مطالب

Postmodern tourism is gradually shifting away from mass tourism toward more personalized, experience-based, and interest-driven forms of travel. In response to this trend, many destinations are increasingly emphasizing local cuisine and developing culinary tourism as one of the most dynamic and creative sectors of the tourism industry. However, the successful development of culinary tourism is not possible without a clear understanding of culinary tourists’ behavior. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to explain the behavior of product-oriented culinary tourists, the most specialized segment of culinary tourism, by developing a behavioral model using a mixed-method approach. In the qualitative phase, a meta-synthesis method was applied, while the quantitative phase employed structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 4 to identify key dimensions, components, and indicators, as well as to examine the relationships among them. The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula and consisted of 285 participants, who were randomly selected from saffron culinary tourists visiting the Qaenat region. The findings indicate that tourists’ motivation, destination image, and perceived service quality have direct effects on satisfaction and indirect effects on behavioral intentions. Notably, perceived service quality also shows a direct and significant influence on behavioral intentions. Furthermore, the results highlight several key destination characteristics that strongly influence the quality of culinary tourism tours. These include cultural and culinary involvement, accommodation quality, farm-based experiences, food and beverage quality, reliable service delivery, a sense of safety and tranquillity, effective tour organization, and the quality of tour guide services .

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine involved a combination of hard and soft power measures, with geopolitical representations strategically employed to justify violations of international law. Despite their significance for understanding Russia’s regional actions, academic literature has mainly underexplored geopolitical representations. This paper aims to address this gap and answer to the following questions: (1) how did Russia use geopolitical narrations to justify the war against Ukraine, and (2) why did Russian geopolitical representations fail to achieve the aims? The research hypothesis is that 'the purpose of geopolitical narratives of perceived threats from Ukraine was to receive internal support and legitimize the war form the point of view of International Laws'. The research findings suggest that Russia’s initial military intervention was primarily based on a geopolitical narrative portraying Ukraine as an immediate threat through the alleged presence of Nazis, which served as a pretext to justify military action. In reality, this narrative was also used to retain Ukraine as a buffer zone against NATO expansion. This paper examines how geopolitical representations have influenced Russia’s foreign policy and its implications for regional security, and shows how they have been used to justify and sustain Russia’s military actions against Ukraine.

Cet article a pour objectif d’examiner le symbolisme du temps dans Les Pleurs de Marceline Desbordes-Valmore (1786-1859). Poétesse romantique française, elle s’est distinguée par une écriture lyrique profondément marquée par le deuil, la maternité et la quête d’apaisement intérieur. La poésie de Valmore transmute la souffrance en une vitalité organique, où les forces élémentaires de la nature dialoguent avec l’élan spirituel de l’être. Son imaginaire poétique se révèle alors comme une tension dynamique entre vitalité et temporalité transfigurée. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous nous interrogeons sur la manière dont le symbolisme du temps s’inscrit au cœur de cette poétique. En nous appuyant sur Les structures anthropologique de l’imaginaire développée par Gilbert Durand, nous analysons comment les symboles liés au temps structurent l’univers symbolique de la poétesse. Dans ce travail, nous nous proposons de répondre à la question de savoir comment Marceline Desbordes-Valmore transforme, à travers son imaginaire symbolique, l’angoisse liée au passage du temps en une quête spirituelle et poétique apaisante. Pour ce faire, nous analysons six catégories symboliques du régime diurne (thériomorphes, catamorphes, nyctomorphes, ascensionnels, spectaculaires et diaïrétiques), afin de mettre en lumière la fonction consolatrice de sa poésie face à la temporalité, à la condition humaine et à l’angoisse de la mort.

La quête identitaire se retrouve au cœur des œuvres du vingtième siècle. Des romanciers, comme des critiques examinent la question et un auteur comme Barthes n’échappe pas à la règle. Ses écrits ultimes au Collège de France demeurent cependant imaginaires et théoriques. Il s’identifie aux protagonistes d’une nouvelle Recherche dont il s’estime être le créateur. Nous verrons ainsi dans cet article les manuscrits barthésiens au sujet de la phrase dans ses textes déposés à la bibliothèque nationale de France qui décrivent certaines de ses convictions intimes. Nous observerons à travers ceux-ci une réinvention du texte dans ses derniers cours. Ceux-ci forment une autre matrice romanesque et Barthes retourne à ses premières sources littéraires et se passionne même pour la personne de l'auteur. Ce dernier désire désormais s’éterniser par le roman et renaître, tout comme le phénix de ses cendres. Afin de voir les sources de cette renaissance artistique, nous étudierons certaines parties raturées de ses manuscrits déposés à la bibliothèque nationale de France. Elles expriment ses points de vue intimes sur les étapes de l’invention de la phrase. Nous tenterons ainsi de découvrir la vérité littéraire se cachant chez cet inventeur de l'art de ne rien écrire qui, tout comme Proust, redéfinit la recherche littéraire dans une perspective temporelle.

