مسئله مند شدن مشارکت سیاسی (مطالعه موردی: انتخابات دوازدهمین دوره مجلس شورای اسلامی استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف این پژوهش، واکاوی فهم مسئله مندی از مشارکت سیاسی در انتخابات دوازدهمین دوره مجلس شورای اسلامی در استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد بود. روش پژوهش حاضر کیفی است. گستره نمونه پژوهش شامل کنشگران و فعالان سیاسی استان مذکور بود. درمجموع بیست نفر مصاحبه شدند. یافته های تحقیق نشان دهنده آن است که تحزب و حزب گرایی به اشکال مختلف تضعیف شده و بر بنیاد قومیت، طایفه و بنکوگرایی مناسبات جدید دستیابی قدرت در دل ساختار انتخاباتی متولد می شود. در این بستر یا زمینه، منافع فردی به اشکال مختلف در منافع ایلی و جمعی گره می خورد و بازتولید می شود. در انتخابات اسفند 1402 باوجود سیر نزولی مشارکت انتخاباتی در سطح کشور، استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد شرایط متفاوتی را سپری کرد؛ این وضعیت ازحیث مختلف می تواند پرسش برانگیز باشد و ذهن هر پژوهشگر حوزه سیاسی و اجتماعی را به کنجکاوی بکشاند. راهبرد و استراتژی کنشگران ترکیبی از کنش های سنتی، فایده گرایانه، رفتار مبتنی بر نگرش ایلی، اعتقادات و متأثر از اندک فضای رقابتی دموکراتیک است. هیچ کدام از این کارویژه ها به تنهایی اثرگذار نیستند و همگی در کنار هم به وجودآورنده مشارکت انتخاباتی بودند.Increasingly Problematic Issue of Political Participation: A Case Study of the Twelfth Term Elections of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
Introduction
Elections represent a collective will and serve as a vital link between participation and legitimacy. In complex societies where millions of citizens cannot engage directly in governance, the system of indirect or proxy representation has emerged as a suitable form of participation. Elections are the democratic mechanism for selecting representative institutions and form the foundation of legitimacy within democratic structures. In modern democracies, electoral participation is the most conventional and widespread form of political engagement among citizens, serving as one of the main pillars of democracy and circulation of power among its contenders and aspirants. In Iran, the origins of elections trace back to the Constitutional Revolution. While there have been periods when elections have become more theatrical than substantive, the underlying spirit of electoral participation has endured, reminding society that elections are a cornerstone of citizens' rights to shape their own destinies. A prominent example of this self-determination is the citizens' participation in electing their representatives to the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament), an event that occurs every four years. Since the onset of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, twelve parliamentary elections have taken place. This research asserted that the level of participation in the twelfth parliamentary election in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province had been notably problematic when compared to other provinces in the country.
Materials & Methods
This research employed a qualitative approach, utilizing grounded theory to analyze the conducted interviews. The study focused on Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, specifically examining the perspectives of the region's scientific and political elites. Following the researcher's engagement in the field, in-depth interviews were conducted with selected individuals until theoretical saturation was achieved. Theoretical saturation was reached after conducting 20 interviews. Two sampling methods—purposive sampling and theoretical sampling—were employed to select participants and concepts. The coding framework for this article was based on the coding processes outlined by Strauss and Corbin. This approach incorporated 3 types of coding: open, axial, and selective (focused). It also utilized situational and consequential matrices, aimed to identify a core category, and included specific coding for the causes, conditions, and contexts influencing the researcher's categories. A total of 20 individuals from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Fars, and Tehran provinces were selected and interviewed. These participants held degrees in various fields, including History, Political Science, Sociology, Philosophy, Literature, and Economics.
Discussion of Results & Conclusion
Elections do not inherently cause tribalism and clan-based politics; rather, they serve as a platform for the activation and manifestation of tribal divisions. This phenomenon is not random; individuals weigh the costs and benefits throughout the process. In this context, a narrow perspective and the absence of a macro-level viewpoint among the elite hinder their ability to act in the collective interest. While individuals may present themselves as democratic and aligned with party frameworks, their underlying chauvinistic attitudes often prevent them from truly functioning as party members. Consequently, they tend to draw a clear distinction between national and local concerns, striving to adopt a national mindset at the macro level while approaching elections with varying perspectives at the micro and local levels. The power dynamics within tribal organizations consistently support and reinforce electoral participation. While lower classes may indirectly gain benefits from elections, it is the upper classes that enjoy more immediate advantages. Given the historical role of these elites in mobilizing the populace, they can still leverage their long-standing traditional influence to engage various groups in parliamentary elections, which often have local implications. In urban settings, where relationships are more regulated, systematic, and impersonal, it can be challenging to motivate individuals to participate after experiencing one or more cycles of disappointment with voting. However, as one moves from urban areas into tribal and clan regions, these traditional and non-critical functions become more pronounced. Individuals often overlook past negative experiences or lack sufficient awareness and knowledge, leading to dynamic participation in elections driven by regional considerations and necessities.
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