درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study aims to enhance the quality of higher education by introducing a model of a competent professor in Iran’s higher education system. Among the elements of the education system, the teacher element is the most important one, so professors and teachers are the underlying agents for the renewal of pedagogy. It is hoped that the lack of effective position of man in traditional education of architecture is removed in contemporary architecture education by investigating the human component, profound vision, and principles that architect masters acquired when they were solving the problems ruling the implementation of the building, creating a relationship between new building and teaching these principles in details and accurately to their students. To achieve this, a qualitative study employing a content analysis approach was conducted. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were used to collect data. The main question of this study is whether students of Selected universities in Iran can identify the characteristics of a competent professor. The information indicates that the averages of the total dimensions of human existence, cognitive dimension, wisdom dimension, and skill dimension were reported as 3.605, 3.701, 4.097, and 3.017, respectively. It can be seen that the average score for the total score, as well as the average score for the cognitive dimension, was above average. The average score for the wisdom dimension was desirable and excellent, while the average score for the skill dimension was poor.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment and the Compassion-Based Approach on suicidal ideation and spiritual well-being in women victims of domestic violence. Methods: This study is applied in terms of its purpose and quasi-experimental in nature and method, utilizing a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design with a control group. The study population comprised all women victims of domestic violence who sought help from social emergency centers and family counseling clinics in Tehran during the second half of 2023. The sample consisted of 51 participants who were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The first experimental group received an eight-session (90-minute each) Compassion-Based Therapy intervention program, while the second experimental group received a ten-session (60-minute each) Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment program at these centers. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data collection tools included the Violence Against Women Questionnaire by Haj-Yahya (2001), the Beck and Steer Suicidal Ideation Scale (1991), and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982). The obtained data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS 27 software. Findings: The study findings indicate that both Compassion-Based Therapy and Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment led to a reduction in suicidal ideation and an increase in spiritual well-being in the experimental groups. Additionally, considering the mean difference, Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment had a greater effect than the Compassion-Based Approach in reducing suicidal ideation and enhancing spiritual well-being (p < .05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, Compassion-Based Therapy and Unified Transdiagnostic Treatment are effective approaches for improving spirituality and reducing suicidal ideation in women victims of domestic violence. Psychologists and family specialists are encouraged to utilize these findings to enhance the quality of family life.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on internalized shame, marital disaffection, and inclination toward divorce in couples who had experienced infidelity. Methods: This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples who, due to experiencing infidelity by their spouses, referred to licensed counseling and psychotherapy centers of the Iranian Psychological and Counseling Organization, the State Welfare Organization, or psychiatrists licensed by the Iranian Medical Council (Anis Andisheh Clinic) in District 3 of Tehran, during the first quarter of 2024. In this study, the sample size for each of the experimental groups and the control group was 16 people (8 women and 8 men), and a total of 32 individuals were selected. According to the quasi-experimental design, they were chosen through convenience sampling from among volunteers and then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups by lottery. Data collection instruments included the Internalized Shame Scale by Cook (1993), the Marital Disaffection Scale by Kaiser (1993), and the Inclination Toward Divorce Scale by Rusbult et al. (1986). In this study, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy consisted of eight weeks of two-hour sessions based on the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy protocol by Crane. Findings: The results of data analysis indicated that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy had an effect on internalized shame, marital disaffection, and inclination toward divorce in couples who had experienced infidelity. Conclusion: Considering the results, it can be stated that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy influences the research variables. It is suggested that further studies be conducted in this area to enhance external validity.

