مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Iran


۱۶۱.

Regeneration of the Culture of Rural Areas of Iran in Order to Direct the Communication of Villagers with Urban System with the Approach of Sustainable Rural Development(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش و برنامه ریزی روستایی سال دهم بهار ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۳۳ 99-114

کلیدواژه‌ها: culture Cultural regeneration Rural-urban communications sustainable rural development Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۶
Purpose- The aim of this study is to upgrade the capabilities in cultural field to direct the communication of villages with urban system to reinforce the sustainable rural development. In this way, the necessary grounds should be provided in the villages so that the population density and variety of activities and sufficient facilities for education and accumulation of wealth, etc. reach a certain level in order that sustainable rural development is formed through recreating the culture of rural areas in villages. Design/methodology/approach- The present study is conducted with applied purposes using the descriptive-analytical method. For data collection, field survey was performed using a questionnaire tool and data analysis method was performed using SPSS software. Statistical population includes 74 villages of the cities of Khoramabad, Kermanshah, Tabriz, Shadgan and Shiraz. Using Cochran formula, sample size was determined 380 households from selected villages and sample selection method is random. Findings- Data analysis was done through factor analysis and cluster analysis tests and the results of this study, based on the factor analysis method with correlation coefficient of over 5% between the research variables, indicates that, three (socio-cultural, economic and environmental) factors explain 73.629% of variance and show the satisfaction of the factors and the field of research. Using hierarchical clustering analysis (WARD) have been estimated as cluster 1: socio-cultural developed, cluster 2: economic developing, and cluster 3: environmental less developed and ANOVA analysis with a significance level of less than 0.05 indicates the existence of significant relationship between clusters in all four components of cultural regeneration and communication between urban and rural, socio-cultural, economic and environmental criteria. Research limitations/implications- One of the problems ahead of this research was the different cultural levels of people of the study area, which was a kind of requirement for certain conditions and behaviors, without which there would be no misunderstanding.one of the most important limitations of this research is the lack of cooperation of relevant organizations to provide studies on cultural changes affecting rural-urban areas. Practical implications- Among the practical solutions, the following can be mentioned: provide patterns and solutions for cultural development and sustainable development based on culture and socio-cultural attachment for regional development projects. Originality/value- This study encompasses many innovations including careful review of cultural relationships with rural-urban communication patterns and the effects of sustainable rural development on both of them.
۱۶۲.

Enjeu de l’interaction dans les classes virtuelles du FLE en Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Revue des Études de la Langue Française, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۲, ۲۰۲۰ 49 - 66

کلیدواژه‌ها: classe virtuelle enseignement supé rieur FLE Interaction Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۶
L’introduction de l’utilisation des classes virtuelles dans l’enseignement supérieur et le sentiment de l’insatisfaction qui découlent des tentatives de sa mise en œuvre nous invitent à mettre la lumière sur les éléments influençant l’efficacité de l’enseignement/apprentissage dans ce nouveau modèle pédagogique. Dans cette contribution, en nous appuyant sur le théorème de l’équivalence d’interaction, nous avons essayé de vérifier et d’analyser le phénomène d’interaction (enseignant-étudiant et étudiant-étudiant) dans une classe virtuelle comparée à une classe en présentiel. L’objectif en est, non seulement de faire un état de l’art, mais aussi de faire des propositions dans l’intention de contribuer à l’optimisation des classes virtuelles et à la création à distance d’un espace de formation propice à l’apprentissage. L’hypothèse selon laquelle l’interaction enseignant-étudiant est la forme d’interaction la plus active dans les cours virtuels a été le point de départ de cette recherche. Par une méthodologie qualitative à savoir l’entretien directif, l’hypothèse de la recherche a été validée. 5 professeurs de français des universités iraniennes sélectionnés selon le modèle d’échantillonnage non probabiliste ont constitué l’échantillon de notre recherche. Selon les résultats de notre étude, étant donné que les interactions verticales (enseignant-étudiant) sont très présentes dans les cours virtuels actuels, le changement de l’approche pédagogique au profit des interactions entre les étudiants aboutirait à une meilleure qualité de l’apprentissage.
۱۶۳.

Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi, the Guide of the Mongol Ilkhans towards Iranian and Islamic Civilization (Based on the Writings of Khajeh Nasir)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام سال دوازدهم تابستان ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۲۷ 65 - 77

کلیدواژه‌ها: Mongols Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tousi Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۴
From the time of the Mongol invasion of the Ismaili castles to the present day, one of the points of concern for many people has been the reason for Khajeh Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's collaboration with prominent Muslim scholars and non-Muslim Mongols. Many have accounted Khajeh’s political behavior during the rule of Ilkhanate as his hostility towards denominations and the Sunnis. Many others have known it as part of his opportunistic character and claimed that he has done so to achieve a certain political status. However, by carefully studying the works of Khajeh, one could find other logical and fundamental reasons for Khajeh’s behaviors that unfortunately have been mostly disregarded. By reading his works, many Islamic legal, historical, psychological, philosophical, and other kinds of reasons can be found that deserve paying attention. Khajeh’s prominent personality trait is related to philosophy and Kalaam (scholastic theology); hence, it only makes sense to seek the reason behind this collaboration in Khajeh’s frame of thought. Khajeh’s most important work in this area is Akhlaaq e Naasiri, in which the most important topic is Madina Faazila. From the time of the Mongol invasion of the Ismaili castles to the present day, one of the points of concern for many people has been the reason for Khajeh Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's collaboration with prominent Muslim scholars and non-Muslim Mongols. Many have accounted Khajeh’s political behavior during the rule of Ilkhanate as his hostility towards denominations and the Sunnis. Many others have known it as part of his opportunistic character and claimed that he has done so to achieve a certain political status. However, by carefully studying the works of Khajeh, one could find other logical and fundamental reasons for Khajeh’s behaviors that unfortunately have been mostly disregarded. By reading his works, many Islamic legal, historical, psychological, philosophical, and other kinds of reasons can be found that deserve paying attention. Khajeh’s prominent personality trait is related to philosophy and Kalaam (scholastic theology); hence, it only makes sense to seek the reason behind this collaboration in Khajeh’s frame of thought. Khajeh’s most important work in this area is Akhlaaq e Naasiri, in which the most important topic is Madina Faazila.
۱۶۴.

Georgians in Tabriz and Rasht: a historical study on the role of Georgian militias in Iranian Constitutional Revolution(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام سال دوازدهم تابستان ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۲۷ 107 - 129

کلیدواژه‌ها: Georgia constitution Iran Georgians Press

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۹۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۰
Constitutional Revolution, as a significant turning point in the history of Iran, shook Iranian society. What has been more or less neglected in examining this movement is the role of non-Iranian forces. The Caucasian, especially, the Georgians should be considered as the most passionate and self-sacrificing pro-constitutional forces who spared their lives for the victory of the Iranian movement. The question of this paper is what was the role and performance of the Georgian forces in Constitutional Revolution? The hypothesis is that, despite the persecution of the Russian Tsarist government, Georgian revolutionaries organized by parties such as Hemmat and Ejtema'iyun Amiyuun, presented in the battlefields of Tabriz and Guilan and, due to their precious experiences, played vital role in the success of the constitutionalists. On the other hand, Georgian press could form public opinion in favor of the revolution, inform about Iran's events, and create a stir among the Iranian Mojahedin by focusing on news of the events in Iran. It should not be neglected that Iranians presence in the Caucasus cities, especially Tbilisi, also helped to transfer revolutionary concepts to Iran and to fan the flames of the revolution.
۱۶۵.

