مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Iran


۲۴۱.

Relationship between geopacifics and tourism in cultural diplomacy of Iran

نویسنده:
منبع: Tourism and Hospitality Research, Volume ۷, Issue ۱, Autumn ۲۰۱۹ 31 - 93

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopacifics Peace Tourism Cultural Diplomacy Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۱ تعداد دانلود : ۹۱
Geopacifics has been considered as the objective representation of nations’ and governments’ movement toward peace. Today, countries have tried to achieve it by means of different solution such as general, economic, sport and cultural diplomacies. Among them, one of the important methods is cultural diplomacy by which every country tries to communicate with others depending on its various cultural capabilities and cultural policies. In this regard, tourism is one of the most important cultural tools for better introduction of countries’ cultural policies and expansion of geopacifics in regional and global levels. Present study addresses this topic by descriptive-analytical method and library study. The investigated point of this paper is that Iran has to properly use its cultural diplomacy to reach to a sustainable national security to provide geopacifics in the region. The geographical and geopolitical position of Iran and its various cultural and tourism attraction in addition to its rich ancient civilization are among the important topics in cultural diplomacy of Iran.
۲۴۲.

Genuine Fear or Securitization: Iran and Saudi Arabia’s Threat Perception(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۳۴ - Serial Number ۲, July ۲۰۲۱ 376 - 403

کلیدواژه‌ها: Securitization sincerity fear expression truth verification Saudi Arabia Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۹
Saudi Arabia expresses fears from Iran that are in some cases genuine and in other cases insincere. To see whether or not Saudis are sincere in their fear expressions from Iran, an analytical tool is developed in this paper linking securitization theory to theories of truth-verification. Analyzing Mohammad bin Salman’s interview about Iran with Jeffrey Goldberg from the Atlantic using the indicators extracted from context-oriented theories of deception-detection, this paper demonstrated that the assertions the Saudi Crown Prince made about Iran reflect both true apprehensions and unfounded misrepresentations, with the balance in favor of the latter. This study demonstrated that context-oriented truth verification theories of social sciences are useful in foreign policy studies to distinguish states’ securitizing moves from their sincere fear expressions. The methodology of this article is based on a descriptive-explanatory approach that seeks to shed light on how Saudi leaders try to securitize Iran's identity in the region.
۲۴۳.

Iran and China's Foreign Policy Strategy in Eurasia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۳۴ - Serial Number ۲, July ۲۰۲۱ 437 - 463

کلیدواژه‌ها: Foreign policy Eurasia strategy conflict Cooperation Iran China

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۲
China's foreign policy has undergone a real change since World War II. Since the economic recovery, Beijing has adopted a coherent and clear strategy for all regions, including the Eurasian macro-region. The research question is “what model can be used to analyze China's foreign policy strategy in Eurasia and what is Iran's position in this strategy?’’ In response, China's foreign policy strategy in Eurasia can be analyzed from the Western point of view according to the Hobbesian realist model, from the Russian point of view according to Locke’s competitive opportunity-threat model, and finally from the Chinese point of view according to the Kantian model of cooperation. The results also show that Iran is increasingly important in China's foreign policy strategy in Eurasia, but Chinese pragmatism under the influence of international sanctions has made Turkey and Pakistan the main priorities in the country's strategy in Eurasia. The purpose of this research is to examine the patterns of analysis of China's foreign policy strategy in Eurasia with an emphasis on Iran's position. The method of this research is case adaptation to the theory.
۲۴۴.

