مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Security


۱.

U.S Offensive Policy toward Iran's Security in the Middle East and Persian Gulf after 33 day's War(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Security arrangement Security Preventive strike War

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۳۰ تعداد دانلود : ۶۵۱
U.S foreign policy interests in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region has always had three components: economy, security and politics. It is not overstated to stress the centrality of energy resources in the economic sector as a predominant factor. In this context, securing access to energy and the flow of oil become vital for world economic prosperity. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, added more impetus to the U.S security issues in the Persian Gulf. President Bush's doctrine of ""preemptive war"" and ""the global war on terror"" placed the Persian Gulf region at the heart of his post-9/11 strategic vision. The Bush administration used the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington as a great opportunity to revamp the regional security by undertaking some drastic measures. The invasion of Iraq in March 2003, the idea of regime change in Iran as well as other American Neocons' grandiose plans about the necessity to reshape the ""Greater Middle East"", made governments in the region nervous. In addition, by giving prominence to the ""security question"" over all other considerations, the US policy plunged the region deeper into uncertainty. Washington has systematically tried, and to a large extent succeeded, to securitize the inter-state relations in the region. This approach combined with the NATO plan to further its regional partnership, made any significant rapprochement among the Persian Gulf states on the issue of security almost impossible. For these reasons, a collective regionally crafted security arrangement that includes littoral states of Iran, Iraq the countries of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council would be unattainable in a foreseeable future.
۲.

The Role Of Border Markets In Regional Security Case study: Bashmagh Border Market in Marivan, Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Security Border Market Development Bashmagh Border Market Marivan

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۷۱ تعداد دانلود : ۶۸۱
International boundaries have their own specific characteristics among which underdevelopment, privation, economic and cultural inequality are of the main features of border regions of Iran, leading to insecurity in these areas. Iran has land and water frontiers with 15 countries of which some are penetrable with respect to illegal transportation of individuals and commodities and etc., menacing their economic, political, military and social aspects. The frontier between Iran and Iraq is confronted with a great deal of problems because of no peace no war circumstances in which illegal transportation of individuals from illegal pathways, committing illegal crimes such as addictive drug trafficking, selling and purchasing alcoholic drinks and weapons threaten the security of border regions. This study aims fundamentally to investigate whether developing border market can affect the security of the region or not. According to the results of analytical descriptive approach, library studies and survey method (questionnaire, observation) in Marivan, Bashmagh and conducting some interviews with officials of the region, it is concluded that the effect of developing Bashmagh market on the security of the region is significant.
۳.

Border Management; as Strategy of States to Maintain Order and Security in the Country(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Security Border Border management Order

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۷۶۵
The process of accomplished evolution in different areas such as globalization and entering to information era causes more inter dependency of countries and their close relationship to reach self-interests and goals in different areas; so that no countries can live in their close borders and satisfy all their needs independently. So, the countries need to open their borders for using new opportunities to reach self-interests in international community. On the other hand, there are some problems and challenges besides these interests and opportunities that affect countries in different ways and encounter their order and security with some problems. Meanwhile, countries should open their borders in different grounds of objective space, cyberspace and identical (perceptional) to catch interests and opportunities of overseas, and close their borders to some extend so that insecurities and challenges of overseas can’t bring disorder and insecurity into the country and society; this can be possible by border management. So, this paper tries to explain the state of border management in different grounds of objective, cyber and identity and its relation to order and security inside the country, besides expressing the concept of border management.
۴.

Geo-culture and Security, Israel's Actions in Iranian Culture Territory (Case Study: India)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Security India Israel Geo-culture

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۳۱
India and Israel are in a multilateral long-term relationship with each other. Iran, as a third party, has two different stances with regard to these two countries. On the one, Iranian culture has its root in India and Iranian have longstanding formal and informal relationship with this country; on the other hand, because of the emergence of Israel and the way it treats Muslims it has been known as a usurper since the Islamic Revolution and is regarded as one of Iran's enemies. Relationship between Iran’s enemy and ally can create conditions worthy of study. This study is aimed at evaluating geo-culture policies of Israel in India and its impact on cultural influence of Iran in the Indian subcontinent. This is a descriptive-analytical research, the results of which are obtained based on library studies. The research hypothesis is that expansion of friendly ties between Israel and India could threaten Iran's national interests. Studies have shown that Israel has adopted various policies to reduce the effectiveness of Iran influence in Indian society and limit the influence of Persian culture
۵.