Do official curricula reflect critical thinking? The educational objectives of the English literature curricula in Iran in light of Bloom's revised taxonomy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Linguistics (IJAL) Vol. ۲۳, No. ۱, March ۲۰۲۰ 29-55

کلیدواژه‌ها: Blooms Revised Taxonomy Critical thinking Curriculum Educational Objective English Literature Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۵۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۶
The present study investigated the educational objectives of the English literature curricula at the undergraduate and graduate levels at Iranian universities based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy. Using a detailed checklist based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy and the respective classifications, the educational objectives associated with knowledge ( factual, conceptual, procedural , and metacognitive ) and cognitive ( remember , understand , apply , analyze , evaluate , and create) dimensions were analyzed. The results of the content analysis revealed the dominance of the lower-order thinking skills in the undergraduate curriculum and the prevalence of the higher-order thinking skills in the graduate curriculum. The results showed that the most frequent objective in terms of the knowledge domain was understand in both curricula. Regarding the knowledge dimension, conceptual and procedural knowledge occurred most often at both curricula, confirming that acquiring the knowledge of concepts and the processes safeguards the commended quality for the curriculum designers. Moreover, it was found that the metacognitive-related categories were almost missing from the categories. The results of the cross-tabulation revealed the superiority understand / conceptual in BA and the supremacy of understand/procedural in MA objectives. The findings entail the revisions of the educational objectives to accommodate critical thinking. The findings have pedagogical implications for EFL teachers, the curriculum developers, and policy makers.
۱۶۶.

EU Economic & Financial Sanctions against Iran and their Human Rights Implications(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۴, Issue ۳, summer ۲۰۲۰ 471-504

کلیدواژه‌ها: EU Human Rights Iran Sanctions Violation

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۱
Since the advent of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the country has been continuously subject to severe sanctions by the Western countries, especially the United States. In all these years, the U.S. sanctions did not affect Iran’s economy much, due to the fact that the two countries have no formal relations and as a result, their economies are not, by any means, interdependent. However, Iran’s economy has been reliant on extensive interactions with the European countries; the EU sanctions against Iran since 2011, therefore, have harshly affected Iran’s economy and caused adverse social impacts on Iranian lives. In the shadow of Iran’s dark image in the eyes of the world, one issue that has remained overshadowed by the discussions on the impact and effectiveness of the sanctions, is the severe human rights crises left by the EU sanctions. The key question is what have been the human rights and humanitarian consequences of the EU sanctions for Iran, and how serious have these consequences been for the country? As the author argues in this paper, EU economic sanctions against Iran are considered violations of the three main generations of human rights and are therefore unwarranted. Given this, the resumption of sanctions since 2018 would lead to a human rights disaster in Iran. The effect of these sanctions will not affect the Iranian government, but the Iranian civilians, especially the vulnerable, which will undermine their human dignity.
۱۶۷.

The Construction of Islamic Feminism in Iran: A Critical Discourse Analysis on Zanan and Zanan-e-Emruz Magazines(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۴, Issue ۴, Autumn ۲۰۲۰ 733 - 771

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Islamic Feminism Religious intellectualism Zanan-e-Emruz Magazine Zanan Magazine

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۶
Islamic feminism is one of the movements that developed in reaction to the revival of political Islam in post-Islamic Revolution Iran (1979). The present study attempts to seize the major nodal points around which this discourse has been formed. Using Margot Badran’s theory of the convergence of secular and Islamic feminisms, this study also explains the tenets of Islamic feminism in a country where filling the gap between the secular and the Islamic is rejected. It focuses on the analytical articles published by Zanan and Zanan-e-Emruz magazines as two prominent platforms for Islamic feminists to highlight their answers to the modern concerns of Iranian women. The results indicate that the major discursive nodes include: a) women’s Ijtihad and the re-interpretation of the holy texts with a women-friendly outlook, b) human equality exempt from sexuality, c) demands for a conventional notion of justice, and d) recognition of women’s socio-political capacities vis-à-vis their family identities.  
۱۶۸.

