درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The purpose of this paper is to depict the link between human right principles and access to fresh water, which are intertwined and more importantly fresh water access is an integral part of universal human rights. It aims to convey that the provision of fresh water to people needs to be covered by relevant judiciary system, so that it can protect people of any denial/ hindrance to fresh water access and in the case of violation, how they can find legal solution. Consequently, point out how legal venues can be used to address any violations or shortcomings in regard to provision of fresh water to people. The notion that the people are rights holders and governments are deemed as primary duty bearers to provide fresh water safely and affordable requires recognizing the legality of it by local, national or state. In the nutshell, provision of fresh water is not an advantage given to the people, but is the people’s right, albeit observing affordability and safely factors. Every local and national governing bodies has to consider managing the supply of fresh water as well as incorporate the enforcement clauses in their legal system. In case local/national legal system does not have the framework to address the issues regarding potential denial/dispute about supply of fresh water, the Regional Human Right Courts and other remedial mechanisms are another legal venue to ensure that laws are interpreted consistently according to international human rights within the framework of holistic consideration of people’s dignity and equality.

favorable with the Western-oriented attitude and the History of Iran Cambridge is a prominent example. The authors of the 7th volume of the Cambridge History of Iran briefly were reviewed the political and economic transitions of Iran during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, without scientific and analytical explanation, and they passed by it descriptively.The important point was disregard their of British colonial policy in the political and economic transitions and foreign relations of Iran during the Qajar period and the Pahlavi dynasty.

Since the Islamic Republic victory, the leaders of the revolution have consistently emphasized that the revolution's Islamic nature has sparked significant transformations in the regional and international order. Grounded in religious beliefs and values, the Islamic revolution has drawn upon Iran's rich cultural, political, and social background, making it a fertile and productive force for change. The first step towards change was the internal political and social transformation of Iran, culminating in the establishment of the Islamic Republic under the banner of "Revolution in the Name of God." This revolution led to transformations in all material and spiritual dimensions of the existing international system. The Islamic Revolution has invalidated materialistic and atheistic theories that explain and interpret revolutions. It has presented a new interpretation and thought based on unity and spirituality and recognized human dignity and social justice globally. The revolution has demonstrated the possibility of forming a community based on justice and spirituality, revived hope in the Islamic and Arab world regarding the defeat of imperialism and Zionism, empowered the front of truth against the front of falsehood, changed the political map of the world, awakened the Islamic nation, changed the balance of power in the Middle East and the world, and presented a model for liberation movements worldwide. These outcomes have had a significant impact on the material and spiritual structures of the international system. The present study, with a descriptive and analytical method and based on the guidance and intellectual framework of the esteemed Leader, will attempt to describe and explain their perspective of the necessity and feasibility assessment of transformation in the new global order

In recent decades, differences, competitions, increased distrust, and conflicts between the countries bordering the Persian Gulf, as well as the presence and influence of extra-regional countries, have made it impossible to achieve comprehensive and lasting security arrangements, and on this basis, Arab countries in the region have sought to place themselves under the protective umbrella of other powers. In this regard, and after the Islamic Revolution, the major conflicting interests of the Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region with the Islamic Republic of Iran have made the realization of a security order more difficult and faced it with serious challenges. Especially during the past two decades, simultaneous with the increase in Iran's regional power, with the support of the United States, a groundwork has been provided for reconciliation and rapprochement between the Zionist regime of Israel and the Arab states in the region. In this context, it seems that the policy of reconciliation and convergence in Tel Aviv may have implications and consequences for the establishment of security arrangements in the region. Accordingly, the main question of the research is: what impact can the convergence of the Israeli regime and the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf have on the process of achieving regional security arrangements? The research hypothesis is that the expansion and development of Tel Aviv's relations with the governments of the Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region can make it difficult to achieve an internal security order by complicating regional equations and intensifying security problems in the region. The research method is qualitative and with an analytical-explanatory approach, and the data have been collected from library and internet sources. The balancing of threats theory has also been used to explain the research topic.

Over the last thirty years, the significance of the regional level has surged to a point where "international security" is now often viewed as a product of "regional security." Regional powers, including Iran, are emerging as pivotal and influential actors. It is believed that regional powers must hold a significant advantage in power resources compared to other states in their region. Studies of regional powers through the lens of international system transformations indicate that states must enhance their interests and power indicators, such as economic and military strength, to stabilize their position as regional powers. This enhancement can lead to a security dilemma, with other states striving to boost their capabilities in response. Conversely, some states might take advantage of power vacuums to establish themselves as regional powers. Regional powers typically boast large populations, high GDP, strong conventional military forces, and, in some cases, nuclear weapons. Achieving regional power status offers extensive benefits but also involves significant responsibilities. This article aims to outline the agenda of regional powers and specifically highlights Iran’s evolving role as a regional leader.