A Security Effective Structure for National Defense in the 21st Century(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: divine inspiration Geopolitics human geopolitics Security strategy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲۴ تعداد دانلود : ۴۲۵
In accordance with human necessities and deep attention into security, research studies have today became an irrefutable necessity in this area. It is noted that traditional concepts of this important issue have changed, as a result of occurring various events in the past, particularly in the 20th century; so that security is no more limited to protecting human beings against individual and collective dangers. Because geopolitics is the science of studying power relations in the political arena, the main actors in this field are the national constituencies determining the international equilibrium. In this context, competition for power through the strengthening of development indicators among different countries has been taken into consideration, through the geopolitical weight and the bargaining power to increase national security and, of course, security. Therefore, this research pursues two goals in relation to security and geopolitics: First, an analytical approach, on the views of academics, from the 1980s to the 20th century and to achieve motivation for the study of its fundamental concepts and the effect of geopolitics on these issues. Second, geopolitical approaches to security, related to the beginning of the 1990's up until now; and their assumptions, with emphasizing on future and geo-strategy. In this research, it is emphasized that geographically disrupted governments lose their territorial integrity, which results in them not being able to redefine national symbols according to global accelerated developments and floating identities.
۶.

A Review on Desirable Urban Landscape for Women in Iran

کلیدواژه‌ها: landscape Women space desirability feminine urban landscape Security

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۳۷۲
Regarding the increasing presence of women in the community as a result of higher education developments, urban spaces have become more feminine and the significant influence of women in urban spaces and landscape is rapidly increasing following the impacts of lifestyle phenomenon, media and globalization. The increasing influence of women on urban spaces and landscapes intensifies the necessity of deep scrutiny. Recently, security is being considered as an important issue for women and women tend to be present at urban spaces more; however, all different types of space are not considered secured enough for women. The absence of women architects and urbanists in the professional community despite the large population of women graduate from Iranian universities accentuates the problem. This research seeks to understand whether urban spaces and landscapes can be regarded as feminine spaces. This paper a review research and the literature and the research problem are described by emphasis on library documentation research method.
۷.

Investigating the Physical Security Dimensions Affecting Volleyball Stadiums Security(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Security violence Aggression Volleyball Stadiums Physical Security

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۴ تعداد دانلود : ۴۱۴
The present study aimed at investigating the physical security dimensions affecting the security of volleyball stadiums in Iran. The study employed a descriptive-exploratory research method conducted on 115 managers and officials in volleyball stadiums, presidents and experts of Provincial Volleyball Boards as well as experts in the field of sports facilities and events as well as sports violence and aggression. They answered a 20-itme Physical Security Assessment Questionnaire extracted from the adjusted Stadium Security Questionnaire (Faraji, 2014). The collected data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The research findings indicated that physical security is one of the main factors affecting the security of volleyball stadiums in Iran. Control of toxic and chemical substances (0.91), internal control (0.90), peripheral environment control (0.70) and court entrance control (0.59) were considered as the most important factors of physical security on the security of volleyball stadiums (P <0.05). It seems that the strict implementation of the security inspection protocol for spectators, the adoption of appropriate security measures in the external environment of volleyball stadiums, the reform of the ticket sales system, and the use of new methods for distributing and selling tickets to control the court entrances can prevent spectators’ violent behaviors and increase their satisfaction. As a result, the security of volleyball stadiums can be fulfilled.
۸.

The Role of Social Security Spaces of Traditional Iranian Cities in Urban Crimes Reduction: With Emphasis on CPTED* Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

تعداد بازدید : ۲۴۴ تعداد دانلود : ۳۷۴
Importance of security and sense of peace is a one of the most important factors of urban environment. Therefore, the necessity of security in urban spaces has caused the emergence of authentic theories like Defensible Spaces and Crime Prevention through Environment Design (CPTED)*. In this paper, various literatures related to defensible space theories have been reviewed and the related keywords have been defined. Then, the role of defensible urban spaces as a social capital in the reduction of urban crimes is examined. Further, condition of defensible spaces in traditional Iranian cities has been studied with reference to the city of Isfahan. The research method is based on data and documents collected through field survey.The conclusion justifies the precedent of defensible space, in design and planning, as well as shaping historical cities. Safe and secure spaces which support social capital concept, under public surveillance and collective responsibility, works as an important aspect in reducing crimes hence; bringing about a state of stable urban security.
۹.

