درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Epidemiology studies the prevalence of a disease or injury in a particular society. In fact, the focus is on the study of injury type, body part of injury, the duration of an athlete's absence from sports, severity, treatment costs due to the injury, etc. Taekwondo is one of the most popular sports in Iran which has high injuries due to its contact nature.Aim: This study aimed to identify gaps, and address challenges in the literature on injuries among Iranian taekwondo athletes. To achieve this, the study reviewed research on taekwondo injuries among Iranian athletes, with a specific focus on the incidence rate of injuries, the most commonly injured body locations, the types of injuries, and other epidemiological indexes.Materials and Methods: To conduct the study, databases including "sid.ir", "Magiran", "Iran doc", "Google Scholar", "ScienceDirect", "Scopus", and "PubMed" were searched using keywords including "taekwondo", "taekwondo injury", "epidemiology", "injury rate", "Iranian taekwondo", "sport epidemiology" and "Iran epidemiology". Articles relevant to the subject published between 2005 and 2023 were selected for analysis, focusing specifically on studies related to the epidemiology of taekwondo injuries in Iranian athletes.Results: Total of 70 research were found. The analysis showed sprain and strain with 38.70% and bruises with 30.60% as the most reported types of injury, lower extremity injured mostly with the average of 33.12%.Conclusion: The gap of considering the injury type and severity was observed in most studies. The nature of injury and injury chronometry are of indexes paid less attention as well. Regard to the studies, injuries in the lower extremity are mostly occurred in Iranian taekwondo athletes. A study in epidemiology of taekwondo injuries included all epidemiological indexes in Iranian taekwondo athletes is necessary.

Background: Metabolic diseases such as type 1 diabetes is considered the most important threat factor for cardiovascular complaint. Although the pathological mechanisms underpinning the development of T1D are delicate to define, better understanding of the molecular aspects is most important to identify new remedial targets.Aim: Evaluating of the effect of two selected resistance and recreational sport activities on microRNA-148a expression and some biomarkers in children with type 1 diabetes.Materials and Methods: Twenty type 1 diabetic children were assigned randomly to resistance exercise (RE), (n=10, age=12.6 years), and recreational sport activities (RSA), (n=10, age=12.4 years) groups. Participants engaged in an 8-week exercise training, 3 sessions/week. The miR-148-a, HbA1c, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels have been assessed before and after exercise interventions.Results: Following the exercise interventions, the concentration of miR-148-a exhibited a non-significant increase in both groups. Nevertheless, no significant differences were noted in the reduction of insulin resistance or in the levels of insulin itself (P≤ 0.05). The level of HbA1c decreased but the cardio-respiratory endurance of subjects increased.Conclusion: Both the resistance and recreational sport activities were effective to improve in cardiorespiratory fitness, diabetic markers, and miR-148a changes that seem to be indicative of the pathological status of type 1 diabetic children.

This research aimed to provide a model for improving the interactions of spectators of sports events using virtual and augmented reality technologies. The study population included technology experts, management experts, and sports specialists. Purposeful sampling and snowball sampling techniques were used to conduct 15 in-depth interviews, and data were analyzed using the Geo-analysis method. The analysis revealed 97 initial codes, 21 themes, and three dimensions of conditions, solutions, and consequences for improving spectators' experience. The conditions included hardware and software advances, popularity of games and entertainment programs, strong broadband networks, investment from federations and organizations, durability and battery limitations, and resistance from traditional spectators. To address these conditions, experts proposed developing and improving virtual and augmented reality hardware, encouraging spectators, using novel modeling and simulation techniques, producing quality content, and educating spectators.  The consequences of utilizing these technologies were increasing spectator engagement and interaction, improving the quality of experience, generating more revenue for organizers, attracting more spectators, enhancing satisfaction, and fostering a sense of presence among fans and athletes. The study demonstrates that purposeful implementation of virtual and augmented reality technologies can enhance the spectating experience, increasing enjoyment and satisfaction.

Aims: The study aims to explore the effects of exercise causality orientations and behaviour regulation on mental, physical and spiritual well-being in Pakistani adults. The goal is to investigate the health-promoting lifestyle pattern in the community to compare cross-country results in future cross-sectional studies. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional correlational study was conducted through a purposive sample. A total of 184 adults were taken from educational and sports institutes in Pakistan. Valid and reliable instruments were used to conduct descriptive and inferential statistics through IBM SPSS v.25. Only English-proficient adults were included in the study. Results: The independent variables, effects of exercise, causality orientations, and behaviour regulation significantly affect mental, physical and spiritual well-being. The mediating variable of health-promoting lifestyle has a significant effect on lifestyle in terms of health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations and stress management on behaviour regulation and overall well-being Conclusion: The induction of physical and cultural promotion is integral in Pakistani educational and sports systems. Keywords: exercise causality, behaviour, mental, physical, spiritual, health,

Objective : This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of Sportspersonship, competitive anger, and aggression among professional and recreational female football players in Iran. Method: Utilizing an applied, causal-comparative design, data were collected from 330 participants—150 professional players from the Iranian Women’s Premier League and 180 recreational players active in Tehran. Three validated instruments were employed: the Sportspersonship Questionnaire Vallerand and Brière (1), the Competitive Anger Scale Maxwell and Moores (2) and the Aggression Questionnaire Buss and Perry (3). statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 24. One Sample T-Test and independent t-test were used. Results : The findings of the study showed that the levels of aggression, anger, and violence in professional and recreational female soccer players are significantly higher than average. There is a significant difference between the levels of anger and violence among professional and recreational female soccer players. The results revealed that professional players exhibited significantly higher levels of competitive anger than recreational players. However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of Sportspersonship. Conclusions : These findings underscore the need for targeted psychological and behavioral interventions to address competitive anger and promote ethical behavior, particularly in professional women’s football. Emphasizing Sportspersonship and ethical conduct can contribute to a healthier sporting culture and mitigate the normalization of aggressive behaviors in both competitive and recreational contexts.

This study aims to examine the validity of prescribed AI-generated exercise interventions for general health and weight loss. This study developed an AI-generated exercise program using the Delphi method. The Delphi process involved administering a structured questionnaire within the relevant domain, whereby a panel of experts evaluated the appropriateness of the program. To assess validity, three established measures were employed: the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), the Content Validity Index (CVI), and the Impact Score (IS). In addition, the Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient (κ) was calculated to determine the degree of agreement (reliability) among the experts. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software version 27 and Microsoft Excel. The IS indicates that all exercises achieved the required level of validity. Also, based on the CVI and CVR, all exercises demonstrated acceptable content validity for general health and weight loss. However, the negative kappa value suggests poor agreement among the experts for the mentioned variables. The findings indicate that while platforms such as ChatGPT-4o can produce broadly appropriate exercise content, expert agreement on the validity of these protocols was very low. Accordingly, AI should be viewed as a supplementary tool that can assist in designing individualized health and weight management programs.