درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Children and adolescents are more vulnerable to injuries than other groups. Therefore, it is necessary to use screening tests to identify players who are more susceptible to be injured and in parallel, using intervention programs to reduce the risk of injury.  Aim : The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 11+Kids program on the scores of musculoskeletal screening tests Materials and Methods : Forty-eight players were randomly assigned into the FIFA 11+Kids (mean±SD; age= 12.70±1.30 years; weight= 44.34±6.16 kg; height= 1.52±0.09 m) and control groups (mean±SD; age= 12.91±1.31 years; weight= 45.51±8.13 kg; height= 1.55±0.11 m). The FIFA 11+ Kids performed instead of the usual warm-up for 8 weeks, while the control group performed their usual warm-up program. Functional movement screen (FMS) and special football jump-landing task (SFJLT) tests were examined in pre-test and post-test.  Results: The independent t-test showed no significant differences between the FIFA 11+ Kids and the control group in the FMS test ( P = 0.055). Furthermore, results showed significant differences between groups in the SFJLT test ( P = 0.001).  Conclusion: Performing 8 weeks of FIFA 11+Kids can improve the musculoskeletal screening test score of SFJLT as a field-assessment soccer-specific jumping-landing test. It is suggestive that a field-based assessment tool to identify prone athletes is more beneficial than the FMS test of adolescent male soccer players.

Purpose: The present study was done to specify the impacts of a protocol called “living high, training low and high (LHTLH)”on serum ET-1 and EPO levels as well as the 3000-m performance of endurance runners in Iran’s national team. Method: eight male runners (aged24.4±3.1, height of 180.5±4.2, weight of66.7±3.4 and BMI of20.1±5.0kg/m2) who cooperated voluntarily with regard to middle distance and marathon running (R2M system training) at high and low altitudes. All case studies did 3000-m test and blood samples were taken at a time period of 24-hours before and after the test. The intended tasks consisted of continuous, interval, aerobic and resistance exercises. The runners were to take part in 16 training sessions each week. It should be noted that the training lasted for 11 weeks according to (LHTLH) protocol. Variance with repeated measures (P≤0.05) was utilized as the method to analyze the collected data. Results: It was shown that 3000-m time underwent significant decrease with regard to the time of impact both before and after the training. However, there were not significant changes in EPO (P≥0.05). On the contrary the amount of ET-1 demonstrated significant increase (P≤0.05). Conclusions: The results indicated that 3000-m time at lower altitudes will decrease on account of certain training programs. The reason is not directly related to the level of EPO. It is through hematological and metabolic changes as well as increase of ET-1 levels that performance under hypoxic and normoxic states happens to improve in the real sense.

Background: Sport heritage is increasingly being recognized as a potent instigator of tourism. The convergence of heritage, sport and tourism involves many different and diverse fields, including sport tourism, heritage tourism, sport management. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors on the development of heritage sports tourism with an interpretive structural modeling approach (ISM). Materials and Methods: The present research is applied, qualitative and analytical in terms of nature and purpose, data retrieval, and data analysis method, respectively based on interpretive structural modeling. Data collection tools in this study were library studies, interview and questionnaire based on interpretive structural modeling. In order to identify the factors affecting the development of heritage sports tourism, with the collective agreement of experts and reviewing the research literature, 16 factors affecting the development of heritage sports tourism were identified. Results: According to the third step of the ISM method, the effective factors on the development of heritage sports tourism were classified into 7 levels and the political and governmental dimensions along with the rule of law were at the lowest level of the model (seventh level); these are prioritized in terms of implementation over other dimensions. As a result, officials and managers in the field of tourism and sports tourism should pay special attention to these dimensions in order to provide the ground for the emergence and realization of other dimensions at higher levels of the model. Finally, based on the analysis matrix of influence and dependence, it was determined that the political and governmental dimensions, rule of law, management and supportive factors are among the influence factors; economic dimensions, socio-cultural factors, infrastructure and welfare services, education and research, specialized human resources, technology, heritage sports tourism attractions, heritage, marketing and information and international relations are among the linking factors; and the dimensions of safety and security, complementary attractions and sporting events are among the dependent factors in this research. Conclusion: According to the results of the model, for the development of heritage sports tourism, there must be a serious determination. In this regard, the policies of a nation must be progressive, and in the first step, government with a decisive role must provide the infrastructure.

Background: Functional Movement Screening (FMS) is a tool to determine the individual's potential for the possibility of sports injury. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between functional movement screening scores with flexibility factors, speed and agility in male students in Lorestan province. Materials and Methods: 370 male volunteer students aged 15 to 17 years participated in this study. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship among flexibility, power, speed and agility. Results: The present study showed that there were significant relation between scoring screen for functional movement and flexibility of the left leg, long jumping, high jumping in 15- year- old students. There were significant relations between scoring screen for functional movement and flexibility, flexibility of the right leg, flexibility of the left leg, long jumping, high jumping in 16- year- old students. In addition, in the 17- year- old students, there were significant relation between scoring screen for functional movement and flexibility of left leg, flexibility of the right leg and height jumping. Conclusion: In general, there were significant relation between FMS scores and flexibility and power in three groups of students. The probable cause of this connection can be attributed to in- line lunge tests, Hurdle step, active straight-leg-raise and deep squat, which are directly related to flexibility and power. Therefore, in order to improve the FMS scores of students, it is recommended that students be flexible and able to include in their training program