Orientalist Framing of Post-Revolutionary Iran: A Study of Iranian-American Memoirs(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: World Sociopolitical Studies, Volume ۴, Issue ۴, Autumn ۲۰۲۰ 809 - 840

کلیدواژه‌ها: framing analysis Iranian-Americans Memoir Orientalism Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۴۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۴
Since the Islamic Revolution of 1979 and the deposition of the pro-American Pahlavi regime in Iran, an interest in the country as a mythical, complex, and conflict-ridden place has magnified among the American public. Exilic Iranian memoirs began to emerge after the 1979 Iranian Revolution and surged after September 11, 2001, claiming to provide an authentic depiction and explanation of the  Iranian society and politics and the ways in which it relates to the West and Western interests. The present article aims to analyze the ways in which post-Revolutionary Iran has been framed through memoirs written by Iranian-Americans. Through a framing analysis of fifteen selected memoirs on Iran,  the article identifies and presents six main frames in the analyzed texts based on Edward Said’s Orientalism. The paper concludes that instead of providing a more or less objective depiction that acknowledges the diversity and heterogeneity of the Iranian society and politics, the selected texts reflect the existence of an industry of memoirists that produce content depicting Iran in an orientalist way. Such an approach further inhibits any meaningful understanding and rectification of the existing misconceptions.
۱۶۹.

Effect of Information and Communication Technology Deployment on Health Expenditures of Iranian Households: A Provincial Approach.(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Business and Development Studies Vol. ۱۳, No. ۱, (۲۰۲۱) 33 - 45

کلیدواژه‌ها: ICT Iran Health Expenditure Household Province

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۲
Information and communication technology (ICT) has been rapidly developed in the last two decades and has directly or indirectly affected most areas of human life, including health, which is also referred to as e-health. On the other hand, in the past three decades, most countries in the world have experienced rapid growth in health expenditures, as health expenditures have become one of the most important items of household expenditure. Besides, in developing countries, including Iran, the main financial burden of using health goods and services is borne by households. Reducing the financial burden of health services on households has been one of the long-standing goals of policymakers. It seems that using the ICT capabilities in the form of e-health can be one of the effective solutions in this regard. The present study seeks to investigate this issue. For model estimation, the panel data method and the GLS model in the form of provincial data were applied. The results imply that besides other factors affecting the household health expenditures (such as income, education level, insurance coverage level, etc.), the development of ICT managed to have a significant effect on reducing the health expenditures. It seems developing ICT infrastructure, expanding its penetration rate and developing its applications in the form of e-health can be considered as a proper strategy in the field of health care.
۱۷۰.

اثرات متقابل حمل و نقل، رشد اقتصادی و انتشار دی اکسیدکربن در ایران(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مدل سازی اقتصادی سال پانزدهم تابستان ۱۴۰۰ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۵۴) 105 - 127

کلیدواژه‌ها: Transportation economic growth Environmental pollution Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۳۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۵
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships between transportation (rail and air), economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Iran during the period 1362-1397 using time series data and the system of simultaneous equation approach. The findings show a positive correlation between transportation (rail and air) and economic growth, as well as between transportation (rail and air) and carbon dioxide emissions. Another finding of this study is that economic growth has a significant effect on increasing carbon dioxide emissions, but increasing carbon dioxide emissions has no effect on economic growth. Based on the results, the creation and development of infrastructure related to the type of transportation in order to improve the country's economic growth is proposed.
۱۷۱.

How Has Coronavirus outbreak affected Regional Energy Integration? Lessons and Recommendations for Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Petroleum Business Review (PBR), Volume ۵, Issue ۲ - Serial Number ۱۵, Spring ۲۰۲۱ 87 - 98

