teachers

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between job performances of Technology Information Communications in public schools is an area of one Tabriz. The model in this study in relation to job performance According to Patterson (1992) in four dimensions, discipline at work, a sense of responsibility at work, cooperate, improve and Technology Information Communications at 7 pm; individual, attitudinal factors, educational factors, technological factors, economic factors, environmental factors, human factors and management have been considered. In addition, in this regard, a main hypothesis and four hypothesis is set. To test the hypothesis, job performance questionnaire, with 16 questions and Technology Information Communications questionnaire with 66 questions, the validity and reliability of the sample that teachers of public schools in Tabriz region137 people had been placed was. Analysis of data using descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as, correlation, and regression was performed through software Spss. The results showed that job performance and its components (discipline at work, a sense of responsibility at work, co-operation, improved work) there is a significant relationship with Technology Information Communications.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the components and factors affecting teacherschr('39') professional ethics and provide a model. Method: The method of the present study was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and in terms of purpose it was applicable research. The statistical population in the qualitative section included faculty member (disciplines of philosophy, sociology and education) and teachers who were theoretically familiar with the concept of professional ethics and therefore their selection was purposeful by sampling method. 20 people were interviewed until they reached theoretical saturation. Data was analyzed at three levels of open, central and selective coding. Validity of data assessed by ideas of experts and for reliability, the coefficient of agreement between the coders was used, which was 0.81. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was all primary school teachers in Tehran (7515) in the academic year 2018-2019, which according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 367 people were selected as the sample size by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Reliability of which was obtained by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha test of 0.85 Data were analyzed by SPSS, Lisrel and Amos softwares. Results: The findings showed that the components of professional ethics included "psychological characteristics", "communication-social characteristics", "technical-specialized characteristics" and "belief characteristics" and the effective factors included four factors: economic, social, organizational and individual. Quantitative results also showed that the professional ethics model can be predicted up to about 0.70 by the identified factors and the overall fit of the model was also confirmed (GOF = 0.44). Conclusion: Considering the predictive power of the identified factors for professional ethics, it can be concluded that the proposed model can be a good framework for improving the professional ethics of teachers.