Objective: Considering the significance of population and its optimal growth in Iran, the present study examined the low motivation of young couples for childbearing in Shiraz by developing a conceptual model using a quantitative approach. Methods: This research is applied in terms of its goal. The statistical population of this study includes all young couples without children in Shiraz in 2021 (based on the 2016 census, approximately 14% of couples are childless). According to the population size, the number of questions, Cochran's formula, and the G-power sample adequacy index, the approximate sample size consisted of 300 young childless couples, who were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, and based on factor analysis, the conceptual model of factors was explained and extracted. To test the model, the structural equation modeling approach was employed. The software used in this research was SPSS and AMOS. Findings: The results showed significant differences between the component of economic support and the components of personal growth inhibition, body self-concept, semantic attitude, communicative attitude, and social judgment. According to the model's fit indices, it was observed that the X2/df index was equal to 3.70, which is at an acceptable level. Additionally, the values of the RMSEA index were 0.08, CFI was 0.843, FMIN was 3.21, NFI was 0.798, ECVI was 3.70, and IFI was 0.844, all of which were at an appropriate level. Therefore, the model had a good fit. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it is recommended that researchers focus on improving attitudes in the areas of body self-concept, social judgment, semantic attitude, and communicative attitudes regarding childbearing.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in reducing negative affect, improving emotional processing, and enhancing psychological hardiness in women experiencing domestic violence. Methods and Materials: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 participants, divided equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent eight 90-minute ACT sessions over eight weeks, while the control group received no treatment. Outcomes were assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and five-month follow-up stages using validated tools for Negative Affect, Emotional Processing, and Psychological Hardiness. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, with SPSS-27. Findings: Significant improvements were observed in the intervention group across all variables. For Negative Affect, mean scores decreased from 3.52 (SD = 0.45) at pre-intervention to 2.89 (SD = 0.39) post-intervention and 2.45 (SD = 0.33) at follow-up (F(1,28) = 30.19, p = 0.001, η² = 0.52). Emotional Processing scores increased from 3.20 (SD = 0.40) to 3.80 (SD = 0.37) post-intervention and 4.25 (SD = 0.31) at follow-up (F(1,28) = 34.38, p = 0.001, η² = 0.55). Psychological Hardiness improved from 3.15 (SD = 0.38) to 3.95 (SD = 0.35) post-intervention and 4.10 (SD = 0.32) at follow-up (F(1,28) = 36.57, p = 0.001, η² = 0.58). The control group showed minimal changes across all measures. Conclusion: ACT was highly effective in reducing negative affect, improving emotional processing, and enhancing psychological hardiness in women experiencing domestic violence. The results suggest that ACT is a valuable therapeutic approach for this population, with sustained benefits over time.

Objective: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group compassion training and group choice theory training on mindfulness and needs satisfaction in couples at risk of divorce in Rasht. Methods: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and control group, including a follow-up phase. The statistical population consisted of couples at risk of divorce who referred to counseling centers approved by the Welfare Organization of Rasht in 2023. A total of 60 participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (compassion training and choice theory training) and one control group (20 participants in each group). The research utilized the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale as the main instruments. Both interventions were conducted in eight 90-minute sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS 26. Findings: The results revealed significant differences in the effectiveness of group compassion training and group choice theory training (p < .01). Group compassion training was found to be more effective than choice theory training in improving mindfulness and needs satisfaction. Both training types significantly impacted mindfulness and needs satisfaction in couples at risk of divorce (p < .01). Conclusion: Both group compassion training and group choice theory training were effective in improving mindfulness and needs satisfaction among couples at risk of divorce, with compassion training showing greater effectiveness. These findings suggest that compassion training may provide a more suitable approach for enhancing psychological well-being in couples facing marital challenges.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the sources that shape mental constructs in the minds of the participants and their strategies for bringing their own lives closer to that of a successful marriage. Methods: This study employs a qualitative method. Research data were collected through 30 in-depth interviews with 15 Tehranian couples. The data were coded using MAXQDA software, version 2020. The number of participants was determined upon reaching saturation. In the first stage of coding, a total of 860 codes or initial concepts were extracted from the interview transcripts. Findings: The findings of the study indicate that mental constructs of marriage are acquired, modifiable, and constructed entities that are the result of family upbringing and parental relationships, the dominant society and culture, and personal experiences after marriage. The strategies provided by participants for maintaining or achieving a successful marriage amounted to 51 suggestions and strategies, with the highest levels of agreement and recurrence around concepts such as patience, mutual respect, learning problem-solving skills, self-restraint, and communication. Conclusion: This study highlights that mental constructs of successful marriage are shaped by family, lived experiences, and societal influences, emphasizing the importance of empathy, mutual respect, and communication for marital satisfaction and stability.

Personality as an individual factor is one way of describing human characteristics, usually referred to as a number of relatively stable behavioral traits or characteristics. This systematic review reviewed all related Iranian studies in international databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and national databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID) and Magiran which was published between 2002 and 2024. The following keywords and combinations of them were used to search the databases: “personality characteristics” “life expectancy,” “quality of work life,” and “work-life balance”. Personality characteristics significantly influence various aspects of life, including life expectancy, quality of work life, and work-life balance. Research indicates that traits such as conscientiousness, neuroticism, and overall personality profiles can contribute to both individual and organizational outcomes. Personality traits, such as conscientiousness and emotional stability, significantly impact life expectancy, job satisfaction, and work-life balance by promoting healthier lifestyles and well-being. Understanding these influences can inform interventions to improve health outcomes and workplace dynamics.