حسین کریمی فرد

This research aims to explore the strategic pivot in Iran's foreign policy toward Eastern countries under President Ebrahim Raisi. The study investigates the motivations behind this shift, its implications for Iran's international relations, and the effectiveness of this policy in achieving its intended goals. This article aims to dissect the conceptual underpinnings and theoretical content of Raisi's 'Look to the East' policy, situating it within broader theoretical and political contexts in international relations. The research question is: What are the driving forces behind Iran's increased engagement with Eastern countries under President Raisi, and how effective has this pivot been in enhancing Iran's geopolitical standing and economic stability? This article aims to prove analytically and descriptively the hypothesis that the Raisi administration's shift toward Eastern nations, particularly China and Russia, stems from a combination of economic necessity, geopolitical realignment, and the desire to evade Western sanctions. Findings: The research reveals that Raisi's policy has resulted in deeper economic and military collaborations with Eastern powers. However, while these moves have provided some economic relief and bolstered Iran's regional influence, they also present risks such as over-reliance on Eastern allies and potential geopolitical tensions with Western nations. The Raisi administration is orienting toward the East and establishing extensive ties with China and Russia in the military, economic, and security fields. The purpose of Iran's state is to form a global coalition against the US with Russia, China, and other states that oppose the Western world order.

Reza Shah's government can also be considered a government based on an ideology. This ideology has different components and at the same time, based on it, various institutions were created during Pahlavi's rule. Accurate knowledge of the Pahlavi government, especially in the era of Reza Shah, is obtained with a correct understanding of this ideology. Therefore, the state of the Pahlavi government is "linked" to this ideology in a very fundamental way. Looking at its situation, the three most important elements in it were considered the main ideological components of the government, which are: "authoritarianism", "monopolism" and "personalization of power". Of course, nationalism and antiquarianism can also be added to these. In this research, the focus is on the political components of the government's ideology. In sum, according to these three components, the ideological characteristic of Reza Shah's government can be considered as "concentration of exclusive personal power". In the meantime, the military institutions, which Reza Shah had placed the main support of his power on, played a very important role in the continuation of the government and the implementation of its ideology. The "police" was one of the most important of these institutions, which was completely at the service of the "person" of Reza Shah, and before and after he reached the throne, he fulfilled his wishes completely. This article seeks to understand the "problem" of the "police" in the ideology of the government with a descriptive and analytical method. And at the same time, its most important findings are that the "police" based on the principle of "concentration of exclusive personal power", was one of the main tools for creating order and suppressing Reza Shah's opponents. The most important result of this research is that the police played a role in establishing the "concentration of exclusive personal power" mostly by "suppressing and censoring the press", "dominating the elections and parliament" and "suppressing the opponents of the king". And this act was exactly based on the ideology of Reza Shah's government.

The position of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Putin's doctrine of Eurasianism, especially after 2012, has gained considerable importance in Russia's foreign policy. In the light of Putin's Eurasianism discourse, the extensive relations between Iran and Russia in the political, economic, military, security, intelligence and nuclear fields were promoted to the level of two strategic allies. The main question raised in this research is, what was Iran's position in Putin's doctrine of Eurasianism? And what have been the most important influencing variables in the nuclear relations between the two countries? The findings of this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method and with a historical approach, show that the position of Iran in Putin's doctrine of Eurasianism is important in such a way that without Iran, the said doctrine will face serious problems and many variables will affect the increasing nuclear relations. It has been influential between the two countries, which shows the convergence of the societies and domestic elites between the two countries, the anti-Western foreign policy of the two countries, and the current international conditions resulting from the war between Russia and Ukraine.