مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Iran


۲۶۱.

The Impacts of a Nationwide High-Stakes Test from High School Teachers and Principals' Perspectives: A Qualitative Study

کلیدواژه‌ها: High-Stakes Test impact INUEE Iran Test fairness

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۰۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۴
Iranian National University Entrance Exam (INUEE) as a nationwide high-stakes test is held annually to screen Iranian high school graduates and admit them into higher education programs in universities. This high-stakes examination has a wide range of impacts on test takers as the primary stake-holders and the parents, teachers, and high school principals as the secondary stakeholders. This study reports the impacts of INUEE on high school teachers and principals. To this aim, 27 teachers and 18 principals from three western provinces of Iran sat for a structured interview. Each interview lasted nearly 30 minutes. All the interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Next, following the Grounded Theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) as the basis of analysis, the transcriptions were subjected to content analysis to extract common patterns and recurring themes. Content analysis was applied to codify the transcribed interview data through an inductive process of frequent moving back and forth to extract common patterns and recurring themes of the data. After coding and 'quantitizing' the data (Dörnyei, 2007), the basic themes were identified, frequency counted, and tabulated. The results indicated that from the majority of the participants' perspective, the INUEE has detrimental consequences for students, teachers, school principals, and the educational curriculum. The findings of the study underscore the consequential invalidity and unfairness of the test and its negative impacts on different aspects of the educational system. The findings provide practical implications for educational policy-makers, school principals, and teachers highlighting the necessity of their awareness of negative consequences of INUEE.
۲۶۲.

Faire une classe virtuelle du FLE en Iran: Les défis et les avantages pédagogiques(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

تعداد بازدید : ۸۸ تعداد دانلود : ۷۷
Ces dernières années, l'importance des nouvelles technologies et leur rôle dans l'avancement des programmes éducatifs sont devenus plus clairs pour tout le monde. Avec l'épidémie de Covid-19, les activités sociales, y compris le système éducatif, ont été restreintes et même fermées. Dans une telle situation, la question de l'éducation basée sur les nouvelles technologies est devenue très forte. Par conséquent, le but de cette étude était d'analyser la mise en œuvre de l'enseignement en ligne du français en Iran dans un contexte institutionnel et d'identifier les défis et les opportunités qui en résultent. La population statistique comprenait des apprenants et des enseignants de la langue française qui étudiaient et enseignaient cette langue à l’Institut des Langues d’Iran. Les instruments d’enquête utilisés dans cette recherche sont trois questionnaires à structure de réponses fermées aussi bien que l'observation des cours en ligne de français. L'analyse des données a été réalisée à l'aide du logiciel SPSS 27. Selon les résultats, la mise en place de l'enseignement en ligne du français est modérée au sein des instituts en Iran et crée de bonnes opportunités d'apprentissage pour plusieurs personnes, mais, à la fois, les barrières économiques, techniques, éducatives, stratégiques, culturelles et juridiques sont identifiées comme les obstacles les plus importantes au développement de ce type d'enseignement. En même temps, en supprimant ces obstacles, une plate-forme pour le développement de l'éducation numérique dans notre pays peut être fournie et ses avantages peuvent être maximisés.
۲۶۳.

The Effect of Nostalgia on the Pull Motivation of Tourist Destinations, Amazing Behavior and Loyalty Among Tourists (Case Study: Kashan Rosewater Cultural Festival)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Nostalgia Pull Motivation Patronage Behavior Travel Intention Kashan Rosewater Cultural Festival Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۸
Nowadays, customer satisfaction is regarded as a strategic and influential factor for the success of various businesses. On the other hand, tourism, the world's largest and most diverse industry, is also a significant source of income and job creation for many countries. Therefore, the present study examines the effect of nostalgia, experiential marketing, and experiential values as relatively novel concepts on satisfaction in the tourism industry. In light of the COVID-19 outbreak, the research population includes all tourists who have previously visited the Kashan Rosewater Festival. Furthermore, since the population size is uncertain, it is assumed unlimited. A convenience sampling method was used to select sample members from the population. Methodologically, it is a descriptive survey study based on the subject matter under investigation. It is also a correlational study. A partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used to analyze the questionnaire results. Based on our findings, nostalgia affects pull motivation, patronage behavior, and future travel intention. However, pull motivation does not influence travel intentions.
۲۶۴.

