شناسایی و تبیین مؤلفه های ارزیابی کیفیت خدمات آموزشی در دانشگاه ها (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
کیفیت در آموزش عالی، نه رسیدن به نقطه ای ثابت و ایستا، بلکه حرکت و جریانی پویاست. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی و تبیین مؤلفه های مؤثر در ارزیابی کیفیت آموزش در دانشگاه هاست. روش تحقیق به لحاظ ماهیت کاربردی و از نظر روش شناسی، توصیفی پیمایشی است. ابزار گردآوری داده های بخش کیفی تحلیل محتوا با استفاده از نرم افزار اطلس تی و استخراج نشانگرها و استفاده از روش دلفی بوده است. جامعه آماری بخش دلفی 18 نفراعضای هیأت علمی با روش غیراحتمالی (گلوله برفی) و اشباع نظری و در بخش کمی 92 نفر هیأت علمی و 357 نفر دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده و استفاده از جدول مورگان، گردآوری داده ها از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استفاده شد. و از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی و نرم افزار SPSS 26 در تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها استفاده شد. عوامل ساختار سازمانی، هیأت علمی، دانشجویان، دوره های آموزشی، راهبردهای یاددهی – یادگیری و تجهیزات و امکانات 71 نشانگر و 29 ملاک که در این بین اعضای هیأت علمی دارای اولویت بیشتری می باشد. نتایج حاصل نشان دهنده وضعیت نسبتاً مطلوب کیفیت آموزش در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بوده و تا رسیدن به وضعیت مطلوب فاصله کمی وجود دارد.Identifying and explaining the components of evaluating the quality of educational services in universities
Quality in higher education is not about reaching a static point but rather a dynamic movement and flow. The current research aims to investigate and explain the effective components in evaluating the quality of education in universities. The research method is applied in nature and descriptive-survey in methodology. The data collection tool for the qualitative part was content analysis using Atlas.ti software, extraction of indicators, and the Delphi method. The statistical population for the Delphi part included 18 faculty members selected through a non-probability (snowball) and theoretical saturation method, and for the quantitative part, 92 faculty members and 357 students from the Islamic Azad University were selected using simple random sampling and Morgan’s table. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS 26 software were used in data analysis. Organizational structure, faculty, students, educational courses, teaching-learning strategies, and equipment and facilities comprised 71 indicators and 29 criteria, among which faculty members had the highest priority. The results indicated a relatively desirable quality of education at the Islamic Azad University, with only a small gap remaining to reach an optimal state. Keywords: Evaluation, Quality, Educational Quality, Islamic Azad University, Delphi Method. Introduction: The main goal is to identify and explain the components for evaluating the quality of educational services at the Islamic Azad University and to offer suggestions for improving the quality of educational services at the university and educational institution level. The following questions were raised based on this objective: What are the factors, criteria, and indicators for evaluating the quality of educational services? What is the current state of the quality of educational services at the Islamic Azad University based on the determined factors, criteria, and indicators, and what suggestions can be made to improve the quality of educational services at the university? Materials and Methods: The current research method is applied in terms of purpose and mixed with an exploratory approach in terms of research method. The research method was qualitative and quantitative, where initially, for the implementation of the quality evaluation of educational services at the university, all data, information, theoretical foundations, regulations, instructions, and executive circulars of the Islamic Azad University regarding educational and research activities, as well as the research background in Iran and other countries, were collected and reviewed using the library study method. Subsequently, the components were presented to experts and faculty members using the Delphi method, and after two rounds of the Delphi stage, questionnaires were developed and made available to faculty members and students to depict the current situation. After data collection and analysis, findings were obtained, and then a comparison was made between the current and desired states of the university’s educational activities, and necessary suggestions were provided for improving the quality of education at the university to achieve the requirements for judging the desired state. In the qualitative section, 18 members of the academic staff from both public and private universities in Tehran (experts specialized in higher education) were selected using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling method. Data collection tools (indicators) included document review and theoretical frameworks through content analysis and the use of Atlas.ti software. After extracting indicators, some were merged (open and axial coding) and validated through the Delphi method. To maintain and ensure this section’s reliability, two rounds of the Delphi method and the Kappa coefficient were used. A Kappa coefficient of 0.743 percent was obtained by comparing the responses of two experts in the Delphi sec
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