کلیدواژه‌ها: COVID19 Energy integration The Eurasian Economic Union South Asia Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۳
Making an agreement between Iran and an integrated countries bloc like Shanghai Cooperation Organization or Eurasian Economic Union to boost energy trade is considered as an efficient factor to improve multilateralism and regionalism of Iranian economy. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 has had caused serious and unprecedented consequences on globalization and regionalization. This research seeks to find out the relationship between COVID19 and regional energy integration for two cases of South Asia and the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). To estimate the coefficients of variables, the panel data framework based on quarterly data over 2010Q1-2020Q2 is employed. The major results reveal that the COVID19 pandemic is found to be a serious challenge for regional energy integration in these two unions, particularly the integration of larger economies which are more developed and have a higher level of trade liberalization are disturbed by this pandemic. A policy implication based on the conclusions is that Iran may try to make regional energy integration with its neighbors and trading partners. However, to reduce the long-run negative impacts of pandemic, Iran and its energy trade partners should make a plan to determine types and magnitudes of negative impacts of pandemic, regulating monetary and fiscal policies to encounter with the negative influences. To the best of author’s knowledge, despite some earlier researches, there is not any existing literature focusing on how the Corona affects the economic integration. Therefore, this paper tries to fill in this literature gap.
۱۷۲.

Comparative Analysis of the Persian Garden and Park Pattern’s Versatility as Urban Spaces in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۲ - Serial Number ۴۰, Spring ۲۰۲۱ 31 - 40

کلیدواژه‌ها: Persian garden pattern park pattern urban public space Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۲۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۱
Due to the thousands of years of Persian garden his tory, it has taken an indigenous color and aroma and its components have formed according to the needs that have exis ted over time; whereas the park suddenly entered Iran to induce modernism in the Qajar period. For this reason, its features don't fit the circums tances of Iran and ins tead fit with its territorial characteris tics. A solely his torical attitude to the Persian garden has led to the exclusion of this space from the process of regeneration and adaptation to recent needs. On the other hand, in the 50 years since the park’s emergence in Iran, some of its features have harmonized with the context. Accordingly, the research ques tion is: following the characteris tics of urban public spaces, which patterns of green space -Persian garden or park- might be more adaptable to the Iranian context. Several experts' opinions were used to respond to the research ques tion. The criteria for reviewing were selected from the project for public spaces and the results of the ques tionnaires were analyzed in the form of the hierarchical analysis process method and were adapted to the theoretical background. Although regarding some of the use and activity criteria, the park has more adaptability as a public urban space in Iran, in terms of access and linkage, comfort and image as well as overall measurements, the garden is more adaptable than the park.
۱۷۳.

The Impact of Macroeconomic and Banking Variables on Non-Performing Loans in Oil Cycles: Evidence from Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Money and Economy, Vol. ۱۶, No. ۲, Spring ۲۰۲۱ 135-164

کلیدواژه‌ها: NPLs Iran Oil Revenues STR PSTR

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۳۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۱
The present study investigates the impact of macroeconomic and bank-specific variables on non-performing loans (NPLs). To avoid the identification problem, two models are employed to address this impact. The first one tests the effect of macroeconomic variables including the growth of oil revenues, inflation, and the growth of GDP without the oil sector on the growth of NPLs. Data is quarterly over the period 2004:3 to 2019:3. The transition variable in this setup is the growth of oil revenues and its threshold is 9 percent, which divides the sample into oil booms and oil recessions. According to the results, inflation has a significant positive effect on NPLs. During the oil boom, oil revenues decrease the NPLs. Due to the immense size of the government and its current and capital expenditures, when oil revenues are lower, the government forces banks to allocate loans to finance projects with long maturity. Furthermore, the present study used PSTR to test the impact of bank-specific variables consisting of interest rate spread, loan loss provision, loan to deposit ratio, and NPLs. To do so, monthly data of 10 banks is used over 2016:04 to 2020:12. The transition variable is the interest rate spread at 1 percent, which categorizes the banks into two groups of good and bad. Good banks collect deposits with a low-interest rate and allocate high-rate loans with less chance of default. So, interest spread is the most important prominent determinant of decreasing NPLs, while the loan to deposit ratio is dependent on the banks belonging to which group. For good banks, the loan to deposit ratio decreases the NPLs, while for bad banks, it worsens the growth of NPLs.
۱۷۴.

