presented by Blundell & bond (1998) during 1991-2008 is applied to evaluate the relationship between three main indices for both groups of selected developed and developing countries. The results of study show that in both groups of countries, high production and increasing foreign direct investment provide open economy and can create employment and reduce unemployment but by increasing population growth rate, unemployment and inflation in both groups of countries, household income inequality is increased. The turning point of this study is regarding household income inequality as increased by increasing economic growth rate and control of open economy in developing counties but in developed countries, increasing economic growth rate and open economy, household income distribution is improved.  JEL Classification: C33, C36, D31, F43.
۱۳.

Analysing the Effect of Financial Development and Symmetric Information on Economic Growth of European Union Members(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۵, Issue ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۱۵ 61 - 70

کلیدواژه‌ها: Financial development economic growth symmetric information economic freedom EU

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۰
The relationship between financial development and economic growth is the crucial issues which could grab economists and policy makers' attention to it. Financial market plays an essential role on each economy, because it conducts funds to those individuals or firms which have productive investment opportunities. If the financial system does not perform this role efficiently, the economic efficiency will decrease and consequently economic growth will be barricaded. One of the main disturbing cases of efficient financial system is asymmetric information. This paper tries to study the effect of financial development and symmetric information on economic growth for whole European Union members. For measuring the symmetric information, some proxies like ICT, IT and economic freedom components are used. In order to have a separate model per country, Pooled Data model is applied in 2000-2012. The results Show that financial development and symmetric information lead to a higher rate of economic growth among European Union members.    JEL Classification: O16, O40, D82, E69
۱۴.

The Effects of Property Rights on Economic Growth in the ECO Member Countries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۵, Issue ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۱۵ 71 - 80

کلیدواژه‌ها: Intellectual Property Rights economic growth ECO

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۷۶ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳۰
In recent years, supporting intellectual property right has gained more significance. Intellectual property rights could be considered as legal rights resulting from intellectual activities in industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields. Today, many countries are seeking practical information about using intellectual property to improve economic growth. Intellectual property rights have an important role in long term, economic growth of communities so international institutions such as Global Business Organization and Global Intellectual Property Organization have been advising their members based on providing and reinforcing this determinate in recent years. Also the gap in intellectual property regimes among developed and developing countries is considered as one of the reasons of differences in economic growth and development in these countries. Intellectual property right is important from the viewpoint of developing countries and in relation with its impact and outcomes on economic development, and stable human development. Considering the global changes and internationalization of production, distribution and consumption, it is necessary to observe all aspect of intellectual property rights. In this research, we intend to study the relationship between intellectual property rights and economic growth for 10 countries of ECO members during 2000-2009. Analysing the effect of intellectual property rights on economic growth is focused on the quantity index of intellectual property rights. The key finding of this study suggests the significant effect of intellectual property rights on economic growth of the ECO member countries.  JEL Classification: E11, C52, C22, B52, O48, O43, P48.
۱۵.

Capital Flight and Economic Growth in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۵, Issue ۲, Summer and Autumn ۲۰۱۵ 9 - 20

کلیدواژه‌ها: Capital flight economic growth ARDL Iran

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۸ تعداد دانلود : ۴۳۵
Beginning in the mid-1980s, the phenomenon of capital flight from developing countries received considerable attention in the economics literature. Capital flight destroys the domestic macroeconomic environment and decreases transparency and accountability. It restricts financial resources when a country is looking for economic growth and development. The purpose of this article is to measure the amount of capital flight in Iran during 1981-2012, and to investigate the long-run effects of estimated capital flight on the Iranian economic growth in this period. To do so, the amount of capital flight in Iran has been measured using World Bank (1985) and Erbe (1985) approach. Then, the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) procedure has been applied in order to estimate a growth equation. Results show that capital flight has a negative impact on economic growth in Iran. JEL Classification: O4, E22, C01.  
۱۶.

A Panel Analysis of Good Governance and FDI on Economic Growth in MENA Region(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۶, Issue ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۱۶ 37 - 48

کلیدواژه‌ها: Good Governance FDI economic growth GMM MENA region

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۰
The paper focuses on regional trade agreements and economic co-operation and develops a new appropriate approach to study their impact on growth and trade. The approach is based on an endogenous trade-growth theory and novelly specified in an economic integration (expenditure) framework which is the conceptual foundation of regional trade agreements. Importantly, it also appropriately takes into account major add- and sub-factors as recommended by Johansen, the computable general equilibrium pioneer, in practical economic planning and policy modelling. Applications of the approach to China, a key member of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement group, are also reported to provide useful insights for suitable evidence-based impact analysis. The analysis has relevance to such trading blocs as BRICS and the 21-member Indian Ocean Rim Association where Iran is a key member. Policy implications from the findings are then briefly discussed.
۱۷.

