flexibility

Every year, crises cause extensive and occasionally irreversible damage to countries and human societies affecting communities, economies, and environments. Identifying, proper planning, and optimum managing of crises are among the priorities of government programs and procedures. With the expansion and complexity of the societies and variety and innumerability of crisis-making factors, mere use of traditional methods of reinforcement and crisis management would not be efficient. One of the most important ideas brought about in the present decade for crisis management and urban planning is creating resilient cities in the face of various crises by increasing their capacity in all aspects. The significance of this standpoint is the comprehensive look at crisis-making factors, controlling crises, and reduction of vulnerability, particularly in human resources, which speeds the resilience process. Although all infrastructural or environmental, economic, social-cultural, and organizational or institutional aspects have been taken into consideration in resilience, the focus on social and cultural capacitating in each and every citizen would be greatly effectual in a developing country such as Iran. This land endures weak infrastructures and structures, but enjoys a rich cultural and national support from the citizens’ creativity and participation that can help us with achieving the goal of flexibility in crisis management by spending the least amount of time and money. In the present paper, the experiences of other nations and novel concepts such as creative cities, resistant development, principles of futures study and planning, and process-oriented strategic management have been studied along with the current state of Iran. Finally, the method of “Strategic Futures Study and Planning based on GIS” is suggested as a suitable approach in crisis management planning. In the author’s point of view, complete use of this method could help us significantly reduce the losses of disasters and pioneer in the field of crisis management among developing countries.<br /> <strong> </strong>

The present study aimed to compare the effects of physical, cognitive and combined rehabilitation on improving working memory and cognitive flexibility of the elderly living in the nursing home. This quasi-experimental study was carried out with a pretest-posttest design in four groups with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all elderly residents of a nursing home in Tehran. 48 people were selected randomly and divided into four groups (three experimental groups and one control group). For the experimental groups, intervention programs, including physical, cognitive, and combined rehabilitation, were conducted in three sessions of one hour each week for two months. The data were collected using a working memory capacity scale and a cognitive flexibility inventory (CFI). Data was analyzed using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS software version 22. The results showed that all three types of rehabilitation programs have a significant effect on improving the working memory and cognitive flexibility of the elderly (P <0.001). Also, the mean of the groups in the pre-test and post-test stages showed that among the three programs, the combined rehabilitation program had more efficacy in improving the working memory and cognitive flexibility of the elderly and there was no difference between the two types of physical and cognitive rehabilitation programs (P> 0.001) According to the findings, combined rehabilitation programs can be effective in improving the working memory and cognitive flexibility due to the focus on both physical and cognitive aspects.

This study explores the use of influence strategies and social mechanisms by the manufacturer to achieve supplier flexibility. Major components of marketing research of previous studies related to influence strategies and measures flexibility in the supply chain context are used. This empirical study utilized 300 survey samples from senior management at Small Medium Enterprises (SME)s. Results show that using influence strategies has positive effects on supplier mix flexibility. Furthermore, the effects of trust on shared vision is positive on manufacturer flexibility.

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of transformational leadership on citizenship behaviors with respect to the role of self-determination-based identification, supervisor: identification and organizational identification. Methodology: The present study is descriptive in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. It is also considered a field study in terms of data collection. The data collection tool is questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated and confirmed by technical experts and experts of the hospital human resources department and, its reliability using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the study is all the staff of Rasool Akram Hospital. Using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling method, 220 people were studied as the final sample of the research. Structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The results showed that employees’ identification (organizational identification, supervisor identification and self-determination-based identification) had a significant mediating role in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusion: Finally, in order to promote identification with the aim of strengthening the citizenship behaviors of employees in this field of healthcare and treatment, practical suggestions were presented