Teachers pose different perspectives toward teaching. Some teachers share this attitude that teaching is just a job and a sole source of income, while others believe that teaching is a vocational and moralistic career associated with love, commitment, and devotion. This study, in the form of a qualitative grounded theory approach, aimed to deeply investigate the interrelationship of data emerged from teachers’ perspectives toward teaching as profession to develop a model in this regard. Therefore, twenty-six Iranian English teachers, teaching at schools and Farhang language institute, were requested to share their ideas as to how they view teaching as a profession. A semi-structured interview, in three sessions with 20 participants and focus-group interviews with 6 participants were conducted. Based on Corbin and Strauss's (2014) systematic steps for grounded theory, the data then transcribed and codified. The findings ended with an eight-factor model containing 40 categories. The factors include: a) source of income, b) decreasing motivation, c) poverty and inclination to become a teacher, d) insufficient salary, e) deteriorated quality of teaching, f) experience, g) society negative attitude, h) dissatisfaction. The proposed model opens a new window for teachers and reminds the government educational policymakers, training centers, ministry of education, and those who care about quality education and students’ academic achievements to observe income inequality, and salary differentials, increase teachers’ social status, and motivation, facilitate difficult working conditions, reduce resource wastage, support teachers appropriately, decrease teachers’ financial concerns, terminate the sense of socioeconomic inequality, and speak out the voices of marginalized teachers.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a standard model of teachers' professional competence on the basis of high-level documents. Methodology: This was an applied research in terms of purpose and was a sequential exploratory mixed study in terms of data collection. Data collection tools in the qualitative phase were the analysis of the content of high-level documents (Fundamental Reform Document of Education (FRDE), National Curriculum, Comprehensive Scientific Map of the Country, and 20-Year Perspective Document for Iran) to extract the components. In order to ensure the validity of the content analysis checklist, content and face validity method and expert opinion were used. The data in qualitative phase were analyzed through three open, axial and selective coding methods. The findings included 69 symbols in the open coding, where they were classified in the form of 4 concepts including recruitment, teacher education, teacher retention & promotion and evaluation in the axial coding. In the selective coding stage, a standard model of teachers' professional competence on the basis of high-level documents was developed. The research instrument in the quantitative phase was a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative results of the research. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in the field of education. Confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and divergent validity were used to evaluate the construct validity, and hybrid reliability was used to evaluate the construct reliability. As well as, in the quantitative phase of research, structural equations under Smart PLS software were used to evaluate the standard model of teachers' professional competence. Findings: According to the results of t-statistic, all factor loadings were significant at 99% confidence level and played a significant role in developing the standard model of teachers' professional competence on the basis of high-level documents of Education. Conclusion: The proposed model enjoyed an appropriate quality and was approved. Managers, teachers, and administrators in the education of teachers can employ the symbols, concepts, and categories identified in this study in their future planning to shape the teachers' professional competence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and quality of life with job satisfaction of teachers. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive correlational one in terms of purpose and method of data collection. The target population of this study was the teachers of Tehran city in 1998-99. 180 individuals were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Gannon Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (1981), Nachapithe and Guchal Social Capital Questionnaire (1998), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (1996). Findings: The results showed that social capital and quality of life had a significant positive relationship with teachers' job satisfaction. Also, structural capital, communication capital and cognitive capital and quality of life significantly predicted 48% of teachers' job satisfaction (P <0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that social validity and validity, which are the major components of teachers 'social capital, determine the quality of life and will lead to teachers' job motivation and job satisfaction.

Purpose: The aim of this research was validation and presenting a model for religion and life lesson based on resilient economy policies from the viewpoint of curriculum experts and relevant teachers. Methodology: Present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (quantitative and qualitative). The research population consisted of curriculum experts (118 people) and teacher of religion and life lesson of second high school (827 people) in Mazandaran province. Based on the Cochran formula, 92 people from the curriculum experts and 232 people from the teachers of religion and life lesson were selected by random sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire (40 items) that its formal and content validity was confirmed by the experts of educational sciences and its reliability was calculated with using Cronbach's alpha 0.924. The data were analyzed with the methods of descriptive (frequency and percent frequency index) and inferential statistics (chi-square test) with using SPSS-20 software. Findings: The results showed that from the viewpoint of curriculum experts and relevant teachers the curriculum of religion and life lesson based on resilient economy policies confirmed and there was no significant difference between the opinions in this two groups (P>0/05). Conclusion: Finally presenting a model for religion and life lesson based on resilient economy policies that curriculum experts and authors can use it to editing the book of religion and life.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to design a participatory decision-making model for teachers of the second year of secondary education in Lorestan province. In this regard, first, using library and field studies, the components of teachers' participatory decision-making were initially identified. Then, using interviews with experts and based on the Delphi method, the identified factors are finalized. Statistical society is given by the teachers of the second year of secondary education in Lorestan province. Methodology: The research was finalized using Delphi method including 5 main indicators of individual-personality traits, team-collective characteristics, communication-social characteristics, organizational characteristics and technical-specialized characteristics and related sub-indices. Then, using identified factors and based on interpretive structural modeling (ISM), a native model of teachers' participatory decision making was presented. Findings: Relationships between factors indicate the effectiveness of improving and eliminating challenges and promoting the participatory decision-making model of teachers. Conclusion: The factor of organizational characteristics is the most effective factor if factors such as individual-personality characteristics and communication-social characteristics have both effectiveness and effectiveness, as well as team-collective characteristics and technical-professional characteristics among the mentioned factors, only It is effective in determining the levels of effectiveness of the proposed indigenous model, practical suggestions were provided to address the challenges.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare teacher’s empowerment systems based on in-service trainings. Methodology: The present study was practical in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of data collection using a four-stage approach introduced by George. Z. Brady and John Stuart Mill’s method of agreement .The statistical population included countries (Canada, South Korea, Japan, Finland, and Australia, due to the absence of African countries in the ranking, Malaysia due to its close cultural and political context) according to the ranking in Legatum Success Index (2019) and the characteristics of pre-service and in-service teacher training (Arthur Donald chaker and Richard Hines, 1997) that was selected based on purposive sampling .The information needed to answer the questions of this research has been collected through library documents, research reports, encyclopedias and university statutes, and site searches. Findings: Research findings show that teacher’s professional development should be considered as a process system and their professional development should be systematically designed, supported, budgeted and reviewed. This system should promote and make teachers effective. Conclusion: Each country’s principals and officials considering regional requirements along with upstream documents implement different measures and programs to improve the quality of teacher’s empowerment programs