Iran and Russia's great power Role (with emphasis on the Syrian crisis)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۳۴ - Serial Number ۲, July ۲۰۲۱ 464 - 492

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Hedging Strategy Holistic Alliance Russia great power Syria

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۹
Russia's involvement in the Syrian crisis has changed from a limited action to a fundamental strategy. Russia, which was ousted from the club of great powers after the collapse of the Soviet Union, was looking for an opportunity to return. Restoring the position of "great power" is Putin's main idea based on the identity and historical foundations of the Russians. In this regard, the Syrian crisis has been a turning point in the process of reviving the position of Russia's great power. Accordingly, the main question of the article is: "What role has Iran played in restoring Russia's great power position, especially in the Syrian crisis?" The hypothesis is formulated as follows: "During the Syrian crisis, Russia has used a hedging strategy in the Middle East. Russia's special relationship with Iran in the Syrian crisis has been Russia's relative advantage, which has played a significant role in restoring Russia's status as a great power. Russia implemented a hedging strategy with a holistic alliance". The data of this article are collected from new and comprehensive sources and processed in a descriptive-analytical method.
۲۴۵.

Transatlantic Relations and its Impact on the EU's strategic Autonomy Towards Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۳۴ - Serial Number ۲, July ۲۰۲۱ 525 - 555

کلیدواژه‌ها: European union US Iran transatlantic relations Strategic autonomy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۰
The present study seeks to answer the question, of why the EU despite its political will to expand relations with Iran and its efforts, in particular, to maintain the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) within the framework of the designed mechanisms, failed to exercise its strategic independence and fulfill its obligations within JCPOA? The findings show that the lack of European strategic independence is due to its transatlantic dependence on three levels: Institutional security deficit, Asymmetric interdependence in the economic sphere, and the preferences of European transnational corporations concerning US markets. At the level of the institutional security deficit, Given the United States security umbrella and the lack of military-defense independence, the European Union is forced to adjust its approaches to US interests and goals. At the economic level, the interdependence of economic, trade, and highly intertwined transatlantic investment interactions and the asymmetry of this relationship (US strategic economic superiority) has severely limited the possibility of EU economic action independence. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection in the library. In this regard, books, articles, documents, Internet resources, and comments of relevant officials have been used to collect data.
۲۴۶.

Iraqi Kurdistan and the War Between Iran and the Zionist Regime: An Analytical Review(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۳۴ - Serial Number ۲, July ۲۰۲۱ 556 - 584

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Iraqi Kurdistan Zionist regime strategy balance of threat

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۶ تعداد دانلود : ۸۳
Iraqi Kurdistan has adopted an independent foreign policy from the Iraqi central government in the past two decades; This foreign policy is based on a different model and strategy that aims at independence. In this regard, considering the importance and determinant nature of Iran’s regional policy in the face of regional developments such as the disintegration of neighboring countries along with Tehran’s position on the independence of Iraqi Kurdistan, Erbil is leveraging a strategic model of balance of threat towards the confrontation between Tehran and Tel Aviv. Accordingly, the present study seeks to explain why and how this strategy is adopted by the Iraqi Kurdistan toward the confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Zionist regime. Therefore, the main question is "what is the rationale for Iraqi Kurdistan to understand the Iranian threat?" The hypothesis is that due to its historical components, different organizational and social identities, differences in power levels, and personal factors (mindsets of the leaders), Iraqi Kurdistan sees the Islamic Republic of Iran as an obstacle to the way of realization of its independence. Therefore, Iraqi Kurdistan in the Zionism-Iranian confrontation pursues a unique strategy based on the balance of threat. This essay is an analytical-explanatory study that has been done using a combination of theoretical frameworks of the balance of threat and constructivism. Furthermore, the research method in this essay is based on trend analysis.
۲۴۷.

Antiwar Groups in the United States: A Case of the Opposition to War against Iran after the September 11th(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۳۴ - Serial Number ۲, July ۲۰۲۱ 585 - 604

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran United States Anti-War movements Peace movements September 11th Attacks

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۷ تعداد دانلود : ۹۴
Social groups and movements are considered a fundamental socio-political force in all countries that intend to get back on the public demands especially when the authorities are not able or eager to do so. Anti-war groups are among the most pivotal social groups that focus on the establishment of sustainable peace in communities so, since the second half of the twentieth century, their efforts have been regarded as the determinant factor in world politics. This paper aims to study the origins and functions of those American anti-war organizations that oppose US war policies mainly against Iran after the September 11 th Attacks. Archival research and historical analysis of the role of these groups and organizations demonstrate that they came into existence in response to the ever-growing global conflicts and created social campaigns for peace without governmental interventions. Similarly, due to the increasing violence and conflict between Iran and the United States during recent decades, the groups such as A.N.S.W.E.R. Coalition, Code Pink, International Action Center (IAC), Peace Action West, United for Peace and Justice (UFPJ) expressed their opposition against war with Iran mainly after September 11 th and have been progressive and helpful in some cases. Nevertheless, in spite of their long history of activism and firm institutions could never seriously disobey US government regulations and policies.
۲۴۸.

