مطالب

The assemblage of our archaeological data and findings regarding the early Roman-Sasanian interactions is very limited. During the recent survey of the Dehlorān Plain, an accidental coin find (discovered by a passerby, Mr. A. Hosseini) was handed over to the members of the expedition. The highly corroded and perforated coin belongs to the Singara issues of Gordian III (238-244 AD), the young Roman emperor whose reign coincided with the first series of Sasanian incursions led by Ardashir I and his successor, Shapur I. Not only it is one of the few known findings that relate to this tumultuous era, it has been discovered in the vicinity of Roman Mesopotamia, where most of the fighting took place. In this article, in addition to describing the coin, the authors have discussed the historical context of this period and the possible entry scenarios of this coin into the territory of the Sasanian Empire. 

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Sandplay Therapy in reducing self-handicapping behaviors and improving the quality of life in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 30 children diagnosed with ASD, who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 15) receiving Sandplay Therapy or the control group (n = 15) receiving no intervention. The intervention consisted of eight 90-minute sessions conducted over eight weeks. Self-handicapping behaviors were measured using the Self-Handicapping Scale (SHS), and quality of life was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), both of which demonstrated established validity and reliability. Assessments were conducted at pre-test, post-test, and five-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, with post-hoc comparisons conducted using the Bonferroni test. The results indicated a significant reduction in self-handicapping behaviors in the experimental group from pre-test (M = 42.85, SD = 4.31) to post-test (M = 31.76, SD = 3.76) and further at follow-up (M = 29.45, SD = 3.45), while no significant changes were observed in the control group. Similarly, quality of life improved significantly in the experimental group, with scores increasing from pre-test (M = 52.12, SD = 5.12) to post-test (M = 63.45, SD = 4.78) and follow-up (M = 67.32, SD = 4.50), whereas the control group remained stable. ANOVA results confirmed significant main effects of time and group, as well as a significant interaction effect (p < 0.05). Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons indicated that improvements were sustained at follow-up. Sandplay Therapy is an effective intervention for reducing self-handicapping behaviors and enhancing the quality of life in children with ASD, with sustained benefits observed at follow-up. These findings highlight the potential of nonverbal, expressive therapies in supporting emotional regulation and adaptive functioning in children with ASD.

This study aimed to examine the predictive role of frustration tolerance and social competence in body image satisfaction among adolescents with physical disabilities. This research utilized a correlational descriptive design with a sample of 350 adolescents with physical disabilities, selected based on Morgan and Krejcie’s sample size determination table. Participants completed standardized self-report measures assessing body image satisfaction (MBSRQ), frustration tolerance (FDS), and social competence (SSRS). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation to explore associations between variables and linear regression to determine the predictive power of frustration tolerance and social competence on body image satisfaction. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS-27, and assumptions of normality, linearity, and multicollinearity were confirmed before conducting the regression analysis. Descriptive statistics showed that participants had a mean body image satisfaction score of 74.56 (SD = 9.87), a frustration tolerance score of 62.34 (SD = 8.23), and a social competence score of 68.21 (SD = 7.95). Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between body image satisfaction and frustration tolerance (r = 0.52, p < 0.01) and body image satisfaction and social competence (r = 0.61, p < 0.01). The regression model was statistically significant (F(2, 347) = 90.75, p < 0.01, R² = 0.46), indicating that frustration tolerance (B = 0.42, β = 0.39, t = 5.25, p < 0.01) and social competence (B = 0.56, β = 0.47, t = 7.91, p < 0.01) were both significant predictors of body image satisfaction. The findings suggest that higher frustration tolerance and greater social competence are associated with increased body image satisfaction in adolescents with physical disabilities, with social competence playing a slightly stronger role. These results highlight the importance of resilience-building and social skills interventions to enhance body image satisfaction in this population.