درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Culinary literary criticism is a new field which has gathered interest among many scholars around the world. The cultural significance of gastronomic representations in literary texts is usually interconnected with the issues of gender, race, and class. The current study aims to examine the relation between food and gender identity in the selected works of two prominent Nigerian female writers in terms of Susan Bordo’s views on ‘food and the ideal body image’ and ‘cooking and gender roles’. In the present age, the ideas of having an ideal gendered body and also gender obligations have permeated more deeply among individuals by the social media, including advertisements, and thus have gained increasing prominence among scholars. Employing Foucault’s terminology, Bordo criticizes the individuals’ obsession and excess to shape their bodies according to the gendered ideals and thus turning to docile bodies and also the issue of cooking as a gendered micropractice. Here, it can be argued how Buchi Emecheta and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the two feminist novelists, present the motif of food and cooking in their works to question the dominant patriarchal culture and the expected gender roles.

Rhymes are beautiful instruments which play crucial aesthetic roles in Persian poetry. This study aimed to investigate the different forms of translation of rhymes in Hafiz’s poetry based on Lefevere’s model. As such, the 1st, 97th, and 149th ghazals of Hafiz’s Divan were selected to be studied. The ghazals were translated by Alexander Rogers, Gertrude Lodeinbell, Maryam Foradi, and Alexander von Humboldt-Lehrstuhl. Each translation was carefully analyzed by the researcher how the rhymes were translated into English. The data were tabulated and coded. According to the results obtained in this research, 65% of Maryam Foradi’s translation was in the form of free translation, while, and all of Alexander Rogers’s and Alexander von Humboldt-Lehrstuhl’s translations were combinations of literal and phonemic translations. The study can be beneficial to poetry translators and translation students in giving them insights on how rhymes can be rendered into another language.

Eric Landowski a distingué les deux formes possibles de la quête du bonheur correspondant à deux formes différentes du goût, à savoir, « le goût de plaisir », et « le goût de plaire ». Quant au « goût de plaisir » il faut distinguer deux conceptions du plaisir : la première fonde la jouissance du sujet sur le rapport unilatéral de la « possession » des éléments du monde et des gens, et la deuxième met l’accent sur la relation de réciprocité interactionnelle. En ce qui concerne la question du sens, qui n’est pour Landowski que la résultante ou le produit de l’interaction du sujet avec les éléments du monde et cela en en faisant « usage », il distingue deux formes d’interaction que l’une revoie à l’idée d’ « utilisation » et l’autre à celle de « pratique ». Le premier objectif de cet article est de montrer que l’idée d’ « utilisation » correspond à la première conception du plaisir et celle de « pratique » à la deuxième. Le deuxième objectif de l’article est de montrer que les deux conceptions du mot d’usage, l’ « utilisation », et la « pratique », l’une fondée sur le rapport unilatéral, fonctionnel et utilitaire du sujet avec le monde, et l’autre basée sur l’interaction esthésique et dynamique avec le monde, servent à différencier les styles de vie et la manière d’agir de Marcel et de Swann, les deux protagonistes de Proust, face aux femmes et aux éléments du monde qui les entourent.

A couple of decades before 9/11, after the collapse of USSR, Islam started to be culturally represented as the major “Other” in the West. 9/11 attacks accelerated the movement with the “culture talk” project positioning Islam as the backward culture against which the West and secularism are portrayed as the epitome of progressive liberal civilization/culture. Muslims, however, wrote back to the project. Literature, especially fiction, was found an appropriate media through which Muslims’ voice could be expressed. Robin Yassin Kassab’s The Road from Damascus is a true writing back attempt in order to respond to the hegemonic “othering” of Islam in the West. The narrative actualizes the purpose upending the constructed bifurcation of “the West” versus “Islam”. Being approached from a new perspective, both terms/signs are deconstructed in the novel so that the center/periphery opposition is reversed. In this new structure each term/sign is given new significances challenging the mainstream “imagined identities” of Muslims in the West.