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediator role of the capital business path in the relationship between hope, resiliency and self-efficacy as the three components of positive organizational behavior and job performance. Methodology: The statistical population of the research is all employees in the organizations located in Isfahan city. The sample consisted of 217 people who were randomly selected from the staff in three companies. Five Self-evaluation questionnaires were used for collecting data. Findings: The results of statistical analysis showed that three variables of hope, resilience and self-efficacy had a positive and significant effect on the job performance indirectly through capital business path. The results also showed that direct effect of hope on job performance was not significant, but direct effect of self-efficacy and resilience was positive and significant. Discussion: These findings indicated the role of the capital business path in directing the common motivational factor of three constructs of positive organizational behavior of hope, resilience and self-efficacy.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to design a jiهادی management model in Islamic Azad University; Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of purpose, exploratory in terms of mixed method and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research included experts from Islamic Azad University at the educational and executive level. To determine the samples of this study, ten people were selected using targeted non-random sampling method and saturation principle. The statistical population of the quantitative sector, including all managers and senior experts of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and the Central Organization of the Islamic Azad University, was 480 people, using Cochran's formula and stratified random sampling method, 214 people as sample size. Selected. To collect data, semi-structured interview tools and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. To validate the instrument in the qualitative part of the research, the valuable opinions of professor’s familiar with the field and academic experts who were experts in this field were used, and the reliability of the experiment and the method of agreement within the subject were used to calculate the reliability of the interviews. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, content and structure validity were used and reliability was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability, which showed the validity and reliability of the tool. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part of theoretical coding was derived from the method of fundamental data processing theory. In the quantitative and inferential part, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used using Smart Pls-v2 software. Results: The results of the study showed that participation, contentment, institutionalizing moral values ​​and giving importance to the treasury were influential factors on jiهادی management and effective factors of jiهادی management including self-confidence, transformation, hard work and speed of action in Things are. Also, the components of jiهادی management in Islamic Azad University include management for God, provincial management, flexibility, structure and appropriate organization. According to the identified factors, finally, the jiهادی management model was presented in Islamic Azad University, which had a suitable fit. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that there is a direct and significant relationship between the defined components and the jiهادی management model in the society of free universities of the country and these components are effective in explaining jiهادی management in society.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the learning organization and the components of the organization agility model in the metal production industries of Kaveh Industrial Town. Methodology: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of data type. The statistical population of the study consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative part includes experts who use the purposeful sampling method and the principle of saturation of 25 people and the quantitative part includes all employees of the metal products industry of Kaveh industrial town, who use the purposeful sampling method with special conditions in mind as 300 people. Sample size was selected. In the qualitative section, the fuzzy Delphi process was used for the relationship between the learning organization and the components of the agility model of the organization, and the interpretive structural model (ISM) was used for the classification and leveling of the agility components. In the quantitative part, the structural equation model was used using Smart PLS software. Findings: The findings showed that the greatest impact on agility by transformational leadership, followed by learning organization, accountability, flexibility, organizational change, information technology and customer satisfaction. Conclusion: The results showed that the factors of information technology, transformational leadership, learning organization, flexibility, responsiveness, organizational change and customer satisfaction are the main structures of the organizational agility model of metal products industries in Kaveh industrial town.

The intervention of urban design in Irans architectural structures has been for many years a challenging issue for architects and urban designers over their professional realm. The preservation of architectural structures in Iran has always resorted to extremes. This control and direction has sometimes resulted in exclusion of architecture position and has sometimes, once faced with lack of proper direction, led to confusion in urban realm and environment. This study reviews the theoretical literature including issues such as context, urban design realm as well as urban design control and then investigates a number of case studies selected from urban design measures carried out in Iran in order to identify the weaknesses and the reasons behind them. In regard to the theoretical basis achieved through literature review and the current procedures in Iran and also an analytic framework research, it seems that through modification of the executive system, implementation process for projects, application of urban design review tools for projects controlling, attention to gradual enlargement of cities and lack of certainty in design predictions in urban design process, the current challenge in Iran among architects and urban designers can be minimized. So the results of this analysis will illustrate a new vision- a native one - for alternative policies in relation between architecture structures and urban design controls.

