درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive method that offers a potential solution to reduce the effects of aging on brain function. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of offline tACS over the supplementary motor area on bimanual coordination in elderly people. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one women aged of 60-75 years were selected as convenience. They were assigned to 2 conditions: tACS and Sham, in random order, with one-week interval between conditions. After pre-test, each participant completed four trials of 5 min using Purdue pegboard task. Concurrently, participants received beta tACS with a current intensity of 1 mA. Immediate retention test, transfer test, and delayed retention tests after 48 hours and 1 week were conducted. A 2(condition) x 4(test) ANOVA with repeated measures was performed on gain scores. Results: The main effects of condition and test were significant ( P <0.0001). The Bonferroni tests revealed the significant improvement of bimanual coordination in the tACS condition compared to the sham condition in all retention and transfer tests ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The findings highlights the potential use of offline beta tACS over the SMA as a modulatory factor for enhancing bimanual coordination in the elderly women.

Background : Work-related musculoskeletal disorder is the most important occupational disease that threatens the health of employees. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between workers' posture and musculoskeletal disorders. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two male and female workers working in a home appliance factory participated in this cross-sectional study. Musculoskeletal disorders were investigated using Nordic questionnaires. Posture evaluation was performed to measure the angles of forward head, rounded shoulders, and thoracic kyphosis using photogrammetry. Craniovertebral, shoulder, and thoracic kyphosis angles were photographed during the work and then measured using ImageJ software. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 and Spearman's correlation test at a significance level of 0.05. Results : A significant relationship between the craniovertebral angle and musculoskeletal disorders in the last twelve months was observed in the cervical region ( P <0.001). Also, a significant relationship was observed between the kyphosis angle and musculoskeletal disorders in the last twelve months in the upper back and lower back ( P <0.001). Conclusion : The results showed that the workers’ posture during work is correlated with the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to ergonomic principles during work to maintain and improve the physical health of workers.

The goal of this study was to compare the use of sports facilities of selected universities in Iran with some Canadian universities. This study was comparative and data collection was done through interviews with directors of physical education departments of the selected universities. All the universities studied in this paper are faced with a crisis of financial resources and revenue generation; however, a common weak point of Iranian universities is that they lack initial plan for efficient design as well as expert designers in construction of university spaces. Based on the findings, in the Canadian universities the facilities have the highest multi-purpose applications. Accordingly, practical and applicable recommendations have been suggested to office of development plans of Iran’s ministry of science, research and technology to improve the operation of sports facilities in Iranian universities.

Purpose: The adequate use of sport-related modern knowledge such as new findings regarding nutritional and dietary supplements is an essential prerequisite of success in modern professional sport. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 11 nationally prominent Taekwondoin with 8 to 12 years of experience and profile of (Age: 20±6 years, height: 178±12 cm, weight: 67±11kg, wrist circumference: 17±1 cm) were selected as subjects. The level of blood lactate, the time and speed of execution of Poomsae forms, and the number of Momdollyos successfully performed in 20 seconds were measured separately in a pre-test phase, after the intake of a placebo, and after the consumption of supplement drink. Results: Statistical results showed that lactate levels significantly increased compare to pre-tests in both groups. Although this increasing was not significant between groups in Momdollyo (p=0.599) and Poomsae (p=0.303). Indeed, number of successfully executed and also time of performance were significantly different in both Momdollyo (P=0.000) and    Poomsae (P=0.033). Conclusion: Intake of discussed customized decaffeinated supplement drink increased speed and number of execution of Poomsae forms and Momdollyo techniques but it seems that lactate levels depends on other factors in taekwondoin.

The aim of this research was to determine the relationship among transformational leadership style with organizational culture and organizational commitment. The population consists of 745 the employees of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Iran. The sample size of 256 staffs was determined using stratified random sampling. In order to collect the needed data, three Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment Questionnaires were used. The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by foreign and domestic researches. Cronbach's alpha reliability test of transformational leadership, organizational culture and organizational commitment were respectively 0.97, 0.97, and 0.92. In addition, data were analyzed using statistical tests such as descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov Smirnoff, Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS Software. The findings of this study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and organizational culture (p≤0.01, r= 0.80). Besides, there was a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment (p≤0.01, r= 0.46), too. Likewise, there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment (p≤0.01, r= 0.57). However, organizational culture is stronger predictor than transformational leadership for organizational commitment. Finally, in accordance with the responses of staffs of the Ministry of Youth and Sports, it can be said that if leaders create an organizational culture in which creativity and satisfaction were high as well as to taking advantage the organizational rewards and job good conditions, employees would be able to stimulate higher levels of organizational commitment.