parenting styles

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between parenting styles and academic self-handicapping by mediating role of meta-cognitive and perfectionism skills. Methodology: The statistical population of the study consisted of all the second grade secondary school students in studying the academic year of 2017-18, in Bojnourd. A sample of 350 students was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect the data,(a) Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ),(b) Metacognitive Skills Questionnaire(MCSQ)(Dowson,Mcinerney, 2004), (c) Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt, Flett (1991) and (d) Academic self-handicapping Scale (ASHS) (Schwinger, 2014) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and Structure Equation Modeling were used to analyze the data. Findings: Findings showed that parenting styles directly to academic self-handicapping was not significant, But through the mediating role of meta-cognitive skills and perfectionism was significant. and the hypothetical model had good fit. Conclusion: teaching of the metacognitive skills to students will reduce the academic self-handicapping, and the increaseing of perfectionism will increase the likelihood of academic self-handicapping in the students.

The purpose of this study was to investigation the role of parenting styles in predicting academic procrastination of female that in high school degree students in city of Ardabil. The research method was statistical and correlating and included all high school students who were studying in 2021 and it choose randomly 50 sample of female students were selected by convenience sampling. The tools of this article are Baum rind Thorpe, Clark, & Knicks 1939 parenting style questionnaire and the Solomon and Roth Bloom 1984 academic procrastination questionnaire. The results showed that in parenting styles, authoritarian style (R = 0.180) at the level (P <0.05) has a positive and significant relationship with academic procrastination, also negative and significant relationship between authoritative parenting style (R= -0.320) at the level (P <0.01) and academic procrastination. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that among the predictor variable of parenting styles, authoritative style (Beta = -0.320) can predict students' academic procrastination. This study can be inferred that parenting styles have a significant relationship with academic procrastination.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between parenting styles and social anxiety symptoms with the mediation of negative self-evaluation. Methods: The study population included the students of the University of Tehran and the Islamic Azad University of South Tehran in 2019-20. A total of 306 were selected by convenience sampling method, who responded to the questionnaires. The research tools were the Social Phobia Inventory (Connor et al., 2000), the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) (Buri, 1991), and the questionnaire of negative consequences of social events (Wilson and Rapi, 2005). Pearson's correlation test indicated a significant negative relationship between authoritative parenting and social anxiety and a significant positive relationship between permissive and authoritarian parenting styles, as well as negative self-evaluation and social anxiety. Results: The results of the path analysis test revealed that negative self-evaluation has a significant indirect effect (mediating role) on the relationship between parenting styles and social anxiety. Conclusion: These results can be used to explain the psychopathology of social anxiety symptoms. In addition, self-evaluation and empowering parents to apply appropriate parenting styles can reduce disorders such as social anxiety.

Based on research evidence, parenting styles and cognitive factors in mothers may be effective in shaping and exacerbating children's social anxiety. The aim of the present study is to determine the social anxiety of schoolgirls based on parenting styles and cognitive flexibility of their mothers. For this descriptive study, a correlational design is used. The participants of the study include all students in sixth grade elementary school and their mothers in the city of Khomem in the academic year of 2019-2020. The number of participants is 200 sixth grade elementary school students selected based on convenience sampling. Liebowitz Children and Adolescents Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS-CA), Baumrind Parenting Styles Scale and Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS) are employed to collect data. The statistical data are analyzed based on Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results of multiple regression analysis reveal that parenting styles and cognitive flexibility predict 64.1% of the variance of students' social anxiety. These findings suggest that parenting styles and cognitive flexibility play a crucial role in the pathology and prevention of students' social anxiety.