Comparison of Utilization of Sports Venues in Selected Universities in Iran and Canada(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Canada Iran Sports Venues university Utilization

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۸ تعداد دانلود : ۸۵
The goal of this study was to compare the use of sports facilities of selected universities in Iran with some Canadian universities. This study was comparative and data collection was done through interviews with directors of physical education departments of the selected universities. All the universities studied in this paper are faced with a crisis of financial resources and revenue generation; however, a common weak point of Iranian universities is that they lack initial plan for efficient design as well as expert designers in construction of university spaces. Based on the findings, in the Canadian universities the facilities have the highest multi-purpose applications. Accordingly, practical and applicable recommendations have been suggested to office of development plans of Iran’s ministry of science, research and technology to improve the operation of sports facilities in Iranian universities.
۲۶۵.

The Iranian Islamic Revolution and Its Impact on the Authentic Identity-Seeking of the Alevi Community in Turkey(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Islamic revolution Iran Turkey Aleviism Diffusion Theory Identity

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۷ تعداد دانلود : ۹۸
The Alawite community, who according to the Supreme Leader are "orphans of the family of Muhammad", believe in following the school of Ahl-ul-Bayt (a.s) is still rooted in them. However, throughout the history of Alawism, due to the influence of some religious movements, policies and targeted political-cultural planning, they have suffered from a mixed and multifaceted identity and nature. Therefore, the trustees of this field have a kind of religious and customary duty to celebrate some religious holidays and ceremonies with a detailed and comprehensive planning and focusing on the common aspects with the Alevi community, that is, a special belief in the Imams (a.s.). And finally, believing in the principles, pillars, and values of the school of Ahl- ul-Bayt (a.s), take fundamental steps in the direction of reviving the true religious identity of the Alevi community. (Question) The current research has tried to analyze and evaluate the impact of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in restoring the true identity of the Turkish Alevi community based on the descriptive-analytical method and according to the "diffusion theory" from the words of ideological leaders. (Methodology) In general, Alevi leaders believe that today, with the blessing of the Iranian Islamic Revolution and the correct understanding of the Ahl- ul-Bayt (a.s) school, efforts are being made to introduce the correct principles and traditions to the Alevi society. In this regard, it is a great responsibility for Alevi leaders and sects to keep the Alevi community safe from threats by educating the Ahl-ul -Bayt (a.s.)
۲۶۶.

The Logic of Deterrence in the Foreign Policy of I.R. Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Security Foreign policy deterrence Defense strategy political culture

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۵
The defense strategies of each country are a response to regional and international threats. Countries that have historically been under threat and aggression are more concerned about their existential security than other states. Iran's defense system is influenced by its strategic culture in various ways. This political culture, which has been formed and changed by facing numerous threats and challenges, significantly impacts the national defense approach. For this reason, the issue of security and deterrence has been a vital issue for different governments in Iran. Since the Iranian Islamic Revolution, Islam has been the core of the country's security and defense policies. For this reason, understanding Islam's approach to the concept of defense and security in Iran's foreign policy is essential. Consequently, using the discourse analysis method, this research investigates the hidden meaning in the texts to analyze the concept of deterrence in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article examines the religious logic of deterrence in the Islamic Republic by evaluating the oral and written documents and fatwas of the supreme leader. The findings of this research show that the nature of Iran's defense strategy in the framework of Islamic thought is based on an active deterrence strategy against regional and international threats and maintaining its second-strike capability to prevent the risk of war against Iran.
۲۶۷.