Unsustainable Development Policies: Environmental Degradation and Threat to Human Security in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

تعداد بازدید : ۳۹۷ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۵
Environmental security is one of the most important aspects of human security, which puts emphasis on sustainability of the developmental policies and that they should adjust with the environment as well as rights of future generations. Since threats to the human security mainly occur within environmental issues, this research- highlighting the relationship between human security and environmental security and pointing out the threatening causes and factors to the human security - has replied to the question that how has the environmental degradation endangered human security in Iran? This study shows adoption of policies like 1- Expansion of urbanization, 2- Population growth, 3- Consumerism and stressing the production increase, disregarding its consequences, and 4- Development of environmentally incompatible technologies have led to further utilization of fossil fuels as well as uncontrollable use of various environmental resources, increased pollution, and extensively damaged the environment which consequently endangered human security due to the severe dependence of human being to the environment.
۱۵.

The Revolutions of 2011-2012 in the Arabic Countries and Ontological Security of Israel(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Democracy Identity Regime of Israel Revolutions of 2011- 2012 Security

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۷۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۳
This paper seeks to examine the effect of the revolutions of 2011-2012 in the Arabic countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) on Israeli regime's ontological security and its strategy of closure and deviation in the regional level. In other word, the paper tries to find the challenges the ontological security and identity of Israel is facing with after the occurrence of the awakening. This article argues that Israeli ontological security came across a kind of insecurity due to the appearance of democratic states in revolutionary countries, which resulted in forming a new identity against its identity. On this basis, review and analysis of the Israeli regime security is an important issue. Thus we are going to discuss security- identity challenges of Israel in the region. To do this, first the theory of ontological security will be explained as the theoretical framework; then the nature of the upheavals of the region will be expressed; and finally, Israeli ontological insecurity and its responses to it will be examined.
۱۶.

An Analysis of the Position of the Three Components of Nation, Nationality, and Identity in the Process of the Arab Military Coalition Formation in the Persian Gulf(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Arab Military Coalition Security Southwest Asia Persian Gulf Nation and Identity Islamic Geopolitics

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۰
The structure of governments in the West Asian region, which is part of the civilization of the Islamic world, faces major challenges in governance, and due to the fundamental differences between Islamic political thought and Western humanist political thought, Islamic countries are well on their way. They do not adopt regional governance. Meanwhile, the geopolitical region of Southwest Asia and the countries bordering the Persian Gulf are no exception.In the years leading up to 2020, for example, the geopolitical region of Southwest Asia has undergone many changes due to some geopolitical factors, such as the efforts of some Arab countries to form a pregnant Arab military coalition. The mentioned Arab military coalition, which is planned and pursued under the influence of geopolitical issues in the region, can be evaluated and analyzed by looking at the position of the three components of nation, nationality and identity in Islam, a process that is influenced by world developments. Modern has been adopted and is indifferent to the past history of the Islamic world and the basic concepts of this religion.The present study believes that although the concepts in Islamic political thought and its religious teachings provide ideal opportunities for the production and maintenance of security, the strong influence of the Islamic world on Western political thought does not allow for such decisions. The security situation in the geopolitical region of Southwest Asia has deprived it of permanent stability and security.
۱۷.