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design an environmental behavior model based on learning organization and social responsibility among high school teachers in Gorgan. Methodology: The method of this research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection in the category of descriptive research of correlation type and in terms of method in the form of research mixed with exploratory approach. Were done using purposive sampling method and using the principle of maximum diversity to achieve theoretical saturation. The statistical population in the quantitative part included all high school teachers (formal, contract and contract) in Gorgan in the academic year 2019-20, which in this study due to different areas (rural and urban) and suitable for both sexes (female and male) Stratified random sampling with proportional attribution was used and the total sample size was 234 people. In order to measure the variables in the qualitative method, in-depth semi-structured interview was used and in a small part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. Confirmatory factor analysis and patterning of structural equations were used to analyze the data and fit indicators were used to determine the fit and validity of the designed patterns using LISREL software. Findings: The results of qualitative analysis of the content of the interviews, 7 categories (main category) and 43 sub-categories were obtained. The main categories are: management and leadership, policy and strategy formulation, training missions, environmental awareness, environmental behavior, responsibility Social and organizational learning orientation. In the quantitative part of the research, to present the model of environmental behavior based on the learning organization and social responsibility, data normality test, sample adequacy test, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis and then structural research model was presented. . Based on the results of the quantitative analysis of the research, all hypotheses and indicators were in good condition. Conclusion: The results of qualitative analysis of the content of the interviews, 7 categories (main category) and 43 categories of results showed the first step towards achieving a model of environmental behavior based on learning organization and social responsibility in high school teachers in Gorgan, perspective study, Philosophy, rules and regulations of educational management of high school schools in Gorgan

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present a model of personal self-efficacy of secondary school teachers Methodology: The method of this research was qualitative and the data theory theory paradigm model was used. The statistical population included experts, specialists, officials and experts on education and faculty members in the fields of educational management and psychology, Using purposive sampling method with maximum diversity to achieve theoretical saturation, 21 people were interviewed as semi-structured interviews. For validity and validity of the data, two methods of reviewing participants and reviewing non-participating experts in the research were used. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA software during three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Findings: The findings showed that 27 general categories within the framework of the paradigm model, in three categories of effective planning and evaluation, environmental conditions and respect and motivational and social characteristics of the job (causal conditions), in seven categories of constructive interaction and ethics Teaching skills and teaching competence, decision-making and problem-solving skills, teacher morale and perseverance, classroom management, student involvement and application of teaching methods (central phenomenon of personal self-efficacy of secondary school teachers), in four categories of management style and facilities, Students’ motivation and skills, competitive environment and successful models and characteristics of teachers (background conditions), in four categories: system inadequacy, economic and cultural problems, educational and attitude challenges, and processes and standards (intervening conditions), in five Creating dynamic self-efficacy structures and centers, encouraging and increasing teachers’ skills, improving teachers’ motivation and commitment, and establishing professional systems in education (strategies), in four categories: improving teacher satisfaction and relationships between teachers and students, improving the quality of education and Teaching, reducing burnout and improving mental health, modeling self-efficacy and improving performance (PIA) Mods) has been extracted. Conclusion: Teachers’ personal self-efficacy includes three components: self-efficacy for student engagement, self-efficacy for classroom management, and self-efficacy for teaching strategies

