مطالب

The present study aims to present an analytical review of the relationship between development-driven education and environmental improvement. Previous research in this field has often examined the effect of environmental pollution on the human development index in general. However, this study uniquely focuses on a separate review of human development indicators on the environment and education. Thus, this study applied an econometric method using Eviews13 software during the years 1990-2023. The analytical review of the effect of development-driven education on environmental improvement, with an emphasis on the human development index, was conducted among selected countries of the Middle East (United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Qatar, Turkey, Syria, Cyprus, and Saudi Arabia) and Iran. The dependent variable in this paper was CO2 emission, and the independent variables included education, health, standard of living (a measure to evaluate the human development index), fossil fuel consumption, and the growth rate of the urban population. The results of the study in the Middle Eastern countries indicate that the measurement dimensions of the human development index have a negative and significant effect on environmental pollution. Higher human development is beneficial for the environment and mitigates CO2 emissions and other pollutants. Additionally, this protects the environment by lowering pressure on natural resources. The variables of urbanization rate and fossil fuel consumption have a positive effect on the level of air pollution. In addition, the results of the study in Iran demonstrate that fossil fuel consumption and urbanization are factors that directly influence the country’s air pollution, and the measurement dimensions of the human development index. No significant relationship was found regarding education (average years of education for adults), but a negative and significant effect was shown on environmental pollution.

The wave scroll motif is among the designs that, nowadays, are mainly seen in rural and nomadic carpets in a wide geographical area, from Central Asia to Anatolia and the Caucasus, as well as Iran. Historically, this motif originates from Hellenistic art and is still used in oriental carpets today. The purpose of this article is to find out how and the possible time of the arrival of this pattern from Greek art to Iranian carpets using archaeological evidence, including old museum carpets. Using valuable motifs of Sassanian Carpets, this article tracks the transfer of this motif from the Hellenic-Byzantine civilization to the art of pre-Islamic Iran and in various artistic disciplines such as pottery and textiles to clarify this motif’s long journey from pre-Islamic art to the Islamic period. This study shows that the motif was most likely known since the Seleucid period in the Persianate world, but the most evidence of it can be seen in the art of the Parthian and Sasanian periods, furthermore the findings show that this motif was used at least from late Parthian era on the border of hand-made textiles like carpets.

As one of the driving forces of the modern economy, small and medium businesses play a significant role in improving employment opportunities, encouraging the increase of exports, and strengthening technological innovations. The purpose of this research is to present the branding model of consumer goods with a social responsibility approach. The research is exploratory in nature and mixed-in approach. In the qualitative part of the research and using the Delphi method, 30 university experts in the fields of management and marketing, organizational experts, management, and economics included senior managers, professors, and related to the field of management and economics. The quantitative section is an applied research purpose. Using the designed questionnaire after its validation process, it was distributed among the statistical sample (small and medium business experts) and finally led to the extraction and identification of variables. The statistical population was 5450 people, based on Cochran's formula, 357 people were randomly selected as a sample. The variables were identified using the Delphi method, and finally, the model was validated using the smart.pls, software. Based on research literature and experts' opinions, a total of 62 factors were identified. The fuzzy Delphi approach was used to screen the indicators and identify the final indicators, 55 indicators were extracted in the first round, 51 indicators in the second round, and 46 indicators in the third round. The identified barriers were identified in four dimensions, sales management, reasonable price, customer needs, and high accessibility, which have been assigned the first to fourth ranks. Validation of the model also showed that the numerical value of the GOF index was equal to 0.546, which is a strong index and shows the overall high quality of the model. Therefore, based on the results obtained from the research findings, it is suggested that arrangements be made based on knowledge and communication and information innovations to promote the branding of consumer goods with a social responsibility approach.