درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of studying the essential components of curriculum social education in the elementary period. Methodology: The statistical population of the study included upstream documents such as the Transformation Document and the National Curriculum, both fully analyzed and analyzed. The statistical population and the statistical sample are equal in this research. The sample was the subject of the research. The results of this research show that social education in upstream documents is not as good as the goals. In the goals, the cognitive dimension is considered more than two other dimensions. Functional dimension has been neglected. To succeed, a program requires full attention to all three dimensions (cognitive, emotional, and functional). Findings: According to the research findings, the essential components of social education are the sense of truth of truth; tendency toward goodness; tendency towards gamal; tendency to creativity; virtue; aestheticism; creativity and innovation; love and worship; an inherent tendency toward worship ; Perfectionism; desire for immortality; truthfulness; desire for goodness; human tendency towards absolute perfection and worship; human tendency toward absolute perfection and worship; nature and freedom; nature and authority; opposition to human humility against one's being with fitting ; The integrity of jihad and defense; nature and justice; the requirements of nature regarding the homework and social rights of individuals; The integrity of the building of the tomb and its pilgrimage; the nature of truth-seeking and realism and adherence to the right. Discussion: The essential components of social education are the reference to the universe for the subjection of science; the adherence to science; the innate nature of science to the outside world; the innate logic of thought through the compilation of the premises And deduction from it; the nature of love; the nature of the attenuation and the nature of the possibility; the subjection of nature; the nature of the hope and the rhya; the nature of the illness and the nature of the defect and the principle of the principle.

Purpose: Teachers, like other human beings are affected by the fallacy of ‘Halo Effect’. Regarding their role in teaching and training students, this study tried to investigate the halo effect in relation to appearance, gender, and proficiency of teachers. Methodology: In order to perform such an evaluation, this study used 350 males and female EFL students and 53 males and female EFL teachers of universities and institutes of Karaj. Three questionnaires (appearance, gender, and proficiency questionnaires) were designed and evaluated. The questionnaires were distributed among students and after the students answered them the questionnaires were gathered. Findings: The results of this study showed that proficiency was the most important feature for both male and female students. The second important feature for students was teacher's appearance. Gender was the least important feature of a teacher for students. The students think of the proficiency as the most important factor. According to the results of data analysis of students' final marks in real situation (classroom environment), the most important factor affecting the achievement of students in a positive way was appearance of a teacher. Thus, appearance of a teacher can cause halo effect. Teachers and educational system can benefit from the results of this study. Conclusion: Teachers should be sensitive to proficiency and appearance in order to be better teachers, and educational system can understand strengths and weaknesses of the process of hiring teachers regarding appearance and proficiency.

Introduction: This paper examines legal dimensions and issues of electronic business companies and on the basis of that, this main question is proposed “what are the significant and main legal challenges in the arena of electronic business? Methodology: This paper is descriptive-analytical (qualitative) and applies deduction methodology using understanding power of researcher in appreciating legal scans related to electronic business based on available facts, evidence and cues. Findings: Research findings indicated that the main and significant challenges facing electronic business companies are jurisdiction interference, agreement validities, supporting consumer rights, information confidentiality and copyright. Conclusion: Electronic Business Company is an electronic company based on electronic business that its identity is related to the concept of electronic business, as with removal of electronic component, this becomes meaningless and its activities stops. In this way, the emergence of electronic business companies is related to the concept of electronic business and development of electronic business is along with spreading its definition. Electronic component of electronic business companies also indicates modern information and communication technology that only includes internet, intranet, and command codes of mobile phone and doesn’t include other telephone communications like fixed and mobile phone, fax, telegram, etc.

Purpose: The current research was done with employing comparative studies and its aim was developing a perceptual appropriate framework of Iranian teacher’s dispatch to schools abroad. Methodology: The Iran's dispatch component and the selective countries, (included: America, France, Germany, Canada, England, Russia, Australia, Turkish, Japan, South Korean and Singapore) was identified and extracted for the developing of a perceptual appropriate framework. Then descriptive method for validation and presenting an appropriate perceptual framework was employed. In the last three period of dispatch, all accepted teachers were included in statistical society which 250 of them, were selected in simple random sampling. Their questionnaires had a lot of components which it was needed for their dispatch in abroad. For doing this research, 54 factors in conceptual model were determined as observed variables and 8 extracted factors from exploratory factor analysis as latent variable and the dispatch of teachers as second latent variable, were determined too. Findings: The findings show that all factors had significant meaning on their own factors and management authority, selecting and protection, mastering on computer, interviewing, mastering on language, professional competence, health and test, respectively had the most load of factor and the most weight of factor in the second dispatch of teachers in abroad. Discussion: Therefore, the appropriate perceptual framework of the dispatch of Iranian teachers in abroad, was a combination of normalized components in the dispatch model of Iranian teachers and selective countries in abroad. So it's worthy that we consider the archived factors and their components which had the most load of factor in the new method of letter for the further selections.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify the effective factors of creative problem solving in Tehran's education principals in order to provide an appropriate model that is done by exploratory. Methodology: The statistical population consists of all principals of female high school in Tehran's 22 educational districts, which number is 850 people. Of this community, 304 respondents answered the questionnaire in full. The questionnaire for effective factors on creative problem solving was 47 questions in order to determine the effective factors on creative problem solving in education principals, which identified eight factors through 47 items and the components are as follows: individual characteristics of 72.58, 66.567 information, organizational atmosphere and culture 60.234, rules and regulations 59.659, and rewarding and motivational system 52.693% of the total varianc. Findings: All of the observed variables measure the recognized and meaningful values of the identified factors. Discussion: Since the study found that the model has a very good validity and credibility, it can be used as an appropriate diagnostic tool for selecting managers.