Analysis of Rural Tourism Development (RTD) in Iran

نویسنده:
منبع: Tourism and Hospitality Research (IJTHR), Volume ۹, Issue ۱, Winter ۲۰۲۲ 37 - 54

کلیدواژه‌ها: Rural tourism Exploratory Factor Analysis Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۷ تعداد دانلود : ۸۷
The aim of this study was analysis of rural tourism development (RTD) in Iran by exploratory factor analysis (EFA).  The research population consisted of all the experts of Organization of Tourism in Mazandaran Province (N=105), which was selected using the census method. The validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members in the tourism department, and research committee advisors. The reliability of the survey instrument concluded the Cronbach alpha coefficient for all the variables with a degree scale of 0.84. Using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), five factors were discovered with components and their factor loading. The five factors were labeled (1) infrastructure factor, (2) economic factor, (3) social factor, (4) management factor and (5) cultural factor. The results obtained from the factors analysis reveal that the five following factors, infrastructure, economic, social, management and cultural explain 57.32% of the variation of RTD
۲۴۹.

The Effect of Financial Fragility on Macroeconomic Variables: TVP_VAR Model for the Iranian Economy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۱۴, No. ۱, (۲۰۲۲) 25 - 40

کلیدواژه‌ها: Financial fragility Inflation economic growth Iran TVP-VAR model

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۲
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of financial fragility on macroeconomic variables within a TVP-VAR model. For this purpose, first the financial fragility variable was calculated. Then, this study evaluated the effect of this variable on macroeconomic variables including economic growth rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate. In this study, the quarterly data for the period 2001-2020 were used. The results indicated that financial fragility had a negative effect on economic growth but a positive effect on exchange rate and inflation by creating uncertainty in the economy. In other words, financial fragility in Iran increased economic fluctuations by reducing economic growth and increasing inflation and exchange rates.
۲۵۰.

The Effect of Monetary Policy on Financial Condition Index in Iran with the Markov-Switching Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۱۴, No. ۱, (۲۰۲۲) 89 - 117

کلیدواژه‌ها: Monetary policy FCI PCA Markov-Switching Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۰۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۲
Monetary policy is one of the important economic policies that affect the macro variables of every country. One of the composite variables that are affected by the monetary policy is the FCI. This study aimed to measure the effect of monetary policy through different channels on the FCI of Iran. Using time series data from 1991-2023 and the econometric method of PCA, the FCI was first calculated. The effect of monetary policy on the FCI of the country using the Markov-switching (MSIHA(2) AR(2)) model was calculated and estimated. The results of the estimation of the Markov-switching model indicate that the studied period can be divided into two regimes of zero and one. So that 1% increase in the FCI in regime zero will lead to a 0.02% return of the FCI in the next month and a 0.36% increase in the next two months. In addition, the increase in the FCI in regime one will lead to a 0.08% return of the FCI and a 0.10% increase in the next two months. In addition, the volume of money in regime zero and regime one also positively and significantly affects FCI.
۲۵۱.