Role of Social Trends in Appearance of Iranian National Architectural Movements(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۲, Issue ۲ - Serial Number ۴, Spring ۲۰۱۲ 59 - 66

کلیدواژه‌ها: Nationalism Architecture liberal Religious ancient – oriented Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۷
Appearance of nationalism in each country is influenced by some social , religious and political factors throughout the history of that country In Iranian contemporary history, this process has also been dependent upon opinions and thoughts of some of the nationalist intellectuals and modernists their intellectual products played an important role in various social , intellectual and even artistic areas of the country .thus this paper firstly seeks to introduce nationalistic social trends in Iran and classify nationalist architectural tendencies in flounced by nationalist social trends besides explication of nationalist principles of each tendency and in the following , along with explanation of nationalist tendencies in architecture , some architectural works are introduced as examples.
۱۷۵.

The Principle of Amazements in Iranian Islamic Architecture and the Role of Decoration(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۲, Issue ۳ - Serial Number ۵, Summer ۲۰۱۲ 39 - 44

کلیدواژه‌ها: Islamic architecture Cognitions Amazements Decoration beauty Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۹۴
Attractiveness principal in Iranian- Islamic architecture and decorating in this issue Iranian Architecture in the period of Islam use different means to show the influential and effective thoughts and interpretations and meanings on the people. One way to identify the means is to Research and investigate in the audience’s cognition and understanding particularly architectures and identify the current Theories and Ways which describe the presses of perception and cognition. Cognition and mind system of middle periods of Islamic is obvious for us particularly with helping from left texts and the way of describing issues and subjects, Although mental and thinking studies from this period of time has been studied but some principles not all of them have been considered . In fact in cognitive system based on Islamic understanding. The stage which the characterize the beauty, amazements and attractiveness derived from creations and world. And can help the level and quality of maker and his ability. as in good arguments to understand It, the issues are considered which gradually can create the meaning, symbol, emotional concepts in the person who understands It. One of the principles is the sense of beauty and attractiveness and in literal language is wonderfulness and this article shows that this sense has been influential and effective in Islamic thinkers and architectures. And gradually some means have been used to derive the meaning and perceptions from It. Material means in Islamic architecture are decoration.
۱۷۶.

Typology of Earth-shelter Architecture in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۲, Issue ۴ - Serial Number ۶, Autumn ۲۰۱۲ 5 - 10

کلیدواژه‌ها: Earth-shelter Architecture Iran Typology

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۵۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۶
Earth-Shelter construction is one of the aspects in architecture where the thermal mass of the earth behind the outer walls are applied in order to reduce heat loss and keep the internal temperature at human comfort range. In case of earth-shelter buildings, housing is especially important. As for its applicability the earth-shelter provides good housing. Typological studies of earth-shelter construction in Iran by introduces various Iranian examples of this type, could be a model for the today’s innovative designs with an approach to energy saving. This type of construction responded to human comfort requirements when modernism was absent to claim that it could do the same through mechanical technology. The study method adopted here consists of qualitative-descriptive and deductive analyses. The categories of earth-shelter architecture are three worldwide: Earth Mound, Rocky or In-Hill and Bellow ground. Here the genotype of earth architecture and phenotype of earth-shelter are studied in details. The same is of two in Iran: Rocky, which is divided in continues and discontinues types and closed underground type. Studies conducted in Iran have revealed a new type of these structures named Combined Continues Rocky open Underground by the author.
۱۷۷.

Eco-Village and Climatic Design(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۲, Issue ۴ - Serial Number ۶, Autumn ۲۰۱۲ 11 - 18

کلیدواژه‌ها: Eco-village Sustainability Permaculture Co-housing Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۵ تعداد دانلود : ۹۶
Eco village design is a new field of knowledge still under development. It will be the physical manifestation of the unfolding of the ecovillage dream held by so many. It is generally agreed that concept of sustainability should play an increasing role in future urban development world-wide. In order to ensure ecological sustainability, cities around the world have to decrease their environmental footprint. In this article, will try to find some principles of designing eco-villages in Iran that have less environmental footprint. Two aspects are important in this regard: the decrease of energy consumption and the decrease of waste products and its subsequent management. The concept of eco-village, despite having arguably limited influence, does have the potential to serve as an alternative urban model. As relatively small experimental communities, eco-villages are in the position to explore and apply novel solutions, the necessity of which is evident in the global concern for sustainability. Valuable practical lessons can be provided in the current for suitable urban development. In this article, some eco-villages around the world have been compared with each other and will suggested some solutions for designing eco-villages in Iran.
۱۷۸.