حمایت از طرح و توسعه معلمان یکی از وظایف اصلی مدیران مدارس است. مدیران به عنوان می توانند نقش مؤثری در رشد حرفه ای معلمان داشته باشند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی نقش گرسازان در رشد حرفه ای معلمان دوره متوسطه منطقه یک شهر اهواز با روش کیفی بود. برای انتخاب نمونه از روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی استفاده شد. برای گردآوری داده ها، روش مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته و داده ها بر اساس روش تحلیل محتوای تحلیل و تحلیل شد. این پژوهش به دنبال پاسخگویی به پنج سوال تحقیق است. یافته ها نشان داد که مدیران مهارت های خوبی دارند اما نیاز به کسب مهارت های لازم در زمینه هایی مانند ارزیابی، برنامه ریزی و تفویض اختیار دارند. همچنین مشخص شده است که مدیرانی در مدرسه فعالیت های آموزشی انجام دهند، اما برای برگزاری و برگزاری کارگاه ها و سمینارهای داخلی برنامه ریزی نمی شوند. این مطالعه همچنین نشان داد که مهم ترین چالش هایی است که مدیران در ایفای نقش می کنند برای توسعه حرفه ای معلمان، بودجه، امکانات و مواد آموزشی، بروکراسی اداری، بی انگیزی و... است.  

Purpose : Given the role of different organizational syndromes in the decline of school performance, the present study was conducted aimed to rank and compare organizational syndromes in Iranian schools according to the opinion of principals, deputies and teachers. Methodology : This study was applied in terms of the objective and quantitative in terms of the method. The study population included the principals, deputies and teachers in Isfahan and Yasuj in the academic year 2019-2020. The research sample according to Krejcie and Morgan Table was n = 375 who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and considering the volume ratio of cities. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of organizational syndromes in Iranian schools with 78 items. Its content validity was confirmed by experts, its construct validity was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. The data were by Friedman and independent t-tests using SPSS-25 software. Findings : The results showed that the organizational syndromes of narcissism, lack of communication, discrimination and politicking, group thinking, structural alienation, tension and distress, structural mastery, caution, pressure, terrorism, neglect, immobility, explosiveness, incompatibility, non-commitment, impulse and silence had a higher rank in Iranian schools. Other results showed no significant difference between organizational syndromes and teachers in Iranian schools according to the opinion of principals, deputies and teachers (P <0.05). Conclusion : According to the results of the present study and the negative role of syndromes in the decline of school performance, it is necessary to design and implement programs to reduce syndromes by improving intra- and extra-organizational relationships and activities in Iranian schools.

هدف این پژوهش بررسی چالش های جوامع حرفه ای در مدارس ابتدایی تهران و ارائه راهکارهایی برای ایجاد آن بود. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از روش شناسی آمیخته است. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه 13064 نفر معلمان دوره ابتدایی در سال تحصیلی 98-97 می باشد. در بخش کمی، بر اساس جدول کرجسی - مورگان، حجم نمونه 370 نفر به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه های چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند. در بخش کیفی با 20 معلم ممتاز به صورت هدفمند مصاحبه شد. پرسشنامه «ارزیابی جامعه حرفه ای» توسط الیور و همکاران. و از پرسشنامه پاسخ باز نیمه ساختاریافته استفاده شد. روایی و صوری پرسشنامه کمی توسط پنج نفر از خبرگان ارزیابی شد و روایی پرسشنامه باز با سه روش کنترل سوءتفاهم از مداخلات پاسخگویان با درگیری طولانی مدت با تحقیق، کنترل بیرونی تحقیق تضمین شده است. توسط ناظر خنثی و نظرات شرکت کنندگان در مورد یافته ها و تفاسیر در یک گروه تحقیقات. برای پایایی نامه بسته، مقدار قابل قبول آلفای کرونباخ 89/0 و در پرسشنامه باز ضریب توافق کاپا بین شرکت های پرسش 83/0 به دست آمد. یافته ها نشان داد که تفاوت بین مدارس ابتدایی در جوامع حرفه ای وضعیت و وضعیت مطلوب در تمامی مولفه ها معنادار و پایین تر از سطح مطلوب است.