COVID-19 Pandemic and Fraudulent Financial Reporting Motives in Emerging Markets: A Comparative Study(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۱۴, No. ۱, (۲۰۲۲) 119 - 146

کلیدواژه‌ها: Fraudulent reporting Management incentives Covid-19 pandemic Iran Iraq Egypt

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۴
The study aims to investigate and comparatively identify the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on fraudulent reporting motives in three emerging markets, namely Iran, Iraq, and Egypt. The present research method is a descriptive survey. The statistical population consists of independent auditors in three countries, and field methods and questionnaires have been used to collect data. The results indicate that COVID-19 pandemic affects management motives for committing fraud. They include respectively: sudden personal financial needs, need to receive financial resources for firm, pressure from owners in family companies, tax incentives, greed, government pressure in state-owned firms, concealing financial distress, avoidance of exclusion or deterioration in stock market, trust and self-esteem, tendency to increase compensation/payment of the management, pressure due to threats and compulsion, concealment of personal and illegal exploitation of assets, implementation or going beyond analysts’ forecasts, high levels of market competition, revenge, manager’s culture and values, management ideology or beliefs, and comparison of social status. This is the first study to investigate and compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fraudulent reporting incentives in emerging markets. Further, this study was conducted in three countries of Iran, Iraq, and Egypt, which have different contextual conditions (political, economic, cultural, etc.), indicating the impact of environmental conditions on the effects of Covid outbreaks. It can help stakeholders, including legislators,  capital market regulators and auditors in other markets, especially emerging markets, to deal with the risk of fraudulent reporting during the COVID -19 and other similar crises.
۲۵۲.

Testing the New Structural Economics Hypothesis at the Iranian Provinces Level: Using GMM Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۱۴, No. ۱, (۲۰۲۲) 217 - 236

کلیدواژه‌ها: Industrial Policy New Structural Economics Comparative Advantage Iran GMM

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۲ تعداد دانلود : ۷۶
The new structural economics approach to industrial policy is to follow a strategy of comparative advantage. According to this thinking, determining the relative prices of production factors by the market mechanism and providing the soft and hard infrastructure required by the government for industries that are compatible with the production factor’s structure, are the two determining factors of industrial development strategy. Considering that one of the key hypotheses of this approach is to increase economic growth as a result of comparative advantage following policy, this study has tried to test this hypothesis in the provinces of Iran in the period of 2005-2017 using the GMM. The findings of this study show that the hypothesis is confirmed at the level of Iranian provinces; Also, the change in the model estimation method did not change the research findings, so it is reliable. Therefore, it is recommended that policy makers consider the policy of following the comparative advantage of the region in designing the industrial development strategy.
۲۵۳.

The Effectiveness of the Blended Learnin Course on the AcademicPerformance of Seventh Grade Students in the Field of Photography in the Art Lesson

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Distance Education, Volume ۴, Issue ۱, Winter & Spring ۲۰۲۲ 72 - 82
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۸
The present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of the blended learnin course on the academic performance of seventh grade students in the field of photography in the art course. The research method is quasi experimental with post-test, pre-test and control group. The statistical population consists of all female students in the 7th grad secondary school in Gonabad city. The research sample was 58 participants selected through available sampling and assigned in two experimental and control groups who were homogeneous based on educational achievement. The experimental group was given instruction in blended learning system and the control group was under traditional teaching style. The pre-test of academic performance in the field of photography in the art course was performed on both experimental and control groups and after 12 instruction sessions in blended learning style to experimental group, the post-test of academic performance in the field of photography in the art course was administered among both groups. The results were analyzed using Covariance Analysis in SPSS software. The findings indicate that the academic performance of experimental group in familiarizing with photography and viewfinder and identifying the best photography angle, in understanding and identifying and working methods of analog and digital cameras, according to the point of emphasis in photography, The method of photography at different times and photography at night and lighting in photography, have been enhanced and there was a significant difference between academic performance of experimental and control groups in the field of photography with a higher achievement of experimental group.
۲۵۴.

