الهام زمانی

Children and adolescent literature in Iran is still a developing field. Studies in the field of children's literature are interdisciplinary and include fields of psychology, social sciences, Persian literature, and educational sciences. Limited studies exist on the challenges of children's literature in Iran. The aim of this study is to extract the components of "content challenges in children and adolescents’ fiction" considering the current situation.The current study was conducted using qualitative content analysis. The study is an applied research and adopts an inductive approach and employed the interview method for data collection. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 people who were subject experts, authors, and key informants. After documenting the interviews, semantic units were extracted as codes, then were grouped and categorized. Initially, 186 codes were collected. After removing duplicates, the total number of codes decreased to 117. Finally, by merging and combining the codes, the final number reached 48. These 48 codes were classified into five main components and 24 sub-components The content analysis of the interview texts showed the challenges of children's fiction in five main components, these components are 1- translated stories; 2- content production; 3- Author or Authorship; 4- The role of governance; 5- social and cultural conditions of society. Analysis and review of the opinions of experts in the field of children and adolescents’ literature showed that, despite the fact that the number of copies of books published in the field of children and adolescents in the country is increasing, and there are numerous challenges in the field of children and adolescents’ fiction. The challenges in various areas such as the content of works, the role of governance, writing, and translated works require attention, planning, and policy-making of the major authorities. Given the intergenerational role adolescents play in both receiving and transmitting social and cultural concepts, any indifference in this process can lead to numerous future cultural and social challenges. Therefore, knowing that the youth fiction in Iran is evolving, there is a need to pay more attention to the challenges found out in the research.

INTRODUCTION: The unpredictable magnitude and scope of disasters make it particularly challenging to respond effectively and provide timely assistance to affected populations. In many situations, geographical location, regional topography, and adverse weather conditions, especially in the early stages, hinder rapid access to disaster-affected areas. In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have emerged as an innovative technology that offers rapid data collection, real-time surveillance, and access to remote areas, thereby enhancing situational awareness and decision-making during disasters. METHODS: This study employed a narrative review methodology to synthesize existing research on the application of UAVs across the pre-disaster, during and post-disaster phases of disaster management. A comprehensive search of relevant databases yielded a total of 1,986 articles. After removing duplicate records and screening titles, abstracts, and full texts based on predefined inclusion criteria, nine articles were selected for final analysis and review. FINDINGS: The findings were categorized into four main phases of disaster management: prevention and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. The reviewed studies demonstrated that UAVs play a significant role in improving situational awareness, damage assessment, Search and Rescue (SAR) operations, infrastructure monitoring, and recovery planning. Despite certain technical, regulatory, and operational challenges, the overall evidence highlights the substantial potential of UAVs to enhance disaster management effectiveness across all phases. CONCLUSION: According to the results of this review, systematic planning for the integration of UAV technology across various stages of disaster management is essential. Although challenges remain, these can be addressed through the adoption of advanced technologies such as deep learning algorithms, as well as improved equipment, software, and analytical tools for data collection and processing. Such advancements can significantly enhance the cost-effectiveness and operational value of UAVs, supporting more efficient disaster response, mitigation, and recovery strategies.

INTRODUCTION: Considering the important and sensitive position of Emergency Operations Centers (EOC) and little scientific research has been done on the subject, the purpose of this comparative study is to identify the structural and functional requirements of EOCs. METHODS: In this comparative research, structural and functional requirements and considerations of modern EOCs were extracted to facilitate the process of managing operations and responding to disasters by studying the guidelines and standards for the design and construction of modern EOCs, as well as examining the experiences of different countries in using and operating these centers. FINDINGS: By reviewing the studies, these components were extracted as the important structural and functional requirements of these centers including: common hazards in the region, the purpose of creating an EOC, the flexibility and multi-purpose nature of the EOC, audio and visual features of the operation control room, the number of administrative and operational positions, ergonomics and allocated space, required and technologies, the existence of a space for holding group meetings as well as people's rest, the amount of allocated budget and also the conditions of people's access to modern EOC. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, assessing the risks in the region and developing different possible scenarios, along with paying attention to the structural and functional requirements of modern EOCs based on the obtained criteria, can improve the disaster management process.