Investigating Finance-Growth Relationship by Considering Financialization Phenomenon: the Case of USA(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۶, Issue ۲, Summer and Autumn ۲۰۱۶ 51 - 68

کلیدواژه‌ها: Financial Sector Development economic growth Financialization ARDL-Bounds Cointegration Granger causality

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۸۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۰
Does financial sector develop in line with its nature? Does part of financial development, which is in line with its nature, approve mainstream opinion in regard to finance-growth relationship? By considering financialization phenomenon within an ARDL-Bounds testing approach, this study re-examined the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in the USA during the period 1961–2012. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), indicators of financial sector development (FD) and financialization (FIN) were created. After that, Granger causality test was applied using the ARDL-ECM methodology. According to the results: 1) a bilateral relationship between financial development and economic growth was observed; while financial development had negative and significant impact on economic growth, the influence of economic growth on financial development was not significant although it was positive; 2) financialization significantly affected financial development through efficiency channel. Obtained results can be used by policy makers in different countries, although the study is applied for the USA.
۱۸.

Economic Interdependence and Macro-economic Shocks Synchronization in West African Monetary Zone Member Countries(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Economics Studies, ۴۶, Issue ۲, Summer and Autumn ۲۰۱۶ 69 - 84

کلیدواژه‌ها: Financial Sector Development economic growth Financialization ARDL-Bounds Cointegration Granger causality

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۲
Does financial sector develop in line with its nature? Does part of financial development, which is in line with its nature, approve mainstream opinion in regard to finance-growth relationship? By considering financialization phenomenon within an ARDL-Bounds testing approach, this study re-examined the causal relationship between financial development and economic growth in the USA during the period 1961–2012. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), indicators of financial sector development (FD) and financialization (FIN) were created. After that, Granger causality test was applied using the ARDL-ECM methodology. According to the results: 1) a bilateral relationship between financial development and economic growth was observed; while financial development had negative and significant impact on economic growth, the influence of economic growth on financial development was not significant although it was positive; 2) financialization significantly affected financial development through efficiency channel. Obtained results can be used by policy makers in different countries, although the study is applied for the USA. JEL Classification: O11; O16; O51; G20.
۱۹.

Exports, Government Size and Economic growth: Evidence from Iran as Developing Oil-based Economy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: The International Journal of Humanities, Volume ۲۱, Issue ۳ (۲۰۱۴) 45-86
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸۰
This paper investigates the short- run and long-run effects of government size and exports on the economic growth of Iran as a developing oil export based economy for the period of 1974 - 2008 using an autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) framework. A modified form of Feder (1982) and subsequently Ram’s (1986) model has been applied to include both government size and exports in growth equation. The findings show that in long run and short run the Armey curve (1995) is valid, indicating that both a very big size and a too small size of government are harmful for growth and government should adjust its size. The results also show that total exports, the amount of oil exports in terms of barrels and oil prices affect economic growth positively and significantly both in short-run and long-run. However, non-oil exports do not have a significant effect on growth in the long run
۲۰.

The Nonlinear Impact of Energy Consumption On Economic Growth and Emission in Iran, Smooth Transition Regression Model(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Petroleum Business Review (PBR), Volume ۳, Issue ۴ - Serial Number ۹, Autumn ۲۰۱۹ 37 - 53

کلیدواژه‌ها: Fossil Fuel Energy Electricity Energy economic growth Emission Smooth Transition Regression

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۰۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۹
The present study tries to find out the effect of energy consumption on economic growth and emission through applying non-linear framework, the smooth transition regression model, and threshold regression TAR by using the data from1969 to 2017. The results of empirical frameworks indicate that the economic growth is gradually affected by energy consumption and STR model demonstrates the dynamics. However, the changes in energy consumption on emission has taken place faster and the parametric changes have been more severe. In both states, there is one model which consists of two regimes. In this model, the fossil fuel energy consumption growth variable is selected as transition or threshold variable which is optimal model. The fossil fuel energy consumption variable is considered as a policy variable which in both frameworks have been selected in 12 percent level. The results of TAR model revealed that in high regime of fossil fuel consumption, the first lag of fossil fuel consumption and the logarithm of population have impact on emission and in high regime of low fossil fuel consumption, the fist lag on variable growth of fossil fuel consumption and electricity have impact on emission. Also, the results of TAR model indicated that the electricity energy consumption growth in low regime, the growth in electricity consumption and first lag investment affect the economic growth. The fossil fuel consumption in high regime, the growth variables of fossil fuel consumption and investment have impact on the economic growth.