درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

There is no doubt that with the normalization of relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia after a long period of tension, one of the most key results of this agreement, that is, its impact on the security relations between Iran and the Arab world, and at the center of it, Iran and the Persian Gulf, is of particular importance. will be. Yemen, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq, during the past years, have always been the scene of indirect confrontation between these two regional powers. But the question is, what is the reason for these tensions? What effect has the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia had on the continuation of this cold war, and more importantly, what effect will this informal understanding have on the economic, political and security-military dimensions of Iran and other Persian Gulf countries? Some believe that the tensions between the two countries are caused by the endangerment of the oil-economic interests of these countries, some believe that this fear is caused by the possible increase of Iran's influence in the region, and in the opinion of others, the Arabs are worried about America's tendency towards Iran and perhaps attention less the United States to them. But perhaps these reactions can be explained in the form of defensive realism and according to "Taliaferro" one of its four main assumptions, i.e., the "security enigma", by means of which, every action of a government to increase its security, on the part of governments The competitor is considered as a hostile action. The following article tries to answer this question by assuming that the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia, as a factor that caused the security puzzle in the relations between the Arab world and Iran, both before and after it was achieved.

The widespread use of the Internet has led to both beneficial and detrimental impacts on adolescents and young adults worldwide. Understanding the factors that contribute to these effects enables the development of culturally appropriate strategies for addressing them at a global scale. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global surge in Internet use, particularly among adolescents. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of Internet addiction among adolescents in Iran during the post-COVID-19 period. In this web-based cross-sectional study, 1358 Tehran-based adolescents aged 13-18 completed the Young's Internet Addiction Questionnaire. Findings revealed a 10.3% prevalence of Internet addiction among the participants following the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors such as age of first exposure to the Internet and time spent online were correlated with addiction, while gender played no significant role. Additionally, Internet addiction was significantly linked to recreational use, gaming, and insufficient parental support, but not to educational usage. By comparing the cultural contexts of Iran and other countries, this study determines Iran's standing in terms of Internet addiction and the influence of culture. The implications of the findings suggest the need for policymakers, educators, and healthcare providers to devise effective strategies to combat this emerging public health concern.

In the intricate geopolitical landscape of Afghanistan, attaining sustainable security remains an evolving challenge fraught with complex dynamics and critical transitions. This study utilizes Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process techniques to systematically elucidate the myriad determinants shaping Afghanistan's security paradigm. Our meticulous examination foregrounds political and social factors as paramount in this multifaceted terrain. Politically, fostering greater regional cooperation, strategic international relations policies, and consolidating the political will of ruling elites emerge as pivotal. Economically, priority rests on catalyzing poverty alleviation and spurring intense developmental drive depicted as ‘economic jihad’. Socially, augmenting solidarity across ethnic and religious divides and encouraging public participation in security are indispensable. Culturally, amplifying educational standards and nurturing trust in governance prove critical. The Taliban takeover marked a profound shift, necessitating reevaluating security paradigms and amplifying Iran’s strategic role in diplomatic engagement and humanitarian aid to moderate Taliban policies and support Afghan stability. By unraveling the complex interplay of factors spanning political, economic, social and cultural dimensions, this study provides invaluable insights to inform context-specific policies and strategies to advance Afghanistan’s multifaceted peacebuilding needs within a holistic framework prioritizing political stability, economic upliftment, social cohesion and regional cooperation underpinned by human rights and inclusive governance.

With the beginning of the new era after the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the Great Industrial Revolution in the West, the issue of the spread of new western ideas became a complex reality for all societies, including Iran, and there was no escaping this situation. Especially since the 19th century and the wars between Iran and Russia, as the first blow to the intellectual traditions of the Iranian people, the issue of transferring new ideas has become an undeniable reality for us Iranians, and this issue is mainly according to Iran's military needs due to the defeat of the Tsarist army. It was for the first time that Qajar Crown Prince Abbas Mirza came to the conclusion that he could not defend his land without using the tools of the new world and by sending a group headed by his son Khosrow Mirza, he opened the first intellectual interactions with the Western world and Russia. And this first step led to the education of a generation of Iranians who later became the initiators of modernization in Iran, and although they failed in this path, they should be considered serious in every word about the modernization of Iranians. Undoubtedly, the Russian Revolution is considered one of the greatest events in the history of the world in terms of its impact, and countless works have been produced in connection with it, but few works have been published about the influence of Russia in the 19th century on the intellectual atmosphere of Iran. which have been less expressive of this effect. Therefore, the main issue in this research is how and the specific mechanisms of the influence of political ideas on Iranian intellectuals in the late 19th century and early 20th century, a subject that naturally requires intellectual exploration and reflection in its dimensions and angles. It can open the knot of many intellectual and thought problems of Iran at that time.

The Islamic Revolution and the Islamic Republic, which arose from the nature-oriented thought of Imam Khomeini (ra), was a unified and cohesive matter that you had to dismantle all the structures and apparatuses of government and thread them all with a rosary thread, but in the meantime, and with the inability to A deep understanding of this nature-based event, some systems, could not, align with that basis and take a new foundation; Among them is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which in the field of diplomacy and diplomacy, in the Oral History Project of the Twelfth Government, in some respects, was clearly acknowledged by those in charge of foreign policy. The main question of the present article was how to theorize in order to align foreign policy and its responsible institution with the Islamic Revolution in the second step of the Islamic Revolution? By descriptive and analytical study in the framework of the thinking of the leaders of the Islamic Revolution, it was concluded that any structural reflections in this regard should originate from the fountain of the idea of ​​nature based on human dignity and naturalistic foreign policy and be the basis for reviewing the Foreign Ministry. Foreign law-making civilization appropriate to the Islamic Revolution in the second step of the Islamic Revolution.