درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Self-development microcelebrities constitute a distinct and rapidly expanding subtype within the broader culture of fame. These figures primarily operate within the digital self-help domain, offering audiences simplified psychological and lifestyle concepts that promise personal transformation through adherence to their guidance. Contemporary self-help discourse is rooted in the positive psychology movement that gained traction in the United States during the late 20th century and is heavily influenced by neoliberal ideologies that emphasize individual agency and responsibility. Aims: In this research, Instagram pages of Iranian self-development microcelebrities were studied to understand what they share with their audience and the various methods they employ to engage with them. Methodology: This study analyzes the Instagram accounts of Iranian self-development microcelebrities with follower counts exceeding 300,000, using a thematic analysis approach. Initially, each account was analyzed individually, followed by a cross-case analysis to identify recurring thematic patterns. Findings: The analysis revealed three overarching themes—pseudoscience, the primacy of luck and the inner self, and self-made rules—comprising seven organizing themes and 31 basic themes. The findings indicate that these microcelebrities promote a form of hyper-individualism aligned with neoliberal values. Conclusion: This model of subjectivity emphasizes psychological self-regulation and inner transformation while detaching individuals from social and political engagement.

Background: Following the Islamic Revolution and the expansion of access to visual media, the use of this media in Shia rituals, such as religious gatherings ( hey’ats ), significantly increased. In recent years, a new form of Shia ritual, referred to as “public communities”, has emerged which organized by cultural institutions. These communities differ markedly from traditional Shia-Iranian rituals and have established a distinct communicative domain. Aims: This study aims to critically examine these events by identifying their constitutive components and analyzing the nature of their mediatization. Methodology: Three events held in the Iranian calendar year 1401 were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach. These Shia-revolutionary performative rituals are categorized into two main domains: the “Public construction of the ritual” and the “construction of the presence and positioning of the subject”. Their media representation is also shaped by two principal categories: the “transitionalization of the communication mode” and “ideological representation”. Findings: Our findings indicate that the organization and media representation of these events produce a spectacular pseudo-ritual that significantly diverges from traditional Shia rituals in Iran. Conclusion: These events have been organized and represented in ways that prioritize spectacle, visibility, and media populism, thus enabling a transformation in ritual structures and indicating a growing tendency toward mediatization in Iran.

Background: Social identity theory suggests that individuals define themselves partly through their membership in social groups, and these identities shape attitudes and behaviors, including consumption choices. Brands increasingly function as social symbols, allowing users to express group belonging, self-concept, and shared values through brand affiliation. Consequently, users’ social identities can significantly influence their intention to purchase a brand by strengthening emotional attachment, perceived congruence, and loyalty toward brands that represent their in-group. Aims: Consumers like to associate themselves with different brands to represent their social identity. This study suggests a social identity perspective of customer-brand relationship and integrates brand identity with social media usage, electronic WOM (eWOM) and brand loyalty in predicting brand purchase intention in an online environment. Methodology: Data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey among a sample of higher education students in a public university in Iran. A sample of 423 respondents was selected through a convenience sampling technique. Data were then analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to provide a prediction-oriented model assessment by LISREL 8.54. Sobel mediation tests were performed to test the mediating effects of social media use, eWOM and brand loyalty on the relationship between social identity and brand purchase intention. Findings: The findings indicated that social identity (affective, cognitive, and evaluative) of users/consumers has a significant impact on: (a) social media use, (b) eWOM about brand, and (c) brand loyalty. Social media use and brand loyalty were found to be the determinants of eWOM about brand. Finally, this research found that all three variables of: (a) social media use, (b) eWOM about brand, and (c) brand loyalty are the main determinants of intention to purchase a certain brand. Conclusion: This research suggests that social identity perspective can be integrated with other perspectives to model the consumer's psychological path to brand purchase intentions. This study confirms the critical role of social identification of users in the reaction towards a given brand and stresses the mediation effects of social media use, brand loyalty and eWOM on the effects of social identity on the path to brand purchase intention.

