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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of attachment-based, brain-based, and mindful parenting training on reducing parental stress in mothers of children exhibiting symptoms of social anxiety. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages was used, involving 60 mothers from three elementary schools in Felard city. Participants were divided into four groups: attachment-based parenting, brain-based parenting, mindful parenting, and a control group. Each experimental group received eight 90-minute training sessions. Parental stress was measured using the Parenting Stress Index before and after the intervention and during follow-up. Data were analysed using SPSS-26 and analysis of variance with repeated measurements method. Findings: The brain-based parenting training significantly reduced parental stress in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group. The attachment-based and mindful parenting trainings did not show significant effects on parental stress. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant within-group effects over time and interactions between time and group. The brain-based training had a notable impact on the mothers' ability to manage parenting stress effectively. Conclusion: Brain-based parenting training is an effective intervention for reducing parental stress among mothers of children with social anxiety symptoms. The findings highlight the importance of understanding brain functions in parenting strategies. Further research is needed to explore the potential long-term benefits of attachment-based and mindful parenting methods on parental stress.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) on improving co-parenting quality and reducing interpersonal obsessive-compulsive symptoms in mothers with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Method: This study employed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design with 30 mothers diagnosed with OCD, randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 15) or the control group (n = 15). The intervention group received eight 60-minute SIT sessions over eight weeks. Co-parenting quality and interpersonal obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and four-month follow-up using validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, conducted via SPSS-27. Findings: The intervention group showed significant improvements in co-parenting quality from baseline (M = 48.67, SD = 8.92) to post-intervention (M = 58.92, SD = 7.41), with effects maintained at the four-month follow-up (M = 56.80, SD = 7.93). Interpersonal obsessive-compulsive symptoms significantly decreased from baseline (M = 30.53, SD = 6.47) to post-intervention (M = 22.17, SD = 5.32), with sustained reductions at follow-up (M = 24.40, SD = 5.89). The ANOVA results indicated significant effects of time (p < .001) and group (p < .001), as well as significant time-by-group interactions (p < .001) for both variables. Conclusion: SIT significantly enhances co-parenting quality and reduces interpersonal obsessive-compulsive symptoms in mothers with OCD. These improvements were maintained at the four-month follow-up, indicating the intervention's long-term efficacy. SIT offers a promising therapeutic approach for addressing the unique challenges faced by parents with OCD.

Objective: Marital conflict is one of the serious problems in couples' interactions, which is considered as the cause of marital infidelity or divorce in many cases. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and emotion focused therapy on the attitude towards marital infidelity of people with marital conflict. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group along with a follow-up test period. From the statistical population of women referring to the clinics of the 1st district of Tehran, 45 people were selected using the available method and replaced in three groups using a random method. Whatley's marital infidelity questionnaire (2006) was used. First, the pre-test of the attitude towards extrapolation was implemented for all three groups, then schema therapy (Yang, 2003) and emotion focused therapy (Greenberg, 2004) were implemented for the experimental groups, but no intervention was applied for the control group; Finally, the post-test and the follow-up test were performed for all three groups. Findings: The results of the repeated measurement test showed that both schema therapy and emotion focused groups are effective in reducing attitudes towards marital infidelity (f=8.447 and p=0.001). Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that there is no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two schema therapy and emotion focused approaches. Conclusion: To improve the attitude towards marital infidelity of people with marital conflict, it is suggested to use both schema therapy and emotion focused interventions.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to predict academic enthusiasm based on social adequacy and parenting styles, considering the mediating role of social support in students. Method: In terms of the purpose of this research, it is of an applied type and in terms of data collection methods, it is of a descriptive correlational type. The statistical population in this research includes all the high school students of the 2nd district of Ardabil. the statistical sample of the research also includes 368 students (172 girls and 196 boys) of high schools in the 2nd district of Ardabil. They are selected by stratified sampling method. Research questionnaires include; The social support questionnaire (Vaux et al., 1986), the 30-question parenting style questionnaire (Baumrinds, 1973), the academic enthusiasm scale (Fredericks et al., 2004) and the social adequacy questionnaire (Fellner et al., 1990) were used, and the validity and reliability have been proven by psychologists and professors in this field. SPSS-16 software, Pearson's correlation method and multiple linear regression analysis were used to check the correlation between variables. Findings: The findings indicate that the mediating role of social support in the relationship between academic enthusiasm and social adequacy and parenting styles of students is positive and significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be said that social adequacy and parenting styles can predict students' academic enthusiasm due to the presence of social support.

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy based on mentality in reducing feelings of loneliness and depression, as well as improving self-concept, among single women over 40 years of age in Khorramabad. Methods: This study employed a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements, including experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of all single women over the age of 40 who had never been married as of 2022. A random sampling method was used to select 30 participants. The instruments used for data collection included the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Self-Concept Scale. The intervention consisted of schema therapy based on mentality. Results: The results from both multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance indicated that the schema therapy based on mentality had a significant impact on reducing feelings of loneliness and depression and improving self-concept (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that schema therapy based on mentality effectively reduces feelings of loneliness and depression while enhancing the self-concept of single women.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between coping styles and psychological well-being in female heads of households.Methods: The research design was quantitative, descriptive and within the framework of the correlational method. The statistical population of the research was formed by all the women heads of the household in Sarai, Yousef Abad neighborhood of Tehran in 2024. In this study, using convenience sampling, 50 women were selected as samples. In order to collect research data, Coping Styles Questionnaire for Stressful Situations (CISS) and Ryff scale of psychological well-being (RSPWB) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software, and research hypotheses and data were analyzed using correlation test, one-sample t, one-factor ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test.Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between problem-oriented coping style and psychological well-being in women heads of households. Also, there is a significant negative relationship between emotional and avoidant coping styles with psychological well-being. According to (P<0.01) for all hypotheses, the level of significance has been proven.Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that female heads of households who use a problem-oriented coping style have a greater sense of self-efficacy and peace of mind, and the use of previous experiences in solving various life problems will make them self-reliant people. And they have higher psychological well-being, and in contrast to female heads of households who use an emotional and avoidant coping style, they have lower psychological well-being.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and complex disease that requires constant medical and psychological care. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance, commitment, and mindfulness therapy in improving blood sugar control and weight control in people with type 2 diabetes. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all men with type 2 diabetes and overweight in Tehran in 2021. The research samples were 60 patients who were selected through the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned into three equal groups including experimental group A (under acceptance and commitment therapy), experimental group B (under mindfulness therapy), and control group (without intervention). The data collection tool in this study was the HBA1C test to control blood sugar and BMI to control weight. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of blood sugar control and weight control in the acceptance and commitment therapy group and the control group (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the blood sugar control and weight control scores of the mindfulness therapy group and the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that both interventions, especially acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce the psychological and physical problems of patients with type 2 diabetes.