Analysis of China's role in the Persian Gulf with its Security view of the Country to the Region (after the Islamic Awakening)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Persian Gulf region Islamic Awakening Foreign policy China Security

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۸
    Islamic awakening is a movement, which has exploited the Muslim nations for many years to return Islam to the social and individual life of Muslims, and in contrast to the international domination system. The evolutions have left abundant effects, and have affected the foreign policy of some countries with political and economic relations with the Middle East countries, especially the Persian Gulf. This study has investigated the role of China in the Persian Gulf with the security view of the country to the region (after the Islamic awakening evolutions). The main question in this study is: what approach was taken by China in the Persian Gulf after the Islamic Awakening evolutions? The results of this study showed that the approach of China to the evolutions of the Persian Gulf and the Middle East has faced a security perspective. The geopolitical and economic interests of China in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf have formed the behaviors of the country against such evolutions. The most important dimension of the geopolitical interests of China can be preventing the regional order in the Persian Gulf from becoming hegemonic. Also, the most underlying dimension of economic interests has can be supplying energy security. According to these interests, China got an impartial position in the Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain, and Yemen crises. In the Libya crisis, China accompanied the International Community and played role in the Syria crisis in contrast to the West and Arab League. The behavior of China against the Islamic Awakening Evolutions was a gradual movement from the margins to the core of crises. China became a key activist in the later crises of the region.
۱۸.

Delineation of an Optimal Security Perspective for the Caspian Region(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Security Caspian Region Futurology geopolitical criteria Scenario

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۸
The security-based futurology of political units is a type of futurology focusing on geographic areas to assess their security status in the future. The Caspian region as one of the regions facing various factors has gained geopolitical significance, has a wide range of probable futures. The operational objective of this study is to identify the criteria affecting the security of this region and its final objective is to delineate an optimal security-based future for the region through a future study approach. It is a qualitative case study being formulated based on some qualitative and quantitative models and the relevant literature is used as the basis for classifying security standards into six groups of military, economic, spatial, sociocultural, political and environmental. the results were used to present 18 criteria of this region security. Then, 26 questionnaires were distributed among a group of faculty members of geopolitics from the universities of Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. The collected data were analyzed using the combined mean TOPSIS method and key criteria of the Caspian region security were extracted. The findings indicated that the three key criteria of joint military and weapons investment, commercial relations and human development as the most critical geopolitical criteria of security in this region formed eight security scenarios and finally the scenario based on ‘regional joint military and weapons investment, free trade, and the homogeneous human development’ with higher scores were introduced as the criterion for the delineation of security perspective for the leaders of countries in this region.
۱۹.

Applying design ideas to promote security of urban spaces(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Security Urban Space Territoriality surveillance Environmental Design

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۹
Security is one of the most critical factors affecting the quality of urban spaces. Nowadays, most of these spaces have become merely pathways with neither social life nor sense of belonging to it. Insufficiency of public surveillance along with weak sense of control and surveillance results in spaces with high crime rate. In the late 60s and early 70s, high crime statistics in open urban spaces around America and Europe, forced many city planners to provide physical and cultural solutions for it. Sensitive environmental design can simultaneously prevent the occurrence of crime and increase the control and surveillance over the public spaces. The main purpose of this paper is to achieve the most critical factors enhancing safe urban spaces. The research method is descriptive analysis and is done by comparative study on three outstanding theorists’ point of view toward the subject. Research findings identify that crime prevention is largely achieved through applying territoriality, surveillance and social interaction factors in environmental design.
۲۰.

A Study on the Role of the Landscape Design with the Approach of Solving the Limitations of Using the Coas tal Area for Women in Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Coastal landscape Balanced use of space Use space at the coastal edge Privacy Security

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۵۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۴
The coastal landscape is relatively new and complex category that offers the potential of sharing the sciences of architecture, perspective, nature and the environment, tourism and hospitality, beyond their physical effects on one another, their widespread effects in enhancing identity and the quality of the architectural atmosphere cannot be ignored. Approaches to greeting with beaches in Islamic countries have impressive impact on the interaction of the people in the statistical societies of those countries with coastal landscape architecture. The shores in Islamic countries are controversial textures that according to the formulated policy of each country, how to dealing with are changed. The purpose of this study is analyzing coastal landscape architecture and its position in Islamic countries Like Iran, spatial organization of coastal landscape and the equal use of men and women on the coasts of Iran by analytical-descriptive research method. One of the most important issues is the lack of gender-balanced psychological and spatial use of these coastlines. In many beachfronts, women are ignored and no location, zoning or privacy have been considered for them. In some parts of the coastline, some projects called ‘Salem Sazi’ have created for women which unfortunately pay little attention to elements of architecture, landscaping, aesthetics and the performance is very limited and in no way is it in the dignity of the Iranian lady and Iranian family.