Humanistic Approach to Sport and Exercise Studies (HASES)

Religion, as a set of beliefs, dos and don'ts, as well as specific and generalized values, is considered one of the most effective psychological supports that is able to provide the meaning of life in every moment of life and in special circumstances with explanatory supports will save a person from suspense and meaninglessness. The present research is of a comparative causal type and its purpose is to investigate the effect of religious attitude and emotional intelligence on the aggression of professional wrestlers. Data related to religious attitude, emotional intelligence and the effect of these two on aggression were collected from 100 wrestlers using religious attitude questionnaires, Shott's emotional intelligence questionnaire and Nelson's anger questionnaire. The results of the research showed that religious attitude and emotional intelligence have an interactive effect on reducing the aggressiveness of professional wrestlers. Based on the subjects' statements, the results showed that aggression among people with high religious attitude was lower than among people with low and medium religious attitude. The results of two-variable variance analysis also showed that the interactive effect of the two components of religious attitude and emotional intelligence on aggression is statistically significant, in other words, religious attitude and emotional intelligence have an interactive effect on the aggression component of professional wrestlers.

The athlete's skills and psychological state often influence success in sports performance. The current study aims to explain the performance in paintball competitions based on cognitive resilience and cognitive regulation of emotion. The study participants included all paintball players participating in national paintball competitions (the year 2022), including 17 teams of 7 players, a total of 116 people. In order to investigate the psychological components affecting the athletes' performance, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) were used. After completing these questionnaires, IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 was used to analyze the data. Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant relationship between resilience scores, the overall score of cognitive emotion regulation, and the scores of 9 emotion regulation strategies with the players' performance in the paintball competition (P≤0.05). Players who achieved better results in tournaments, scored higher on the resilience factor. Also, players who achieved better results in matches had higher scores on emotion regulation strategies like self-blame, positive refocusing, refocus on planning, positive reappraisal, and putting into perspective, and lower scores on the acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing and other-blame strategies. This study showed that cognitive resilience and emotion regulation could be used as predictors of success and winning positions in paintball competitions.

This study compares externalizing behavior disorders in overweight and normal-weight boys. The statistical population includes all the male students of elementary schools in Mashhad, who were selected using the cluster sampling method, six districts, and among the schools in this district, two boys' schools and a total of 222 students were selected as the research sample. Children's Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used as a tool in this study. The results showed that, in general, there is a significant difference in externalizing behavior disorders between overweight and normal-weight boys (P<0.05), which is seen in conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder. In comparison, these two groups had no significant difference in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (P<0.05). According to the results of the research, informing and changing the attitude of parents in preventing the occurrence of obesity and overweight and ultimately behavioral problems seems necessary, and since the deviation from normal weight is related to inappropriate and risky behaviors, early interventions and appropriate planning in this field is practical and necessary during the sensitive period of childhood.

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapy package for weight control based on Acceptance and Commitment with the Matrix Approach and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Food Craving and Physical Activity in overweight individuals. The research Design was a quasi- experimental with pretest and posttest and An Active Control group. For this purpose, 40 persons were selected via availability sampling and in regard to include and exclude criteria. The instrument of the study were Baecke's Physical Activity Questionnaire (1982) and Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait of CepedaBenito (2000, FCQ-T). The experimental group received the intervention package in 12 online group sessions of 2-hour weekly sessions and 8 individual sessions of tDCS AR/CL stimulation (2Ma for 20 minutes) and the control group received only 8 individual tDCS sessions of AR/CL stimulation (2Ma for 20 minutes). The results of between- within group mixed analysis of variance showed that the combined intervention package of weight control based on Acceptance and Commitment with the Matrix Approach and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) had a significant effect on physical activity and cravings of overweight people in comparison with tDCS alone. According to the results, it can be concluded that the therapeutic package of the present study can be a good option to increase Physical Activity and reduce Food Craving.

The purpose of this study was to research the subjective experiences of an athlete during practice match competitions and to examine the potential usefulness of an adapted MAC intervention in addressing the emotional difficulties of the athlete. We investigated the usefulness of a 12-session MAC program altered for educational purposes and presented data as a case study. The case study suggested that the athlete experienced a multitude of anxiety while practicing match competitions; the athlete typically avoided these emotional difficulties and engaged in avoidant behaviors; an adapted MAC approach for educational purposes could be helpful to help the athletes accept private events, commit to performance-related behaviors, and engage more frequently to performance under pressure. More could be done to address the needs of athletes experiencing performance anxiety beyond the structure of our 12-session educational intervention. We concluded that the MAC-based intervention, to a certain extent, educated the athlete about how to meet the challenges of performance difficulties, commit to values-driven behavior, and exhibit behaviors that would potentially permit optimal performance.

The aim of this research was to determine the relationship among transformational leadership style with organizational culture and organizational commitment. The population consists of 745 the employees of the Ministry of Youth and Sports of Iran. The sample size of 256 staffs was determined using stratified random sampling. In order to collect the needed data, three Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment Questionnaires were used. The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by foreign and domestic researches. Cronbach's alpha reliability test of transformational leadership, organizational culture and organizational commitment were respectively 0.97, 0.97, and 0.92. In addition, data were analyzed using statistical tests such as descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov Smirnoff, Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS Software. The findings of this study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and organizational culture (p≤0.01, r= 0.80). Besides, there was a positive and significant relationship between transformational leadership and organizational commitment (p≤0.01, r= 0.46), too. Likewise, there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment (p≤0.01, r= 0.57). However, organizational culture is stronger predictor than transformational leadership for organizational commitment. Finally, in accordance with the responses of staffs of the Ministry of Youth and Sports, it can be said that if leaders create an organizational culture in which creativity and satisfaction were high as well as to taking advantage the organizational rewards and job good conditions, employees would be able to stimulate higher levels of organizational commitment.