درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study explores the strategic integration of Islamic ideology as a national competitive advantage within the Axis of Resistance economies, defined by their shared ideological commitment to justice, independence, and resistance against imperialism, rather than specific geographical boundaries. A strategic framework is proposed that merges innovative ideas and existing knowledge to describe the competitive environment and future directions. The framework is customer-centric and capable of identifying and predicting potential changes in the competitive landscape over time. By leveraging the principles of justice, independence, and resistance against imperialism, Islamic ideology fosters unity and purpose among the populace, enhancing national competitiveness. The study also examines the historical and theoretical underpinnings of the Axis of Resistance through Immanuel Wallerstein's World-Systems Theory and Paulo Freire's Liberation Theology, highlighting the ideological and geopolitical dimensions. The economic implications are discussed, emphasizing the necessity of forming an economic resistance front to counteract international sanctions and economic warfare. The proposed framework underscores the importance of identifying unique capabilities, integrating ideology into strategy, and enhancing economic resilience. Future research should further explore the intersection of ideology and strategy, particularly in the context of emerging geopolitical and economic challenges, to provide valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners.

Although the United States of America was able, after the end of the Second World War until the first decade of the third millennium, to obtain all the necessary conditions for taking he-gemony and the leadership of the free world, with the post-Cold War transformations, grounds were provided for the hegemony of America to undergo decline. The emergence of powers such as China, Russia, and the European Union, alongside certain regional crises such as the 2022 Ukraine crisis, are counted among those developments that provided the grounds for the further decline of American hegemony. This research, with documentary study and qualitative method of data and with theoretical content and explanatory (causal) method as well as de-scriptive–analytical method, and based on the theoretical framework of “long cycles,” while investigating the roots of the 2022 Ukraine crisis, is responsible for answering this question: What effect has the 2022 Ukraine crisis had on the decline of American hegemony? The anal-ysis of data and the results obtained have shown that: the 2022 Ukraine crisis caused the he-gemony of America to be challenged in creating balance in the domains under the influence of Russia, and consequently, America’s inability in solving the 2022 Ukraine crisis.

Apparently only during the recent years the governments have discerned urban diplomacy capacity exploitation planned for substantial administration and management in various areas and scopes of cultural, crafts, scientific, sports, economic, industrial, tourism or peace and security. Thereupon, the impact of urban diplomacy basic strategies upon completion of global city indicators can further be studied in compliance with scholars such as Hubbard al (2007), Pluijim (2007), Brown (2002) intellectual consensus. In this survey, urban diplomacy has additionally been examined based on six main principles: - a) urban security, b) urban development, c) urban economy, d) urban net-works, e) urban representative, and f) urban culture. In procedure, urban diplomacy can methodical-ly be reviewed within the two contexts of urban international cooperation: - i) sister cities relations and multilateral cooperation and, ii) membership and activities of international institutions and or-ganizations in urban management. Yet still, the most significant index of cities entry to global cities Jirga desideratum urban security to assure psychological security, life safety and financial security and furthermore, consider tourists and investors credence, hitherto, adjoin global city contributing to cities network such that in spite of time expedient could withstand action and reaction of events and be effective. Evidently, constitution of delegation of authorities representing international and regional institutions and organizations in cities and recognition of necessary capacity can provide for global city ‘Globalization’ process. In addition to what mentioned, assets of urban culture cor-responding to history and people of the respective city in the supply chain opinion, to define global city indicators is also highly significant since human relations between citizens for a city of tourists and other representatives to meet the criteria of global cities “culture” is additionally a distinction. From this perspective, circulation of urban economy, welfare seekers, fundraising, small and large businesses, economy of construction and industry, economy of art, etc. entirely facilitate urban de-velopment strategies to incept a developed city with bright horizon for advance towards global path.