Purpose : The present study was carried out aiming to identify the challenges and opportunities of virtual teaching during the Coronavirus pandemic from the perspective of teachers. Methodology : The present study was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its implementation. The statistical population includes middle school and high school teachers in the city of Dehloran during the 2020-2021 school year. The sample size was determined 18 people based on the principle of theoretical saturation and purposive sampling was used. The study was conducted through semi-constructed interviews and data analysis was done based on thematic analysis. The credibility of the findings was assessed using face validity (Five academic experts including two sociology professors, one psychology professor, and two curriculum design professors) and Cohen’s kappa agreement coefficient was used for reliability, for which a value of 0.88 was obtained. Findings : Findings show that 23 open codes and 7 axial codes (a globalized approach, parents’ experiences, the lower psychological and economic cost of virtual teaching, the constant nature of virtual teaching, the adaptability of pillars of the education system, a selective teaching method, and teachers’ social status) were identified as opportunities of virtual teaching. Also, 24 open codes and 8 axial codes (infrastructural factors, economic challenges, ambiguity about roles, lack of technological skills, lost motivation in teachers and students, the risk of teaching, and teachers’ competencies) were identified as challenges of virtual education during the pandemic. Conclusion : Given the uncertainty of when the pandemic will be completely done with, the continuation of virtual teaching is necessary and those in charge of education must seriously pay attention to the present challenges to improve its quality.

Purpose: Considering the importance of job motivation in educational jobs, the present study was conducted to construct and evaluate the psychometric properties of teachers' job motivation questionnaire. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of implementation method. The study population was elementary school teachers in Tehran in 2019-20, which the sample size was estimated 400 people based on Cochran's formula and were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data were collected by a researcher-made job motivation questionnaire (49 items) and analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS-22 and AMOS-24 software. Findings: The results showed that teachers' job motivation had 2 factors and 9 components; so that the external factor of job motivation includes four components of school environment, payroll system, leadership style / managerial support and performance appraisal and reward and the internal factor of job motivation includes five components of in-service training, work and cognitive interests, effective communication, perfectionist thoughts and selection and the factor loading of both factors and all nine components were significant at the confidence level of 0.99. Also, the content validity of the instrument was confirmed by experts and the convergent validity of the instrument was confirmed by the correlation coefficient of the score of each factor or component with the total score of the instrument. In addition, Cronbach's alpha reliability for the whole instrument was 0.92, external factor of job motivation 0.85, internal factor of job motivation 0.89 and components of school environment 0.75, payroll system 0.66, leadership style / managerial support 0.91, performance appraisal and reward 0.65, in-service training 0.82, work and cognitive interests 0.90, effective communication style 0.81, perfectionist thoughts 0.83 and selection was 0.71. Conclusion: Teachers' job motivation questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument. As a result, specialists and planners of the education system can use it to review and evaluate the current situation of teachers' job motivation and provide solutions to strengthen their job motivation.

