مطالب

INTRODUCTION: Considering the important and sensitive position of Emergency Operations Centers (EOC) and little scientific research has been done on the subject, the purpose of this comparative study is to identify the structural and functional requirements of EOCs. METHODS: In this comparative research, structural and functional requirements and considerations of modern EOCs were extracted to facilitate the process of managing operations and responding to disasters by studying the guidelines and standards for the design and construction of modern EOCs, as well as examining the experiences of different countries in using and operating these centers. FINDINGS: By reviewing the studies, these components were extracted as the important structural and functional requirements of these centers including: common hazards in the region, the purpose of creating an EOC, the flexibility and multi-purpose nature of the EOC, audio and visual features of the operation control room, the number of administrative and operational positions, ergonomics and allocated space, required and technologies, the existence of a space for holding group meetings as well as people's rest, the amount of allocated budget and also the conditions of people's access to modern EOC. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, assessing the risks in the region and developing different possible scenarios, along with paying attention to the structural and functional requirements of modern EOCs based on the obtained criteria, can improve the disaster management process.

Purpose: One of the modern management approaches that has received significant attention and has addressed the weaknesses and problems of traditional management models is ethically-oriented management. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design an ethically-oriented management model to enhance employee education in higher education, utilizing grounded theory in the free universities of Mazandaran province. Methodology: The nature of this study is exploratory and utilizes qualitative data. The research population consists of management experts and professors with management experience in the free universities of Mazandaran province. The researcher employed the snowball method to achieve theoretical saturation after conducting interviews with 13 experts and opinion leaders. Qualitative data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using the qualitative method of grounded theory. Findings: Causal factors influencing ethically-oriented management for the development of employee education include personal characteristics, psychological capability, job identity, and organizational communications. Contextual factors include organizational ethics, organizational foundations, organizational justice, and leadership roles. Influential intervening factors include political, executive, infrastructural, and cultural factors. Additionally, three core phenomenon components have been identified and reported: ethical educational leadership skills, ethical literacy, and instructional design. Resulting strategies include external and internal university strategies, formal and informal strategies. Lastly, outcomes include structural development, educational development, communicational development, and performance development. Conclusion: This research began with the aim of achieving an ethically-oriented management model for the development of employee education in higher education using grounded theory and has completed its evolutionary journey through qualitative methods, resulting in a model. Finally, recommendations derived from the researcher's experiences are presented.

During the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, the villa business in Bali was significantly affected by a decrease in tourist arrivals. Despite the post-pandemic recovery in 2022, the industry had not yet fully regained its momentum. In this challenging situation, this business encountered new challenges, including the implementation of health protocols and the incorporation of information technology. These challenges led to additional costs, further straining the already diminished income due to the decrease in inbound tourism. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the adaptation of villa business to retreat centres during the post-pandemic era and its contributions. Data were collected using literature study, observations, and interviews, then analysed descriptive and interpretative qualitatively. The results showed that villa businesses adapted to the post-pandemic challenges by transforming into retreat destinations. This adaptation was rooted in a product-orientated strategy based on market demand, income optimization, and health needs. Furthermore, the approach used necessitated collaboration with local communities and a commitment to environmental preservation, as these destinations majorly depended on local community assets and a healthy setting. Based on these findings, this adaptive approach had several contributions for sustainable tourism development in terms of empowerment local community, supporting the economy, and ensuring environmental conservation.