Obstacles of Iranian Inner-Cities Gentrification (Case Study: Navvab Project, Tehran, Iran)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۴, Issue ۱ - Serial Number ۱۱, Winter ۲۰۱۴ 95 - 110

کلیدواژه‌ها: urban renovation Gentrification Inner-City Navvab Project Tehran Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۰
One of the results of urban renovation is population displacement. If these renovations lead to live prosperous social classes, it is called gentrification. In this regard one of the urban renovation strategies is gentrification that is equal in "the acceptability of texture in public opinion" and is known as a synonym of "improving the quality of living environment for residents and citizens". In Iran despite interventions that take place in inner-cities these interventions are not the examples of gentrification; accordingly, it must be understood that what factors influence these interventions and whether renovation of Iranian inner-cities can be occurred in the framework of gentrification? This article tries to review the Navvab Project, by using a descriptive – analytical approach and documentary – library survey. Therefore, while reviewing mentioned project, gentrification obstacles of this project and its generalizations to Iranian inner-cities, hypotheses in three levels, Macroscopic, Mesoscopic and Microscopic scales, have been explained and strategies for preparation of this process provided.
۱۷۹.

Assessment of Development Level of Sistan and Baluchistan Province Compared to other Iran’s Provinces(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۵, Issue ۱ - Serial Number ۱۵, Winter ۲۰۱۵ 69 - 76

کلیدواژه‌ها: Development Taxonomy and Morris Sistan and Baluchistan province Iran

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۹
Development and progress are ideals that always different countries have pursued. Everybody welcomes a developed country with people free from development obstacles. Indeed, realization of such a goal requires developmental planning in national and local scales taking into account the population growth rate, economical, social, cultural, and political problems, and generally, imbalances and dualities from which the whole country suffers. Hence, it seems inevitably and vitally necessary to pay attention to regional planning in Iran, and, more rapid growth and development of the country can be achieved with the aid of such planning and through growth and flourishing of different regions commensurate with their capacities and capabilities. The current paper is attempted to comparatively assess the performance and efficiency of Iranian provinces in terms of development level using Taxonomy and Morris models. It also aims at analyzing statuses of Iranian in terms of inequality extent in enjoying development benefits using standard score method. The research results are suggestive of the fact that Sistan and Baluchistan Province assumes the lowest rank (30th among the 30 provinces) in all three methods under study. Due to presence of some obstacles and lack of proper grounds, it is an inevitable necessity to rethink and make fundamental planning in this respect.
۱۸۰.

The Qualitative Analysis on Contemporary Approaches toward Architectural Training in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Architecture and Urban Development, Volume ۵, Issue ۳ - Serial Number ۱۷, Summer ۲۰۱۵ 63 - 72

کلیدواژه‌ها: architectural education Cultural Revolution Criticism Iran current Situation

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۱
The present article is intended to analyze the status of architectural education during two periods before and after Cultural Revolution in Iran and in order to interpret approaches and paradigms, methods, and way of its development thereby, it deals with criticism of current situation in the field of architectural education. For this purpose, it has been tried to separate different fields of quantitative and qualitative development of the discussed subject with historical review on formation of architectural academic schools during recent period. The methodology of current research is based on using the relevant information about structure of architectural education in Iran during two major periods, which have been subjected to data- mining by taking an interpretative- historical approach. In addition, the present condition has been criticized with review on the existing theories in this field and afterwards in order to achieve the given result and for conclusion of the contemporary attitudes in Iranian architectural education. Findings have been analyzed according to strategic analysis to disambiguate the process of planning for the future based on internal strong and weak point as well as external opportunities and threats (SWOT) in educational structure of architecture and eventually following to evaluation of today status and position becomes available for access in the future.