Introduction: The intensification of environmental crises in urban societies, particularly in the context of accelerating climate change, has turned environmental policy into one of the most important arenas of public decision-making. Cities are, on the one hand, major centers of pollution generation and resource consumption, and on the other hand, they concentrate the highest levels of social inequality and environmental vulnerability. Within this context, urban environmental policies face complex ethical challenges related to the distribution of responsibilities, costs, and benefits among citizens and institutions. Drawing on the literature of environmental ethics and climate justice, this article seeks to rethink the concept of individual responsibility, examine the tension between environmental efficiency and social justice, and analyze the role of urban institutions and structures in the redistribution of responsibilities. Material and Methods: This research was conducted as a narrative–analytical review article. To this end, reputable scientific sources published in international databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, and Google Scholar were systematically searched. The information obtained from the studies was analyzed and conclusions were drawn based on the analyses. Conclusion: The analytical findings indicate that an exclusive focus on individual responsibility, without due attention to structural and institutional constraints, can lead to the reproduction of urban inequalities and undermine the legitimacy of environmental policies. Climate justice, as a normative framework, enables the integration of environmental efficiency, social justice, and institutional responsibility, and redefines the criteria for policy evaluation. The article concludes that the design of just urban environmental policies requires a multidimensional approach in which citizen empowerment, institutional accountability, and the reduction of social inequalities are pursued simultaneously. Such an approach constitutes a fundamental condition for achieving environmental sustainability and social justice in contemporary cities.

Introduction: In contemporary societies, educational systems play a key role in shaping culture and transferring knowledge to future generations. The content of school textbooks not only influences students' scientific understanding but also plays a central role in shaping their identity, beliefs, and values. Given this importance, what happens if this content includes the immoral phenomenon of sexism? Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyze the content of lower secondary school science textbooks based on the immoral category of sexism. Material and Methods: This research falls within the scope of qualitative studies and is categorized as fundamental research. The statistical population of this study consists of the science textbooks used in the lower secondary education level, which includes three volumes. The units of content analysis include images, texts, questions, and end-of-chapter tests. The study was conducted using the content analysis method. Results: Gender representation in lower secondary science textbooks significantly reinforces traditional gender stereotypes. Quantitative analysis revealed that scientific, technical, and managerial roles are predominantly assigned to men, while women are confined to domestic, supportive, and educational roles. Qualitative analysis also indicated that names and images are represented in a way that highlights men’s positions in leadership and scientific roles, while women are portrayed with limited and passive presence. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that lower secondary school textbooks contain the immoral phenomenon of sexism. These patterns indicate the necessity of revising textbook content in order to achieve gender equality

Background: Afghans are the main group of migrants in Iran, and in recent years, their presence has been met with negative reactions from the Iranian public. For example, recently on Twitter, hashtags such as #Expel_Afghans_a_National_Demand (in Persian: # اخراج_افغانی_مطالبه_ملی ) have been widely used by Iranian users. Aims: This study aims to examine Iranian users' perspectives on Afghans by analyzing tweets written with this hashtag about Afghans living in Iran. Methodology: Using thematic analysis, it investigates the negative views expressed by Iranian users. This analysis is based on Bennett’s six-stage model of intercultural sensitivity. The extracted themes from these tweets include five main categories: dissatisfaction with the lifestyle and behaviors of Afghans living in Iran, financial-related dissatisfaction, nationalism-related dissatisfaction, xenophobia-related dissatisfaction, and dissatisfaction due to internal factors. Finding: The dissatisfaction of Iranians toward Afghans aligns with the Defense stage of Bennett’s model, as this stage is characterized by individuals distinguishing between themselves and others, perceiving their own culture as superior, and viewing other cultures as inferior. Conclusion: Based on the themes present in the tweets, it seems that some targeted actions can help reduce xenophobia and counter dominant narratives.