France-U.S. Negotiations on Iran Sanctions during the 1979 Hostage Crisis (Based on France’s Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs Declassified Archived Documents)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: France hostage crisis Iran the U.S Sanctions Strategic autonomy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۱
One of the most critical issues in Iran's foreign policy is European countries' foreign policy toward the Iran-US crisis. The hostage crisis in Tehran on November 4, 1979 (Aban 13, 1358 SH) was the first Iran-US crisis to affect Iran's relations with Western countries. This study aims to investigate the following question: "What were the French policies toward the hostage crisis, and how were they formed?" To answer this question, the “strategic autonomy” framework was utilized to comprehend France's foreign policy. This research employs a "historical case study" methodology, which critically analyzes historical documents, such as press documents, official reactions, and diplomatic documents. The findings of this study indicate that the French foreign policy of this period can be analyzed using the concept of "strategic autonomy." In its relations with Iran, France adopted the policy of "independently regulating relations with a third country," "independence in foreign policy decision-making," and "ensuring the well-being of citizens," whereas in its relations with the US, it followed the policy of non-interference in the US's reciprocal crisis with the third party and maintaining economic interests.
۲۶۸.

Pilgrimage and Conflict Resolution: The Case of Interpersonal Contact between Iranians and Iraqis in the Arbaeen Walk(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Conflict Resolution Contact Theory Iran Iraq Pilgrimage

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۶
Given the history of conflict between Iran-Iraq (1980-1988), the present paper investigates whether interpersonal contact between Iranians and Iraqis, through religious tourism, has assisted in changing the perception of the Iranians toward the Iraqis. To this aim, the researcher chooses the Arbaeen Pilgrimage—the world’s largest annual gathering in Karbala—and the interaction of the Iranians with Iraqis as its case study. To observe the cultural contact of foot pilgrims to Karbala, the researcher traveled to Iraq in 2019 for five days to participate in a 78 km. walk from Najaf to Karbala. The paper uses semi-structured face-to-face interview as research method.  To account for diverse demographic characteristics of pilgrims, potential participants were approached randomly. Overall, 24 interviews with 14 female and 10 male Iranian pilgrims were conducted. Participants comprised Iranian people aged 14 to 57. Each interview lasted from 20-35 minutes. The paper uses integrated threat theory and Contact Theory to analyze the data. It will be argued that under Gordon Allport four optimal conditions-- i.e., a.) equal status; b.) common goals; c.) intergroup cooperation, and d.) support of social and institutional authorities-- intergroup contact between Iranians and Iraqis has helped in reducing prejudice, while diminishing old hostilities.
۲۶۹.

Economic Resilience in Challenging Times: A Crossroads of Russia's Experience and Prospects for Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Economic Resilience economic resistance Western sanctions SWOT analysis Iran Russia

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۰
significance, as they have grappled with enduring economic and political sanctions imposed by Western powers. Over time, both Iran and Russia have confronted a series of sanctions targeting their economic and financial sectors. In response to the adverse effects of these sanctions, both nations have embraced a strategy of 'resistance.' Experts contend that financial and economic sanctions induce substantial shifts in a country's macroeconomic landscape, prompting the adoption of distinct policies and strategic orientations. Against this backdrop, this research undertakes a comprehensive examination and analysis of the discourses surrounding economic resistance and resilient economies in Iran and the Russian Federation, with a focus on elucidating their commonalities and disparities. The research methodology employed in this study is the SWOT analysis method. Findings reveal that both Iran and Russia, while contending with Western sanctions, have pursued the implementation of resilient economy and economic resistance strategies, respectively. Iran's resilient economy signifies a transition towards long-term economic resilience rooted in religious principles. Conversely, Russia's economic resistance constitutes a short-term response to sanctions driven by political considerations".
۲۷۰.

Una crítica sobre el modelo actual de enseñanza de teorías de traducción en Irán y ofrecer el modelo de André Lefevere como alternativa

نویسنده:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۴ تعداد دانلود : ۵۵
Enseñanza de las teorías de la traducción en Irán, a pesar de todos los valiosos esfuerzos llevados a cabo en este campo, sigue teniendo muchas escaseces. La parte teórica de los libros de enseñanza de traducción normalmente dictan normas fijas para traducir los textos. Este articulo, intenta estudiar estos modelos desde el punto de vista de estudios descriptivos y ofrecer una alternativa basada en teoría de André Lefevere.
۲۷۱.

