درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The stock market is one of the main components of the economy, and various factors cause fluctuations in it, one of which is the effect of investors' behavior. Therefore, present study seeks to answer the question of whether the feelings and sentiments of investors might intensify the fluctuations in the Tehran Stock Exchange or not. To answer this question, at first, in order to quantify sentiments, as non-abstract variables, the Equity Market Sentiment Index (EMSI) was used that investors are classified in 5 categories of completely risk-averse, risk-averse, neutral-risk, risk-taking and completely risk-taking. Using GARCHi-in-Mean, results indicate that the sentiments of investors will result in greater fluctuations in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Hence, if fluctuation is considered an indicator of market risk, the excitement associated with an abnormal rise in volumes will increase that risk.

As we are looking for knowledge of stock future returns in portfolio optimization, we are practically faced with two principal concepts: Uncertainty and Information about variables. This paper attempts to introduce a pragmatic bi-objective investment model based on uncertainty, instead of probability space and information theory, instead of variance and other moments as a risk measure for portfolio optimization. Not only is uncertainty space expected to be more in line with investment theory, but also, applying and learning this approach seems more straightforward and practical for novice investors. The proposed model simultaneously maximizes the uncertain mean of stock returns and minimizes uncertain entropy as a measure of portfolio risk. The uncertain zigzag distribution has been used for variables to avoid the complexity of fitting distributions for data. This uncertain mean-entropy portfolio optimization (UMEPO) has been solved by three meta-heuristic methods of multi-objective optimization: NSGA-II, MOPS, and MOICA. Finally, it was observed that the optimal portfolio obtained from the proposed model has a higher return and a lower entropy as a risk measure compared to the same model in the probability space.

Mounting attention has recently been paid to authorial stance in academic writing due to its important role in the interpersonal aspect of writing, encompassing the ways in which authors establish connections, convey attitudes, and engage with an audience. This study was an attempt to explore how native and non-native authors of Applied Linguistics deploy linguistic features to project their authorial stance. To this end, a corpus of 100 research articles authored by native and non-native researchers was collected from journals in the field of ELT. Hyland's Interpersonal Model of Metadiscourse (2005) was employed to differentiate the features produced and figure out how authors navigate the complexities of expressing their meaning while considering the ELT community expectations, and SPSS was used to analyze the data. Based on the results, the proportion of interactive resources was found to surpass that of interactional resources in both native and non-native writings, with transitions being the leading feature, followed by evidentials; and regarding the interactional resources, boosters, and hedges were the most dominant features employed by native and non-native authors, respectively. Overall, no tendency was found towards textuality through which authors consider the target audience (engagement markers), signal their confidence through the portrayal of authors' feelings (attitude markers), and take credit for their findings (self-mentions) throughout the whole corpus, particularly non-native writings. It seems that writing courses offered in non-native contexts require improvements to meet the standards of academic writing. Therefore, the study has important implications for both non-native and novice researchers and course designers.

Human language and power of speech are not the only means of his communication with others, but a high percentage of his messages are transmitted to others willingly or unwillingly with other parts of the body and through his physical movements and behaviors, which is called body language. The messages sent by body language are much more expressive and expressive than the messages that are transmitted through speech. Imam Khamenei (Madazla-ul-Ali) has proven during his leadership and in various scenes recorded by him that he is very skilled and capable in using body language. On the other hand, one of the foundations of personality psychology is that people's movements and behavior are subject to their personality. Therefore, this research seeks to introduce the scientific and Quranic personality of the Supreme Leader, using library sources and descriptive and analytical methods to analyze the origins and Quranic foundations of Imam Khamenei's different body language in meeting with the people and leaders of some countries to pay The findings of this research indicate that the origin of his humble and kind body language in front of the people, especially the families of the martyrs, as well as his authoritative and seemingly arrogant body language, in meeting with some heads of government, are both humanizing and sublime commands of the Holy Quran. Is.

Contrary to the traditional disciple-making efforts presented by commentators of mystical works, which aim to consolidate a fanatical attitude towards mysticism and hide any epistemological defects, these works have their own disadvantages, similar to any other knowledge system. One of these disadvantages is the categorization of "women," which, due to the continuation of the patriarchal worldview and the Mithraic origin of Iranian-Islamic mysticism, has been approached with a dogmatic and gender-oriented perspective. Therefore, within the mystical tradition, despite occasional praises given to women in Sufi works, they are generally regarded as symbols of evil passion, and the love for them is seen as figurative and lustful. In these instances, the mystical texts acknowledge their own stance, and, often in contrast to the efforts of their fanatical admirers, provide an opportunity for so-called "destructive" analyses. The present article examines the contradictions within the works of two renowned mystical poets, Attar and Rumi, specifically regarding their portrayal of "woman". By adopting a deconstructive approach, often utilizing textual evidence, it aims to highlight their patriarchal attitude. Consequently, it concludes that while researchers of mystical works have often attempted to absolve the mystic poets of their patriarchal or misogynistic gender-oriented views, the mystics themselves have not done so.

  Subjective : Psychological problems are involved in many psychosomatic disorders. Gastric ulcer is also related to psychological problems as one of the psychosomatic disorders. This research was conducted with the aim of comparison of emotion regulation in gastric ulcer sufferers and non-sufferers. Methods : This research is descriptive and causal-comparative. 100 patients with gastric ulcer and referred to Imam Hussein Hospital in Tehran in 2022 were selected by convenience sampling method and compared with 100 of their companions who did not have gastric ulcer. Both groups responded to Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Data were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance and SPSS-21 software. Results : The findings showed that the total score of difficulties in emotion regulation and its subscales (non-acceptance of negative emotions, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behaviors, difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, limited access to effective emotion regulation strategies, lack of emotional awareness, lack of emotional clarity) in patients with gastric ulcer is significantly higher than of non-afflicted people (P<0.001). Conclusion : According to this finding, it can be concluded that the difficulty in regulating emotions may play a role in gastric ulcers. It seems that patients with gastric ulcer are less able to identify and understand their emotions and less able to manage their emotions properly. Therefore, the accumulation of psychological pressure caused by negative emotions can cause their symptoms to appear or intensify.