This paper shows how Hegel’s misconception of truth and knowledge misled his ideas of Absolute spirit, dialectically reinforced dogmatism and irrational historicism toward his disastrous conclusion of a “totalitarian playbook”. Analysis by Hegel scholars is presented and contrasted with Popper’s Critical Rationalism-based critiques. Hegel held a version of Correspondence for everyday truth plus a deeper “philosophical” truth, similar to essence, which could be unified with consciousness. This is compared to Popper’s anti-essentialism. Hegel’s dialectical theory is contrasted to Popper’s falsificationism. Popper showed that dialectical method produced historical relativism. Hegel’s Philosophy of Identity, yielding the dialectical Idealism of “what is reasonable must be real”, led to “might is right” with emergence of nations by fighting for domination on the stage of history. Popper credited Hegel with formulating the “playbook of totalitarianism”, used lethally by followers of Hegelian Left and Right. Inversion Theory claims the word “true”, implying completeness, certainty, and self-consistency, is applicable only to the objective world. Perception of it, acquired by an evolved biological process (Active Subjectivism), incorporates essential falsehood, yielding “best knowledge” of reality. It solves problems related to the regulatory, statistical, evidentiary, inconstant and even indexical nature of knowledge. Only the Inversion theory exposes the errors of dialecticism: since it involves subjective concepts, it is impossible for a true synthesis plus its negative antithesis to give a true synthesis. The historical process of the Zeitgeist contains falsehood, the cunning of reason to move the spirit forward is uncertain, and nobody can perform the truth for their time.

Since its creation, Shakespeare’s Hamlet has served as a mirror to the anxieties of its time. Though various analyses of the contemporary film adaptations have routinely addressed themes of surveillance, the precise psychological effects of this surveillance on the protagonist are still under-examined. This paper addresses this lacuna by examining how Michael Almereyda’s (2000) and Gregory Doran’s (2009) film adaptations of Hamlet present the protagonist’s tragic flaw as not indecision, but rather a pathological narcissism engendered by a postmodern culture of surveillance. The paper contends that these films utilize the omnipresent camera—both diegetic and non-diegetic—to create a Hamlet whose self is fragmented by the inexorable gaze. This perpetual watching, coupled with a cultural movement toward hyper-subjectivity, engenders a pathological narcissism that becomes integral to his personality. The results and findings in this article demonstrate that these adaptations employ strategies such as mise-en-abyme not merely to condemn surveillance, but to diagnose a specifically postmodern malaise wherein the self is caught in a feedback loop of self-recording and performance, ultimately leading to a questioning of the nature of identity in an era of digital mediation.

Objective : This study investigates how waste storage, waste quality, and market dynamicity influence the economic and environmental performance of industrial symbiosis networks in Iran’s food sector.  Methodology: A hybrid simulation approach, combining agent-based modeling and discrete event simulation, is employed to analyze the dynamics of industrial symbiosis networks in the food sector in Iran. This integrated method enables a detailed examination of how waste quality, storage duration, and market dynamicity jointly affect network performance. The model is implemented and simulated using AnyLogic software. Results : The simulation results demonstrate that effective management of waste storage is essential for improving the economic and environmental performance of industrial symbiosis networks in the food sector. Extending the storage duration allows firms to better align waste supply with demand, which is particularly valuable in volatile markets. However, the benefits of longer storage depend on waste quality: for high-quality waste, additional storage costs are offset by higher exchange values, while for low-quality waste, prolonged storage mainly increases costs and reduces profitability. The study also finds that waste storage strategies can substantially buffer the negative effects of market fluctuations. Conclusion : This paper advances circular economy research by presenting an analytical framework that integrates agent-based modeling and discrete event simulation to analyze industrial symbiosis networks. The findings suggest that managing storage duration can improve economic and environmental outcomes, while waste storage strategies help firms mitigate the negative impacts of market volatility. These insights can help managers and policymakers improve waste management in Iran’s food sector.

This article explores the complicated interaction of artistic expression with cultural identity through two novels by Orhan Pamuk: My Name is Red and The White Castle. The analysis will lean upon an interdisciplinary theoretical framework that brings together Stuart Hall’s view on cultural identity as a fluid entity, Homi Bhabha’s theory of cultural hybridity, and Arjun Appadurai’s work on global cultural flows. This research demonstrates how Pamuk’s narratives contest given binary oppositions between East and West, and also tradition and modernity, through close textual investigation, reflecting upon questions regarding cultural change within the Ottoman framework. The study shall show how Pamuk’s characters negotiate the multiplicities of cultural influence through artistic utterance and personal metamorphosis with a view to creating new identities beyond borders. While tension in My Name is Red between Ottoman miniature traditions and Western portraiture is in itself a vehicle toward cultural adaptation, The White Castle presents an identity exchange between an Italian scholar and his Ottoman captor, which shows, through time and interaction, the permeable nature of such a boundary. This study focuses on how globalization equally amplifies traditional binaries and creates opportunities for their transcendence, enriching our understanding of Turkish literary modernism. It holds the view that cultural identity can be jointly created not simply by negating or fully accepting foreign influxes but by being in creative interaction with both the traditional and the new, and thus provides an important insight into the understanding of cultural change in societies experiencing rapid globalization and modernization.