درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The current research aimed to identify the opportunities of hosting mega sports events (case study: Qatar). Methods and Materials: interpretive paradigm, qualitative approach, and foundational data theorizing strategy were utilized with an emergent or Glazerian approach. The research participants were experts in sports events, such as sports managers, sports management professors, sports experts, and experienced athletes participating in international events. The theoretical sampling method was purposeful, and the persons were consciously selected. The semi-structured interview instrument collected the most important and in-depth information by referring to them. The criterion was the realization of theoretical saturation, which was finally conducted in 14 semi-structured interviews. Interpretive analysis using actual coding and theoretical coding was applied to analyze the content of the interviews. The reliability of the interviews was achieved through reviewing and modifying the findings and confirming the coding of each interview by the interviewee. The reliability of the interviews was confirmed by exploiting process audit and intra-subject agreement of 72%. Findings: 48 opportunities were identified in hosting the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar in 6 categories: "political" with six factors, "economic" with 8, "socio-cultural" with 9, "sports industry" with 8, "Infrastructure and services" with 12 and "environment" with 4. Conclusion: By examining the opportunities of holding the mega event of the World Cup in Qatar, it is suggested to the sports administrators of the countries to host sports events to be seen on the world stage and to give international prestige to their count

Purpose: One of the inherent duties of the Cultural and Social Affairs Department of Farhangian University is to extend the governance of cultural and social spheres across all dimensions of the university. In this regard, numerous and diverse plans and activities have been implemented in recent years. The aim of this article is to analyze the cultural and social activities conducted at the university level and to provide an optimal model in this context. Methodology: The Three-Branch Model was used as a theoretical framework. The method employed was mixed, comprising both qualitative and quantitative sections. The qualitative sample population included 30 cultural experts selected through purposive sampling. The quantitative sample population consisted of 194 active members of student organizations, chosen through stratified random sampling. Data collection techniques included in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Findings: The findings indicate that structural factors (0.195), behavioral factors (0.368), and contextual factors (0.312) play significant roles in the formation of issues and problems in cultural and social programs and activities. Additionally, the regression results show that 63% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by these three variables: structural factors, contextual factors, and behavioral factors. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the structural, behavioral, and contextual factors play significant roles in sha

Purpose: Academic procrastination detrimentally affects students' other academic performances. Consequently, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training on students' academic procrastination. Methodology: This quasi-experimental research involved two experimental groups and one control group, with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design. The study population consisted of all female twelfth-grade students in both public and private schools in Bojnurd during the 2023-2024 academic year. The sample included 45 students selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into three equal groups (each group containing 15 students). The first experimental group underwent twelve 90-minute sessions of instructional mental imagery training, and the second experimental group received nine 90-minute sessions of tolerance of ambiguity training based on the cognitive-behavioral approach, while the control group received no training. Data were collected using the Solomon and Rothblum (1984) Academic Procrastination Questionnaire and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test in SPSS-25. Findings: The findings indicated significant differences between groups in terms of reducing students' academic procrastination. Both the instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training methods significantly reduced academic procrastination in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training methods in reducing students' academic procrastination (P>0.05). Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of both instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training methods in reducing students' academic procrastination, school counselors and psychologists can utilize these methods alongside other educational approaches to reduce academic procrastination.

Purpose: One of the fields with the highest number of students at Farhangian University is Primary Education. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of the Primary Education program at Farhangian University based on the CIPP model. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of objective and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method. The study population included faculty members, educational group managers, and graduates of Primary Education from Farhangian University campuses in Tehran province during 2019-2022, and primary school principals in Tehran city in 2022. The sample size was estimated to be 276 individuals (20 faculty members, 6 educational group managers, 200 graduates of Primary Education, and 50 primary school principals) selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with faculty members and educational group managers and a researcher-made questionnaire filled out by all sample members. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding methods and examining the desirability of axial and selective codes. Findings: The findings indicated that for the quality of the Primary Education program at Farhangian University based on the CIPP model, 88 open codes, 31 axial codes, and 7 selective codes were identified. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the status of the Primary Education program at Farhangian University based on the CIPP model was not at a desirable level and improvement of the identified open, axial, and selective codes in this research is necessary for enhancement.