The Impact of Rural Information and Communication Technology on Indicators of Development of Creative Villages in Iran (Case Study: Mashhad Suburban Settlements)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) rural settlements Creative Village Indicators Rural development Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۸ تعداد دانلود : ۸۷
Purpose- The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has an effect on development of Creative Villages as a new approach in using the existing rural capabilities and capacities to revive the rural areas. This study seeks to analyze the impact of RICT on the indicators of development of Creative Villages in suburban settlements in Mashhad County.Design/methodology/approach- A descriptive-analytical research method was employed in this fundamental study, and documentary and survey methods have been used for collecting the data. The study population included households in 8 villages around Mashhad (N = 20813). These villages had a rural ICT office and a population of over 1,000 households. The sample was estimated using Cochran's formula; accordingly, 194 households were selected by systematic random sampling.Finding- Spatial analysis of the main variables was performed using Combined Compromise Solution and fuzzy gray analysis. The result showed that the villages of Gorji Sofla, Hosseinabad Gharghi, Dostabad and Dehroud have the highest, and the villages of Kal Zarkash and Chahar Borj have the lowest level of use of RICT services and the indicator of the Creative Village. Using the partial least squares (PLS) technique, among the research indicators, "promoting and training" with the coefficient of 0.591 had the most direct effect on the dependent variable. Also, variable dimension of "awareness of RICT services", considering the direct and indirect effects, with a coefficient of 0.816, has had a greater impact on the indicators of development of Creative Villages in rural settlements. Given the value of R2 (0.998), we concluded that RICT has a high-level impact on the indicators of development of Creative Villages.
۲۷۲.

The Review of Mutual Relationships Between the Nīzām Shāhī Dynasty and the Safavids

کلیدواژه‌ها: Nīzām Shāhī dynasty Safavid Shi’a religion commercial relations India Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۲
Iran-India relations are deeply rooted in history,going back to the onset of Indo-migration. Based on the policy of neighborhood, their relationshipgrew smoothly in the spheres of commerce and tradeand thentheir cultural relations and exchangesforged. Thecommercial convergence and cultural similarities between two nations extendedthroughout the Islamic age, followed by the Muslimization of Iran and some parts of the western and southern India. However, the promotion of their relationships can be seenthroughout the relations of the Safavids with the Bāberiyān and Shi’a-ruled states in south Indiasuch asBahmani, Adil Shāhī and Qutb Shāhī and particularlyNīzām Shāhī.It seems that The Shi’areligion have greatly affected these governments to be closer to the Safavids in Iran as aShi’a-ruled state. According to the research sources, the growth of Shi’a-ruled states throughout India began in the 8th century and reached its peak in the 13th century. These states emerged in some areas such as Kashmir, southern India, Awadh and Bengal. The factors behind the spread of Shi’as throughout India have been the presence of Iranian Shi’a Muslim scholars and businesspersons and the propaganda of Shia missionaries. However, not only didthese Shi’as, especially Nīzām Shāhī dynastyshare the religious similarities with Safavids, but also they were considered one of the significant trading partners of this state, who was knownas the main economic, political and religioussponsor of Shi’a-ruled states and Nīzām Shāhī in India in this period. This study aims to investigate the elements affecting the relationships between the Safavids and the Nīzām Shāhīsconsidering the political developments of thisDynasty.“Which factors have created huge impacts on the interpersonal growth of relations between two governments” and “how much impressionsthese relations have had on the political policies of Nīzām Shāhī Dynasty?”To explorethe raised questions, this papertries to hypothesizethe Shi’a-ruled states like the Nīzām Shāhī dynastyin South India have been given the supportof Safavid dynastyin the economic, political and cultural spheres for antagonism towards the Sunnislike the Bāboriyānsin India. Ultimately, what brought about the overthrow of the Shi’a-ruled statesin southern India, such as the Nīzām Shāhī dynasty was that the increased Bāboriyāns’power in northern India had been simultaneous with the vicissitudes of Safavids’ power in Iran. This researchin a descriptive-analytic method has used original library resources.
۲۷۳.

Press Legal Regime in Iran: Flexibility and Adaptability with New Communication Technologies(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Internet Press law IRI Constitution Press Supervisory Board

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۵ تعداد دانلود : ۹۹
This paper argues that Iran needs to review and reform its press legal regime with much greater consideration for new technologies in today’s information society arena. A free press is one of the few, and possibly the only, means to force the government to be held accountable for its actions. The history of press law in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) dates back to the creation of the first legislation (1930) in this country. Today, with the innovative advances in communication and the needs of “netizens” (a term for citizens who use networks for communication), the IRI Press Law does not have sufficient flexibility with international documents or reflect the impact of new technologies regarding the freedom of expression. Therefore, many of the questions in this era remain unanswered
۲۷۴.