Background: Social media has enabled both intentional and incidental user exposure to diverse cultures and subcultures. This exposure fosters the socialization of similar cultural elements or produces changes in original cultural patterns through cyber-acculturation, which arises from continuous contact with culturally distinct groups. Aims: This study aimed to develop models of social media users’ cyber-acculturation in their exposure to cyber-subcultures. Methodology: Using a Q methodology research design, the study employed convenience snowball sampling and an online questionnaire to collect data from 52 participants, who freely rated 61 statements derived from interviews. Exploratory Factor Analysis, treating participants as variables, was conducted to identify distinct cyber-acculturation models. To further examine the characteristics of each factor, network analysis was applied. Discussions: Users demonstrated varying patterns of cyber-acculturation. Comparable to the model proposed by Sam and Berry (2006)— which outlines the strategies of assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization— this study identified five distinct models of social media users’ acculturation in exposure to cyber-subcultures: 1) Conservative Socialization Adopters, 2) Media-Literate Non-Adopters, 3) Media-Literate Acculturation Adopters, 4) Change-Aspirant Semi Non-Adopters, and 5) Risk-Taking Socialization Adopters. Each of these categories, to some extent, reflects the integration strategy, particularly motivated by social mobility, self-actualization, well-being, and personal advancement. Conclusion: Understanding the variations in how users adopt cultural elements enables governance bodies, policymakers, and professionals in media, culture, and education to design and implement more effective measures with greater impact across different user types.

Introduction: Learning agility is an important area of study among consumers due to its significant impact on adaptability and success. The exploration of learning agility in marketing is increasing; however, little attention has been paid so far to its predictors and consequences. The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between organizational ethical values and learning agility in football club consumers. Material and Methods: This research is descriptive-correlational in nature. The statistical population included customers of sports clubs in Iraq, and a sample of 411 individuals was selected using stratified sampling. The study utilized the Learning Agility Questionnaire by Gravett and Caldwell and the Organizational Ethical Values Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and the SPSS version 18 and PLS version 4 software packages. Results: The results showed that ethical values have a significant relationship with learning agility. Conclusion: The present study highlighted that ethical values play an important role in learning agility, which leads to perceived value in the use of sports services by consumers.

Background: Understanding how humans perceive and estimate distances in built environments is critical not only for advancing perceptual psychology but also for informing the design of computational models in computer vision, robotics, and architectural design. Aims: This study investigates the mechanisms and limitations of human distance estimation within a controlled architectural environment. Methodology: While some previous experiments focused on estimating distances in virtual settings, the current study examines real-world estimation accuracy across a series of predefined points within an unobstructed corridor. Participants were asked to visually estimate the distance between their position and seven distinct target locations, ranging from near to far without the aid of physical reference cues. The core objective was not simply to measure accuracy, but to identify the perceptual threshold beyond which estimation errors significantly increase. A one-way ANOVA model was employed to assess the influence of variables such as actual distance and participant age on perceptual accuracy. Results: Results revealed a consistent estimation performance up to approximately 2 m, beyond which the margin of error grew increasingly pronounced. Notably, a critical threshold was identified at 7.476 m, where estimation errors sharply escalated. The maximum observed discrepancy occurred at a distance of 10.186 m, suggesting a cognitive boundary in spatial awareness. Conclusion: These findings contribute to the understanding of visual-spatial perception mechanisms and offer theoretical insights relevant to applications in robotics, image processing, virtual reality, and navigation system design.