IR in Iran and South Africa: A Comparative Study(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۶, Issue ۲, spring ۲۰۲۲ 197 - 238
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۶
As the self-image of International Relations as a “hegemonic discipline”, under the influence of the American IR community, is questioned and challenged, the issue of “others” in IR, particularly those in the global South, and their approaches to and understandings of the “international” are becoming increasingly significant. IR communities in the global South are perceived to have different understandings of the “international,” which need to be reflected in IR to make the discipline more inclusive and global. As it is assumed that IR scholars in the more active and powerful countries in the international system have more interest in understanding the world, IR communities in countries known as regional powers can be seen as good candidates for having their voices heard in IR. This article, a comparative study of IR in South Africa and Iran as two major regional powers, examines the reception and application of the Western-centric IR by Iranian and South African IR scholars, as well as their home-grown innovations in order to illustrate the way in which the plurality in IR is reflected in scholarship in these two countries. Despite similarities in experience, their differences indicate the way in which voices from the global South are far from being monolithic.
۲۵۵.

Netanyahu’s Rhetoric on Iran: Securitization or Sincere Expression of Fear(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۶, Issue ۲, spring ۲۰۲۲ 305 - 341
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۱ تعداد دانلود : ۹۹
Studies on securitization theory have neglected the fact that securitization is in place only when it is proven that expression of fear is insincere. A number of indicators can be retrieved from the literature on deception detection in social sciences to verify sincerity in fear expressions by political leaders. Application of these indicators in this paper demonstrates that former Israeli Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu’s expression of fear from Iran in his speech at the United Nations General Assembly in 2014, was more a case of constructing an existential threat, than expressing genuine apprehensions. A complete examination of Netanyahu’s claims about Iran establishes their contradiction with the known realities. The inconsistency between truth and Netanyahu’s goals, the knowledge available about Netanyahu’s negative beliefs about Iran,  the implausibility of some of his assertions, their judgmental nature, as well as the disclosure of their incorrectness over time all support the idea that Netanyahu was insincere in his expression of fear from Iran in this particular case, and that he was constructing an existential threat about Iran in the midst of negotiations to reach a nuclear deal with Iran, which he vehemently opposed.
۲۵۶.

Iran's Position in Geopolitical Competition between China and India: Emphasizing the Role of Chabahar(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۶, Issue ۲, spring ۲۰۲۲ 343 - 369
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۹
The geopolitical competition between India on one hand and the China-Pakistan axis, on the other hand, have made various researchers investigate the different, unknown, and influential aspects of this competition. One of the fields that can influence the analysis of these competitions is political geography. Therefore, in the present research, the researchers have tried to create a new point of view regarding Iran's position in the geopolitical competition between China and India by relying on the sources and analyses that have been done by Indian authors and researchers regarding the issue of China-India competition and also Iran's position in this competition. The authors of this research adopted a meta-analytic approach to drive conclusions from the collected data. Authentic documents in books, scientific-research articles, reliable internet websites and important international news agencies were analyzed to collect the relevant data. The findings suggest that regarding geopolitical access, both China and India are persistently seeking to facilitate their connection to Eurasia through Iran and Pakistan and thus increase their geopolitical weight to enjoy a better position in world politics in the 21 st century.
۲۵۷.

Sport on the silk road; sport and Iran-China 25-year cooperation agreement(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Sport Sciences and Health Research, Volume ۱۳, Issue ۱,۲۰۲۱ 31-39

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran China document championship sport medal Olympics

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۸
Background: China is the undisputed power of sports in the world today and due to the close relations of China and Iran in many different aspects, the bilateral scientific works can be considered as well. Aim : The purpose of this study was to analyze the opportunities for the development of championship sports with a look at the cooperation document between Iran and China. Materials and Methods: The present study was a qualitative (descriptive-analytical) type of library studies in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection, which examined scientific works including books, articles, and notes during 2010-2021 about Iranian sports and China took place. Results: The research findings showed that the Islamic Republic of Iran and China, as two superpowers of West and East Asia, can have different sports interactions with each other in team and individual disciplines, respectively. In addition, the Iranians can use sport as a starting point and a tool to facilitate and accelerate their political-trade relations by winning 76 and the Chinese by winning 696 medals in the Summer and Winter Olympics; For example, the Chinese in the fields of swimming and diving, gymnastics, table tennis and recently weightlifting have emerged as the undisputed power of the world, while Iran can also compete in team sports such as football, volleyball and even Basketball to share its experiences in human resource development as the most important precondition for national excellence with this country. Conclusion: All in all, sport as a facilitator between Iran and China can develop the future political communications. China is the pioneer of Olympic Games and 25 years agreement can lead to brilliant future for Iranians.
۲۵۸.

