درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

It is assumed that web-based dynamic assessment will continue to thrive and have a profound role in pedagogy. In this regard, explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was selected to consider the effect of web-based dynamic assessment on learners' autonomy. To this end, a sample of 60 male EFL learners at high school were chosen at non-random and categorized into two groups of web-based dynamic assessment and the control group based on the convenience sampling method. the learners’ autonomy questionnaire was used as a data gathering tool for pretest and posttest in autonomy. The high school students exposed to web-based DA via a designed web based on the level and requirements of the students in grammar, however, the learners in the control group learned the grammar by the traditional or conventional method of instruction. Based on the results of Mann-Whitney U test, the learners’ autonomy means scores in web-based DA increased in comparison to those of the control group. The platform and methods employed in this study produce results that are encouraging for the field of language instruction and could produce motivational outcomes in the future. The pedagogical implications of the study

One of the significant factors in EFL learning is teacher effectiveness which is of high importance since teachers are really and directly engaged in language learning as the final aim of English classes. This study aimed at designing and validating a Critical Pedagogy-Based Teacher Effectiveness Scale for Iranian EFL teachers. In so doing, an exploratory mixed-methods design was used. The participants of the qualitative phase included 20 male and female Iranian English teachers who were selected through available sampling. In the quantitative phase, 200 male and female Iranian English teachers participated through available sampling. To collect the data, a semi-structured interview was used. To analyze the data, qualitative thematic analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s Alpha Test were used. According to the results, the Critical Pedagogy-Based Teacher Effectiveness Scale for Iranian EFL teachers was developed in 42 Likert items in three sub-scales including pedagogical effectiveness (items 1 to 23), socio-cultural effectiveness (items 24 to 33), and empowering effectiveness (items 34 to 42). Six items were omitted in EFA and 36 items remained in the final scale. It was designed in a four-point Likert range from 1= strongly disagree to 4= strongly agree. It was shown that the developed scale is valid and reliable. The findings have some implications for EFL teachers, learners, teacher education instructors and policy makers

Résumé : En cette ère inédite du XXIème siècle, marquée et envahie par une mondialisation agissante et omniprésente, le statut de l’individu, de son identité et de sa culture sont des composantes majeures à repenser en matière de sciences humaines et plus particulièrement, en didactique des langues-cultures. Chose qui, par intransigeance, nous amène à examiner de près, les différentes approches culturelles/identitaires que chaque sujet-lecteur manifeste distinctement en classe d’enseignement-apprentissage du FLE ; lieu par excellence où, le texte littéraire est fortement exploité. De ce fait, à travers cette étude, nous allons mettre en relief une compétence culturelle nouvelle qui, singulière, se formule chez nos sujets-lecteurs-mondialisés –citoyens du monde– que nous qualifierons de « compétence transculturelle ». De surcroît, réalisée dans divers champs culturels, notre travail de recherche a comme principale visée d’observer cette composante culturelle contingente qui se déploie formellement dans nos classes et que, jusqu’à présent, les textes officiels n’ont pas su mettre en exergue.

Au cours de l'histoire, notamment du XVIe jusqu’au XVIIIe siècle, lorsque le voyage des Européens, des prêtres aux écrivains et commerçants, vers la Perse, a connu une forte croissance, l’Arménie a trouvé également une place dans l’itinéraire de ces voyageurs . Toutefois, le nombre des Français passant par l’Arménie ne paraît point significatif par rapport au nombre total des voyageurs européens qui arrivaient en Iran. Cet article se propose d'examiner la place de l'Arménie, à cette période, dans le choix de l’itinéraire entre l'Iran et l'Europe par les voyageurs français, et de répondre à la question suivante : pourquoi les Français ont rarement choisi cette route pour rejoindre l'Iran ? Il semble que plusieurs facteurs fondamentaux aient joué un rôle dans ce domaine. Outre la situation géographique de l'Arménie, ainsi que le rôle de l’Empire Ottoman veillant à maintenir sa position de supériorité dans la région et de contrôler l'afflux de touristes vers la Perse, le rôle de l'Église arménienne paraît déterminant. L’Arménie souhaitait en effet rester à l'écart de la concurrence des voisins puissants de l'Iran, à savoir la Russie et l’Empire ottoman, et d'autre part, elle voyait les objectifs religieux des Européens en conflit avec les siens.

As an integral dimension of instruction, assessment determines whether or not the educational goals are being fulfilled. The present study was an attempt to investigate Iranian ESP instructors’ common classroom assessment practices. To this end, based on convenience sampling, eight different ESP teachers teaching BA students from a variety of departments at Rasht Islamic Azad University, Iran were selected. An observation checklist containing 31 items was used as the only data-gathering instrument of this study. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that some assessment practices including using portfolio to assess student progress, assessing group class participation, conducting item analysis for teacher-made tests, and writing matching questions were applied less frequently in the ESP classes. However, some assessment practices such as incorporating attendance in the calculation of grades and recognizing unethical, illegal, or inappropriate uses of assessment information were more likely to be used in the observed ESP classes. The instructors were also more likely to incorporate classroom behavior in the calculation of grades, incorporate extra credit activities in the calculation of grades, recognize unethical, illegal, or inappropriate assessment methods, and inform students how grades are to be assigned. It is concluded that ESP teachers utilize both traditional testing and alternative assessment for achieving a complementary process of assessment, and they call for an integration of them due to their importance in assessing both the process and product of learning. The results of this study may hopefully be beneficial for curriculum developers, materials developers, course and syllabus designers, teachers and teacher trainers, and the other stakeholders in the fields of language teaching and learning as well.