درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Strong reading comprehension skills and reading motivation are essential for personal growth, academic success, and overall well-being. Developing these skills can positively impact individuals' lives in various ways. Thus, this investigation aimed to examine the influence of massed and spaced instructions on the reading comprehension and reading motivation of Iranian EFL students. The researchers selected 150 Iranian participants from 300 based on their Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) performance. The selected intermediate participants were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (massed and spaced) and one control group. The participants were given a reading comprehension pretest and post-test and a reading motivation questionnaire before and after the treatment. Three groups were provided with instruction on reading skills by English texts and new words from American English File 3. The massed group received a 90-minute session for each text, whereas the spaced group received three 30-minute sessions; the first session lasted 30 minutes, followed by two more sessions, each lasting 30 minutes, scheduled two days apart. The results of data analysis utilizing one-way ANOVA showed a considerable difference between the post-tests of the spaced and massed groups compared to the control group. The findings demonstrated that the spaced group outperformed the massed and control groups (p < .05) in terms of reading comprehension and reading motivation. The results have some pedagogical implications for English instructors, learners, and curriculum developers.

Today, with the virtualization of education, schools no longer have their former identity and the sense of belonging to the school among students is decreasing, so it is necessary to provide educational solutions to improve the sense of belonging to the school. Collaborative learning was carried out on belonging to the school of secondary school students. The present research method was semi-experimental in terms of practical nature and in terms of the intervention method. The research population was 60 second high school students of Sanandaj city, in two intervention groups and one control group. The research tools included reverse learning package (Mahmodi et al., 2023), GI cooperative learning package (Kazemi et al., 2022) and Brown and Evans (2002) sense of belonging to school questionnaire were used to analyze the effectiveness of the analytical test. Covariance was used. Based on the results of the educational intervention, the pattern of reverse learning and cooperative learning has a positive and significant effect on students' belonging to the school (sig<0.05). Also, the findings showed that there is a significant difference between teaching the reverse learning educational program and teaching based on cooperative learning on belonging to the school of students (sig <0.05). Reverse learning is more effective on belonging to the school than cooperative learning. Therefore, based on the results of education based on reverse learning, considering the increase of student involvement in class activities and strengthening the motivations of attending the classroom, it can be effective on belonging to the school of students.

این پژوهش با هدف پیش بینی سرزندگی تحصیلی بر اساس جهت گیری هدفی، خوشبینی تحصیلی و تاب آوری دانش آموزان دوره متوسطه دوم شهر پلدختر بود. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است که به شیوه پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل دانش آموزان دوره متوسطه دوم شهر پلدختر به تعداد 1539 نفر و حجم نمونه آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران 308 نفر بدست آمد که با شیوه نمونه گیری در دسترس انجام گرفت. پرسشنامه سرزندگی تحصیلی مارتین و مارش، خوش بینی تحصیلی اسچنن- موران و همکاران و تاب آوری کونور و دیویدسون به عنوان ابزار پژوهش مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین جهت گیری هدفی، خوشبینی تحصیلی و تاب آوری با سرزندگی تحصیلی در دانش آموزان رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین طبق نتایج رگرسیون، متغیرهای جهت گیری هدف (تبحری، رویکردی و اجتنابی)، خوش بینی تحصیلی (اعتماد دانش آموزان به معلمان، تأکید تحصیلی و یگانگی به مدرسه) و تاب آوری (تصور شایستگی فردی، تحمل عاطفه منفی، مهار و کنترل، روابط ایمن، تاثیرات معنوی) پیش بینی کننده سرزندگی تحصیلی دانش آموزان هستند (p<%5). در پژوهش حاضر مشخص شد که جهت گیری هدفی، خوشبینی تحصیلی و تاب آوری؛ سرزندگی تحصیلی را در دانش آموزان پیش بینی می کنند، بنابراین پیشنهاد می گردد مدیران مدارس و سایر مسئولان آموزشی با برگزاری جلسات و کارگاه های آموزش جهت گیری هدفی، خوشبینی تحصیلی و تاب آوری در راستای ارتقاء سرزندگی تحصیلی دانش آموزان اقدام نمایند.

Background and Objectives: Today, strategic planning is considered a way to help increase productivity and achieve organizational goals, and it has become more necessary at Farhangian University as a new organization. Therefore, the current research was conducted to develop Farhangian University's strategic educational program. Methods: The research method is mixed, quantitative, and qualitative. The statistical population included all professors, officials, deputies, and education experts of Farhangian University of Alborz Province. In the qualitative section, sixteen people and in the quantitative section, 50 people were selected based on random sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire with reliability (0.943) in the quantitative part. Findings: Findings showed that threats (3.49), weaknesses (3.48), strengths (3.22), and opportunities (3.21) are more effective, respectively. As a result, a suitable teaching strategy at Farhangian University is a defensive strategy. The proposed solutions are presented in 4 sections: Conservative (so), Conservative (St), Defensive (wt), and Defensive (WT). Conclusion: As a result, the university has developed quantitatively and qualitatively using a suitable defensive strategy.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-efficacy training in reducing perfectionism and enhancing self-worth among gifted high school students. A randomized controlled trial design was employed with 40 gifted high school students randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). The intervention group participated in an eight-session self-efficacy training program, while the control group received no intervention. Both groups were assessed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at a four-month follow-up. Perfectionism and self-worth were measured using validated scales. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in perfectionism scores from baseline (M = 72.45, SD = 5.28) to post-intervention (M = 64.32, SD = 6.15) and follow-up (M = 66.89, SD = 5.92) compared to the control group, which showed no significant change. Similarly, self-worth scores in the intervention group increased significantly from baseline (M = 32.19, SD = 4.15) to post-intervention (M = 38.45, SD = 3.92) and follow-up (M = 36.98, SD = 4.20), whereas the control group showed no significant change. The ANOVA results indicated significant main effects of time (F(2, 76) = 27.12, p < .001) and group (F(1, 76) = 102.95, p < .001) for perfectionism, and time (F(2, 76) = 24.65, p < .001) and group (F(1, 76) = 111.30, p < .001) for self-worth, with significant interaction effects for both variables. Self-efficacy training is effective in reducing perfectionism and enhancing self-worth among gifted high school students. The positive effects were maintained at a four-month follow-up, suggesting the potential long-term benefits of such interventions in this population.