Black Sea or Sea of Trebizond: Significance of Trebizond Port in Persians’ knowledge of Black Sea in the Middle Ages(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام سال سیزدهم زمستان ۱۴۰۱ شماره ۳۳ 155 - 172

کلیدواژه‌ها: Trebizond Iran the Black Sea Tabriz Maritime Trade

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۵
Like other bodies of water, the Black Sea has been given a number of names. It was known as the Sea of Trebizond during the early Islamic centuries due to the popularity of the Trebizond Port in the south coast of the sea. Muslims in general and Iranian and Azeri merchants in particular contributed to the boom of trade in this port. Thus, the sea was named after its most important port because of its commercial significance for Iranians, considering that they had been acquainted with the sea through this port. We know such naming for other seas and ports; however, for some reasons, it is considered as an exonym for Asian Minor, which has been part of the Byzantine Empire for a long time. These reasons can be explored and discussed within the context of the ties between Muslims and the Byzantine Empire in the years before and even after the Battle of Manzikert. This study examines the continuity and changes made in the names given to the Black Sea, the reasons behind it, and the continuation of the two folk and formal names given to it.
۲۵۹.

How Macroeconomic Variables in Iran Did Respond to Oil Sanctions: An Application of Bayesian TVP-SVAR Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات اقتصادی کاربردی ایران سال یازدهم زمستان ۱۴۰۱ شماره ۴۴ 39 - 57

کلیدواژه‌ها: oil embargo Stagflation Bayesian TVP-SVAR Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۹۲
This paper investigates the responses of Iran’s macroeconomic variables to the oil embargo against Iran. The article applies a Bayesian time-varying parameter SVAR model along the quarterly data of oil export, real exchange rate, inflation, real GDP and money supply of Iran over the period of 1991:Q2-2020:Q2. Applying time varying parameters in this study helps us to consider the economic structural changes and transition mechanism in analyzing the response of macroeconomic variables to oil embargo. The oil embargo against Iran has been intensified since 2012. To consider the effect of the oil embargo on Iranian macro variables, the model has been estimated in two different periods of time, before and after 2012. The results indicate that the escalation of the oil embargo from 2012 has caused a stagflation period and ends in a decline in real GDP and national currency depreciation. In addition, it has intensified money supply and triggers existing inflation. These results have some policy implications to overcome difficulties raises when the economy faces sanction.
۲۶۰.

Construction of Iranian TEFL Doctoral Candidates’ Scholarly Position during Writing for Publication(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), Volume ۴۲, Issue ۲, Spring ۲۰۲۳ 1 - 23

کلیدواژه‌ها: Appraisal Theory doctoral candidates Iran Ppositioning writing for publication

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۰
This study sought to investigate how doctoral candidates are positioned by journal editors and reviewers and how they establish their own position while attempting to get published, as well as the challenges and opportunities they confront throughout this process. Data were gathered from two doctoral candidates at a public university employing a mixed-methods conversion design whose qualitative phase was a multiple case study. In-depth interviews, metalinguistic commentary, and document analysis were used to track the positioning patterns. Data analysis utilizing the Appraisal model revealed that doctoral candidates were perceived as novice researchers by journal editors and reviewers. In addition, doctoral candidates’ own positioning gradually shifted from being novice and intolerant researchers to being independent and tolerant ones. Moreover, the findings revealed that doctoral candidates face different challenges during the process of writing for publication, which makes this process more difficult for them. Based on the interviews, different requirements from different journals, obligations, limited sources of help, and lack of experience were among the most important challenges the participants had to deal with. On the other hand, they mentioned that publication provided them with the chance of expressing themselves and having their own voice, which could be considered as an opportunity in this process.