Eurasian Economic Union – Iran Partnership on Bilateral and Multilateral Basis: Economic and Geopolitical Aspects(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Interim Trade Agreement strategy Politics the Middle East

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۹۵ تعداد دانلود : ۸۹
The recent signing of the Interim Trade Agreement between Eurasian economic union (EAEU) and Iran has been the subject of political discussion. The future of cooperation between these two parties may shift the look of the Middle East and solve numerous problems, characteristic for the region and for EAEU. Russia as a key player in EAEU plays a significant role in the process of cooperation with Iran. The article aims at: a) revealing the economic and political benefits of cooperation between Iran and EAEU, b) revealing the economic and political benefits of cooperation between Iran and Russia, c) developing a strategy and clarifying the vision of the future of Interim Trade Agreement for EAEU. The key findings of the article incorporate the proof of the effectiveness of trade cooperation between EAEU and Iran and the effectiveness of the development of trade in services between Iran and Russia, based on energy cooperation; the strategy which allows to gain more benefits for EAEU countries and Iran in the process of cooperation under the Agreement and its successor. The novelty of the article comprises from revealing the high potential of such cooperation format and its future and the assessment of political and socio-cultural consequences and benefits of cooperation for both sides
۲۷۵.

Turbulence Management Model in Iran's Middle East Policy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Chaos the Middle East Iran Strategic Management

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۷
The Middle East today can be considered an area with the features of chaos due to its geopolitical structure, complex historical identity and decades of crisis. In this volatile area, security has undergone an extensive alteration, and the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a major actor and historical activist, needs certain behavioral patterns to correspond to the situations and trends of security chaos. The present paper seeks to identify the elements of Iran's regional behavioral patterns in the Middle East security chaos. It is hypothesized that Iran needs to take advantage of patterns of constructive interaction, balancing, geopolitical stability, and Interactive Order-Building to play a regional role in this chaos. A descriptive-analytical method and theoretical modeling is employed to account for the historical process of chaos in the Middle East and Iran's chaos management model in foreign policy.
۲۷۶.

U.S Foreign Policy and Regional Power and Influence of Iran: A Comparison of Bush, Obama and Trump Administrations(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: regional influence Iran Bush Obama Trump

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۲
In the present study, the impact of U.S. foreign policy strategies on Iran's regional power and influence is investigated. The main question is how U.S. foreign policy strategies on the Middle East and Iran during George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump's presidencies affected Iran's regional power and influence. The hypothesis is that various principles and strategies of U.S. foreign policy during Bush, Obama and Trump administrations have led to the greater regional power and influence of Iran. In order to test this hypothesis, after investigating the historical context and selecting a conceptual framework, the impact of U.S. foreign policy on Iran's regional power and influence has been studied. Next, the impact of the U.S. foreign policy strategy on Iran’s regional power and influence, such as aims, interests, behaviors, actions, costs, achievements, effects, and implications are analyzed.
۲۷۷.

Back to Geopolitics: The Problem of Ignoring Iran's Geopolitics(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitics Ideology Iran Islamic revolution Political Islam international system

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۵
Looking at the studies and analyses conducted in the field of Iran's issues with the world, we see the ignorance of Iran's geopolitical aspect. The concern of the present study is why Iran, despite its geopolitical importance, is always analyzed in terms of ideology and political Islam in the international arena? However, given the current geopolitical components and even its future geopolitical advantages, Iran has a potential and actual position and importance at the regional and international levels. The purpose of this study is, first, to highlight the more deliberate neglect of Iran's geopolitical aspect as an existing problem and to show some of its most important effects, and second, to highlight the geopolitical nature of Iran. The data collection method is descriptive-analytical, and they have been analyzed in the framework of the theory of "Geopolitics: The Impact of Politics on Geography" and the analytical framework of "Hermeneutics of Reflection". Based on the analysis of the effects of Iran's geopolitical neglect and with a look at the historical course (contemporary history), the research findings are a set of "historical" and "geopolitical" symbols and signs revealing the importance and determination of Iran's geopolitics, its precedence on political, ideological, cultural aspects, and the error of degradation in terms of geoculture. The result of this study is to ignore Iran's geopolitical aspect, reduce Iran's effective acting power in the international arena by introducing it more as an ideological actor, and put all the pressure on the Islamic Revolution, political Islam and the Islamic State.
۲۷۸.