Background: Cryptocurrencies have a variety of unique qualities, from cutting-edge technology to highly secure architecture. Additionally, the ability to invest in cryptocurrency, as an asset or a function of its prosperity has made crypto-currencies attractive to venture capitalists, computer scientists, and statisticians. Aims: In this study, we concentrated on a collection of documents web-scrapped from the market section of CNBC, where each document is associated with a response variable. Methodology: These documents contain preprocessed words/terms of day-to-day reportage on cryptocurrency (Bitcoin). The corresponding response variables are the daily opening and closing price of Bitcoin prices. The Supervised Latent Dirichlet Allocation(sLDA), a statistical model of labeled documents, was used to analyze the textual data alongside their corresponding response variables, since our study aims to predict the response variable for unlabeled new documents. Results: Hidden Topics with their unique terms from the preprocessed articles were exposed through a Natural language processor. Mean absolute error (MAE), Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and Root mean square error (RMSE) graphs were constructed for the sLDA models with ‘k = 3,10,20,30,50,75,100 and 200 Topics’ values where the model with the best evaluation metric, was selected for prediction purpose. Conclusion: It was discovered that the sLDA model with k = 20. A posterior covariance matrix which shows the proportion of terms from the documents, making up a Topic. Coefficient values were generated in other to graphically visualize how important the discovered topics are and how they affect the market trend. Finally, the prediction of new labels (numeric-decoded closing prices) for the unlabeled documents was done and comparisons were made; the predicted labels follow a similar pattern to that of the time series closing price trend.

Background: Network security and penetration pose a significant challenge in the extensive IoT research of recent years. System security and user privacy demand security solutions that are carefully planned and diligently maintained. Aims: This paper introduces a novel three-stage hybrid IDS, IoT-APOSCA, leveraging machine learning and meta-heuristics for attack detection; stages include pre-processing, feature selection, and attack detection. The pre-processing steps are: cleaning, visualization, feature engineering, and vectorization. Methodology: Networks use Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) to monitor and detect malicious activities as a key security feature. The Arctic Puffin Optimization (APO) and Sine-Cosine Algorithm (SCA) are used in the feature selection stage, while a changed Random Neural Network (RNN) is employed in the attack detection stage. Results: The proposed technique is assessed using the DS2OS dataset, and the outcomes show that the approach, integrating multiple learning models, led to an accuracy enhancement to 99.66%. Also, the values Recall and False Alarm Rate obtained are equal to 0.9926 and 0.003, respectively. Conclusion: Intrusion detection system efficacy is directly tied to the quality of its classification method. Enhanced neural network performance is achievable through adjustments to parameters, such as network weights.

Background: Social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and X have redefined the norms of sociality, identity performance, and participation in the public sphere. Aims: This study examines how Persian-language users on X negotiate the visibility of children in online spaces through affective discourse and vernacular governance. Methodology: Analyzing 2,392 posts, we identify seven thematic formations—ranging from family blogging and sharenting to screenshot-based mockery, celebrity child cultures, and rights-based critiques. Using a hybrid methodological approach combining high-recall data retrieval, supervised multi-label topic modeling, and sentiment–intensity analysis, we map how practices like quote-tweeting and screenshotting structure public debates around parental branding, childhood agency, privacy, and consent. Central to this ecosystem is the culturally specific figure of “Arat’s father”, a discursive shorthand for the commodification of childhood under platform economies. Findings: The findings reveal a layered affective landscape where humor, outrage, and pedagogical neutrality coexist, enabling users to police age norms and negotiate ethical boundaries in real time. Conclusion: This study reveals how ordinary users in Iran and Persian-speaking contexts regulate childhood visibility through platform affordances, emotional repertoires, and normative claims. It also proposes a reproducible pipeline for analyzing culturally specific digital publics with methodological transparency and ethical sensitivity.