Despite the availability of extensive facilities for children, the effect of environment on creativity of children is often ignored. It is a fact that children can attend the playgrounds in city parks, independently, from age 6, therefore they become exposed to influence of the environment during this age period. It is necessary to design playgrounds for children to improve their creativity. The objective here is to assess the effects of physical components of the playgrounds in city parks on creativity of children of ages 6 to 12. A descriptive- analytic method is adopted in this study. This method is adopted to achieve the theoretical perspectives and correlations between the variables and indices, through analysis. At this stage, the data are collected from a selected statistical population through field research and closed response researcher designed questionnaire and the effective variables are determined by factor analysis and correlation. By applying path analysis method using of Smart PLS1 software program based on the relations between the variables, the study model is provided. The results indicate that there exists a significant correlation between the environmental factors and creativity and regarding the rate of effectiveness of the physical factors on creativity, the variety factor is more effective, followed by physical liveliness and flexibility factors, respectively.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stability (DNS) training on performance (lower limb strength, flexibility, fall risk) and quality of life in the elderly. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. This research was performed on 30 elderly males, aged 60-70 years in Qom Province, Iran in 2021. The examined elderly were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups (n=15/group). Furthermore, the experimental group participated in three 45-minute weekly sessions of DNS training for 6 weeks. To collect the necessary information before and after applying the training protocol, tint tests, 30-second seat sitting test, sitting and delivery test, TUG test, and SF-36 questionnaire were used. The obtained data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Paired Samples t-test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The ANCOVA results indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in motor function, fall risk, quality of life, lower limb strength, and flexibility (P<0.05). The collected mean scores outlined that the experimental group performed better than the control group. Conclusion: Due to the effectiveness of DNS training on physical function and the very high importance of the elderly lifestyle, it is recommended that the provided training protocol be used for prevention and rehabilitation, increase the level of physical fitness and quality of life as a low-cost treatment, among the elderly.

INTRODUCTION: Increasing the incidence of natural disasters around the world has led to increased concerns about the social and economic development of developed countries. Natural disasters are inevitable, but they can be taken to reduce their negative impacts on countries. Organizations involved in managing these crises must regulate their supply chain and make the necessary changes to improve the performance of the humanitarian supply chain. METHODS: Data analysis by partial least squares method (PLS) was performed using smart-pls2 software and a researcher-made questionnaire with 25 questions that examined six structures. In this research, 320 questionnaires have been distributed. In the statistical population of the survey, there are military centers, fire brigades, Omer Crescent population, emergency 115, crisis management and renovation committee in the parliament, governorate, municipalities, supply chain managers, Active practitioners in this field, subject specialists (reference persons and perpetrators in this field), and other members of the organizations involved in rescue and rescue operations in Tehran (randomly selected from the 22 areas). Eventually, 193 people were involved in relief and rescue operations. The reliability of the model has been investigated and verified through three ways of evaluating factor load coefficients, Cronbach's alpha coefficients, composite reliability (CR). The average variance extracted (AVE) values are greater than 0.5, and CR values are larger than AVEs. That means convergent validity. Also, the mean of the AVE for each structure is greater than 0.50 and this is a sign of convergent validity. FINDINGS: For the model, GOF is 0.56; that means the model has a great fit. The statistics above show that the proposed model is suitable for data collection. In general, the proposed model confirms the relationship between the use of information technology, mutual trust, flexibility, agility, adaptability and performance of the humanitarian supply chain. Fit statistics have four indicators: Goodness of Fitness (GFI) of 0.92, Fitted Goodness Index (AGFI) of 0.9, Root RMSEA error of 0.04, and 360.88 x 360 times. Finally, the ratio of k2 to the degree of freedom for 1.38 is obtained, indicating the good of fitness of the model fit with the data. With the aid of p-values and T-Values 8 hypotheses were confirmed in this modeling. CONCLUSION: The results show that the agility and flexibility of organizations in the humanitarian supply chain are related to the use of information technology and organizational trust, which in turn affects performance.