The Perception of Iranian Teachers on Online Teaching Using Digital Carrier During the COVID-19 Pandemic(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: COVID-19 online classes distance teaching teachers’ perceptions Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۸۶ تعداد دانلود : ۷۲
Purpose: School closures in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused a movement wave to hold classes online. Although, there had been some online classes for some courses, online teaching, and learning for students and school teachers have been an unprecedented experience; consequently, most teachers and students have a limited experience with it. This paper examines the Perception of Iranian Teachers on Distance Teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic Methodology: The research method was a descriptive survey. Data was collected through an online questionnaire with 5 questions, involving 214 participants from schools in Iran. Findings: The findings show it has been the first experience with online classes for most teachers and Creating content for online classes and low levels of teacher's pedagogical digital competence are of the most significant challenges for teachers. Conclusion: Along with these alternations, it has been felt the need for instructional strategies, technological readiness to implement online learning, and teacher training courses with regard to modern technologies, as well as changes in national curricula must be made to increase flexibility and technological readiness.
۲۷۹.

An Evaluation of the Usability of Tourism Destination Websites of Iran and Malaysia: an ANP and DEMATEL Hybrid Method(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Tourism Website Tourism Destination Usability ANP DEMATEL Iran Malaysia

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۸ تعداد دانلود : ۹۰
Background: Official websites of tourism destinations provide an important digital content and are considered as widely-used tools of introducing destinations and presenting tourism products to the potential tourists. Improving the usability of websites helps the tourism destinations in achieving their goals. Websites usability is measured based on different criteria. Purpose: This paper evaluates and compares the usability of Iran and Malaysia official tourism destination websites –which are regarded as quite comparable in their tourism products and market- using seven criteria of content, visual attractiveness, infrastructure, interaction and responsiveness, navigation, customization, and product provision. Method: In order to do this evaluation, pairwise comparison questionnaires of the criteria were developed based on DEMATEL and ANP techniques and were answered online by 10 tourism experts in Iran. Websites’ usability analysis was performed using a combination of two MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) techniques that are DEMATEL and ANP so that the causal relations of the criteria are identified along with the ranking of their significance. Findings: The findings of the research show “infrastructure” as the dispatcher criterion, “product provision” as the receiver, and “content” as the most important criterion in the usability of tourism destinations’ websites. The findings also revealed the superiority of Malaysia’s official tourism website as compared to that of Iran.
۲۸۰.

Clustering of the Iranian Asthma and allergy specialists'''' clinical information-seeking behavior by Neural network analysis(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Clustering Clinical Information Seeking Behavior Cohesion Self Organized Neural Network Asthma & Allergy Research Institute (IAARI) Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۸۳
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the information retrieval and information therapy behavior of Asthma and allergy specialists in the country, based on cohonen self-organized neural network model. Methods: The methodology of the present study, which is an applied study in terms of purpose, has been done by descriptive-survey method using neural network technique. The tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire that was distributed among a sample of people in the community (149 people). After collecting the data, the neural network was selected for data clustering and using MATLAB software, Asthma and allergy specialists were clustered based on the main components of the research. Then, by removing each of the main sub-components of the research, the most effective and least effective option in their information-seeking behavior in working with information resources in this specialized field was determined. Results: The most effective component in clustering information barriers, was "lack of time due to workload" and the least was "distance of libraries and information centers". About information retrieval skills, the most effective component is " knowing what keywords to use when searching the Internet, and to be familiar with synonyms and terms related to the information I need." Conclusion: By studying the clustering of information behaviors resulting from the information needs of Asthma and allergy specialists, their needs are recognized, and this is one of the measures that provides the basis for effective research, appropriate findings and ,consequently, informational decision-making for those involved in this field.