Background: The rapid development of technology and computing has significantly impacted modern societies, leading to increased opportunities for wealth creation and, inversely, transactional offending. Cybercrimes are increasing and have become a major threat to nations, governments, businesses, and individuals, resulting in financial losses, reputational damage, and personal information data breaches. Aims: This study explores how the South African Police Service (SAPS) responds to and combats cybercrimes. Methodology: This research was conducted in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. The study adopted the qualitative research approach and the phenomenological research design, according to which interpretive and constructivist qualitative research paradigms were deemed appropriate. Data was collected through in-depth interviews using semi-structured interviews, with a sample of 17 participants purposively drawn from the Directorate for Priority Crime Investigation (DPCI) and the Commercial Crimes Unit (CCI) of the South African Police Service (SAPS). The theoretical orientation that guided the study is the Structural Functionalism Theory. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The study revealed that South Africa has been experiencing an increase in cybercrimes. However, has introduced laws and security strategies, such as the Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Bill of 2017, to respond to cybercrimes. However, these are argued to be not adapting fast enough to the constantly changing technological environment. Conclusion: Although limited, there are Police forensic experts in the field who can respond to cybercrimes. The study emphasizes the need for collaboration among all stakeholders, including prosecutors, the judiciary, private security agencies, CSPs, and ISPs, to effectively tackle cybercrimes.

Background: Background: In Iran, following the introduction of modern technologies, various social groups have responded to them, among whom “Tolab” constitute one category. Due to their religious authority within Iranian society, seminarians exert both direct and indirect influence on people’s social lives. Aims: This study aims to explore how Hawzeh members engage with artificial intelligence (AI) as a manifestation of modern technology, by examining Hawzeh media such as journals and news agencies, and to explain its relationship with modernity and technological application approaches. Methodology: 122 texts from Hawzeh media over a two-year period were selected and analyzed using thematic analysis. Ultimately, three main categories were identified: “Understanding the Nature of Artificial Intelligence among Hawzeh Members”, “The Relationship between Power and Artificial Intelligence among Hawzeh Members”, and “The Operational Attention of the Hawzeh to Artificial Intelligence”. Findings: Hawzeh media perceive AI as having a variable nature, which can be utilized depending on the intention, design, and use by its users. Conclusion: The experience of the People of the Hawzeh with AI demonstrates that the systematic form of religion can also be integrated with technology as a product of modern science, because it is not entirely anti-modern, nor is it modern and subjective in the sense of defining its existence solely as a specific mode of being.

Introduction: While considerable research has explored cyberbullying (CB) and its related factors, including moral disengagement (MD), moral identity (MI), and individual characteristics, the interplay of these elements remains underexplored, particularly among Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. Material and Methods: Through proposing a new moderated-mediation model, this study investigated the mediating role of MI in the relationship between MD and CB, and the moderating role of artificial intelligence self-efficacy (AISE) in these connections. Applying a stratified random sampling, data were collected from 600 Iranian EFL learners using four standard questionnaires. Results: The findings suggest that MI mediates the connection between MD and CB, while AISE moderates these relationships, highlighting the importance of fostering MI and responsible AI tool use in EFL contexts to mitigate CB. Conclusion: The present investigation enhanced students' awareness of CB and fostered a culture of responsible digital citizenship, ultimately contributing to safer online learning environments. The implications suggested interventions and educational strategies designed to cultivate a more ethical and digitally responsible learning environment, finally reducing the prevalence of CB among EFL learners.

Background: Economic misinformation may result in people making poor financial choices. Multi-level marketing organizations often target women as potential salespeople. The majority of multi-level marketing organizations are predatory. Oftentimes, their online promotion effectively reaches people. Aims: In order to better identify the differences in color used in online advertisements for multi-level marketing organizations, I chose to explore whether health multi-level marketing organization advertisements had colors that corresponded with traditional gender norms or traditional health advertisements. Methodology: I obtained and analyzed exclusively online advertisements for multi-level marketing organizations. I found that there was indeed a difference in both color and brightness between organizations that targeted men and organizations that targeted women. Results: Health multi-level marketing organizations pose a unique danger. Specifically, they promote both economic and health misinformation. Not only do these organizations recruit people to sell products using spurious techniques, but in many cases, these products may be directly harmful to consumers’ health. As a result, more insight into detecting a health multi-level marketing advertisement is necessary. Conclusion: Color is a major element in advertisements. Specifically, distinct colors may be used in advertisements that target different genders. Understanding the differences in multi-level marketing advertisement colors is important: if consumers can identify which organizations are multi-level marketing companies, they will distrust the advertisements.