In a different context, the user's needs in a housing apartment are constantly changing; it is required that the provided house, by having flexibility, can always be responsive to the user's needs in various situations, which would be a challenge for specialized areas of housing, including design. To perform a flexible housing design, the architects face many different design solutions and variables, leading to confusion in this field. So, the objective of this study is to identify these variables and achieve an effective solution by considering their priority of them. The variables of this study were proposed in three scales of macro, medium, and micro according to the previous valid research studies in the field of flexible housing. Then, the variables have been evaluated using the specialist's idea through the Fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). The Friedman test has been used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaires and achieve a valid ranking, which performs the ranking by calculating the mean rank for each variable. According to the results of data analysis, the characteristics of "spatial expansion and division," which means the possibility of space to be expanded (the expansion) or divided (the contraction), as the medium scale of housing design, has the greatest impact on the housing flexibility. On the macro scale, the "structure" component, and the micro-scale, the "use of flexible elements" provide the highest effectiveness in this regard. Moreover, as the medium scale, the modular design of space falls in the second place of influence compared to all other variables. Increasing the properties of spatial expansion and spatial division can be an effective design strategy for achieving flexibility in apartment housing. Also, modular space designing and flexible elements have been introduced as two solutions in the next priorities. All are considered small and medium scales and can be prioritized in designing flexible apartment housing.

The grounded theory and structural analysis were employed in this study to propose an optimal policy model for cultural organizations at Iran’s Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism in the dimensions of flexibility, ethical appropriateness, and organizational benefit. This is a fundamental study with exploratory research designs. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes all faculty members, professors, and managers, whereas that of the quantitative section includes all the second-rate managers and employees of Iran’s Ministry of Cultural Heritage Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. According to the research findings, the optimal policy model for cultural organizations had a positive effect on flexibility. also had a positive effect on ethical appropriateness, through the grounded theory and structural analysis at the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism. Finally, it had a positive effect on organizational benefit through the grounded theory and structural analysis at the Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism.

Background: Functional Movement Screening (FMS) is a tool to determine the individual's potential for the possibility of sports injury. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between functional movement screening scores with flexibility factors, speed and agility in male students in Lorestan province. Materials and Methods: 370 male volunteer students aged 15 to 17 years participated in this study. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship among flexibility, power, speed and agility. Results: The present study showed that there were significant relation between scoring screen for functional movement and flexibility of the left leg, long jumping, high jumping in 15- year- old students. There were significant relations between scoring screen for functional movement and flexibility, flexibility of the right leg, flexibility of the left leg, long jumping, high jumping in 16- year- old students. In addition, in the 17- year- old students, there were significant relation between scoring screen for functional movement and flexibility of left leg, flexibility of the right leg and height jumping. Conclusion: In general, there were significant relation between FMS scores and flexibility and power in three groups of students. The probable cause of this connection can be attributed to in- line lunge tests, Hurdle step, active straight-leg-raise and deep squat, which are directly related to flexibility and power. Therefore, in order to improve the FMS scores of students, it is recommended that students be flexible and able to include in their training program

Human is a compatible creature with the ability to grow the modern knowledge and new patterns of activity. Social pressures and cultural norms could affect formation of behavioral patterns and attitudes of urban planners. However, the framework is not static and could be changed over the time and the urban planners are responsible for controlling, conducting and evaluating the reflection of these changes and playing role in their formation. It should be noted that with such speed of changes in the current cities, realization of a degree of flexibility if required and the future prospects could clear flexible and creative cities as the contexts for economic, social and cultural development of societies and urban spaces could be important sites to meet needs of citizens and formation of social activities. Now in this study, which is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature, the main objective is to recognize required components in formation of flexible urban space in Iran and to measure the perceptions and expectations of flexible urban spaces in Iran. It should be mentioned that achievement of these spaces with flexibility capabilities needs firstly some preconditions including accessibility, diversity and readability. In this regard, at the first, qualitative data are collected using library method and the literature is reviewed to identify the most important components involved in formation of flexible urban space and then, the data are measured in frame of Delphi Method. Then, to clear the differences between expectations and perceptions, a questionnaire is used for paired mean comparison of components. Due to the difference between the existing and expected conditions, this issue was confirmed. Finally, for better understanding of the difference and using the gap scatter plot, relevant factors of physical system and energy were placed in the part of balanced and fixed factors, factors related to spatial and functional system and meeting needs of citizens as the problem and relevant factors of formation process and role of citizens in growth balance were observed.