Purpose: Considering the role of teachers' motivation in improving the teaching, educating and learning processes, the present study was conducted with the aim of providing a suitable model to promoting teachers' motivation for the education process. Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in the qualitative part was the academic experts of Tehran city in 2020 year, which number of 15 people of them were selected as a sample according to the principle of theoretical saturation and by purposive sampling method. The research population in the quantitative part was the high school teachers of Tehran city in 2020 year, which number of 316 people of them were selected as a sample according to the Cochran's formula and by simple random sampling method. The research tool in the qualitative part was semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part was researcher-made questionnaire, which the validity and reliability of them were confirmed. The data in the qualitative part were analyzed by coding method based on grounded theory in MAXQDA software and data in the quantitative part were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and LISREL software. Findings: The results of the qualitative part showed that the central category included promoting teachers' motivation for the education process, causal factors included work environment, cultural and social context, teaching level, individual characteristics and demographic factors, intervention factors included psychological-attitudinal factors, individual-motivational factors, facility-welfare factors, managerial and structural factors and negation of work, contextual factors included financial rewards, school physical facilities and job enrichment and job development, strategies included planning to improve quality and academic level, behavior, attitude and policy educational of managers, teacher empowerment and encouragement active teacher and outcomes included trustworthy, academic competence, good social relations and understanding of circumstances and duties. Also, the results of the quantitative part showed that the factor load of all components was appropriate and work environment, cultural and social context, teaching level, individual characteristics and demographic factors on causal factors, psychological-attitudinal factors, individual-motivational factors, facility-welfare factors, managerial and structural factors and negation of work on intervention factors, financial rewards, school physical facilities and job enrichment and job development on contextual factors, planning to improve quality and academic level, behavior, attitude and policy educational of managers, teacher empowerment and encouragement active teacher and on strategies and trustworthy, academic competence, good social relations and understanding of circumstances and duties on outcomes had a significant effect on outcomes (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, to promoting teachers' motivation for the education process can be action through the identified components in the present study.

Introduction: Increasing the quality of virtual education is one of the main concerns of the education system in most countries of the world. In educational centers, virtual education has a special place, and to improve it, the professional ethics of teachers should be taken into consideration. Considering this importance, the aim of the present study was to investigate the position of professional ethics of teachers in virtual education of schools. Materials and Methods: The research was a review method, in order to achieve the goal of the research, in addition to electronic education books and virtual education in this field, articles related to the research keywords from 2004 to 2022 from the databases of Civilica, Magiran, Sid, Researchgate, Science direct, was reviewed. Conclusion: The results showed that the improvement of virtual education in schools, in addition to the need for information and communication technology infrastructure, the ability of teachers and students to use new technologies and the interaction between teachers and students, requires the professional ethics of teachers and the observance of ethics. is teaching Therefore, one of the factors that can affect the virtual education of schools is the professional ethics of teachers. Based on this, the ethical topics of teaching and its concepts should be included in the educational courses of students of cultural universities and in-service training for teachers. At the time of application, new technologies in education should be given serious attention and emphasis, and efforts should be made to institutionalize teaching ethics among teachers.

Purpose: Quality of education in multi-grade classrooms is important in the education system, neglect of which is associated with the weakness of the education model and related factors. Methodology: The present study was conducted to validate a model for the quality of education in multi-grade classrooms in primary schools as exploratory research. In qualitative study, thematic analysis was used by an inductive approach, and in quantitative study, descriptive survey was used. Given the components, an 81-item questionnaire was provided. To validate the questionnaire, convergent validity, content validity and construct validity were used. The statistical population of the research included teachers, principals and educational leaders of multi-grade classrooms in all the cities of North Khorasan Province, including 1203 multi-grade classrooms. By Cochran's formula, 349 people were selected as the research sample. The structural model of the research was fitted and the path coefficients of the research model were analyzed by the bootstrap method (resampling and sequential sampling) and the Student's t-test statistic. Findings: According to the results, 0.823% of the changes in the quality of multi-grade classrooms have been predicted by the sub-components of teachers' professional competence and characteristics, macro policies, the state of schools, family model and themes related to the students. Conclusion: All questions were confirmed due to a factor load above 0.5, and the model had a good fit.