درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the role of self-esteem in marital relationships, examining how self-esteem influences marital satisfaction, communication, and overall relationship dynamics. Methods: This research utilizes a descriptive analytical narrative review approach. Data were collected from valid scientific databases, including both Persian and English sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, Magiran, and IranDoc. The inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed studies that examined the link between self-esteem and marital relationships. A qualitative content analysis was conducted to identify key themes, patterns, and differences across the literature. Findings: The analysis reveals that self-esteem is a critical factor in marital satisfaction, with individuals possessing higher self-esteem experiencing more fulfilling and stable relationships. Self-esteem also plays a significant role in improving communication between couples, reducing marital conflicts, and enhancing emotional intimacy. Furthermore, the review highlights a reciprocal relationship between self-esteem and sexual satisfaction, where individuals with higher sexual self-esteem demonstrate better marital functioning. Cross-cultural comparisons between Persian and English literature suggest similar themes but also reveal cultural nuances in the perception and role of self-esteem within marriages. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of self-esteem in marital relationships, suggesting that higher self-esteem leads to better marital satisfaction, improved communication, and reduced conflicts. Interventions aimed at boosting self-esteem, particularly among women, could have a positive impact on marital dynamics and overall family well-being. The study calls for greater attention from family counselors and institutions to promote self-esteem through workshops and educational programs, ultimately contributing to happier and more stable marriages.

  Objective : It is crucial to prioritize the enhancement of teachers’ mental health within the education system. As a result, this study aims to examine the impact of a Pilates training course on the psychological and mental well-being of school teachers, encompassing aspects such as depression and self-esteem. Methods : The research was carried out using a quasi-experimental approach. The study involved 60 elementary school teachers who were chosen through convenience sampling and then randomly and equally divided into two groups - experimental and control. Data was collected using standard questionnaires. T tests and ANCOVA were used to analyze data.  Results : The results showed that there is no significant difference in both depression and self-esteem in the pretest (both P>0.05). However, it was observed that experimental group had significantly lower depression and higher self-esteem compared to control group in the posttest (both P=0.001). Finally, the results of ANCOVA showed significant differences between experimental and control groups in both depression and self-esteem (both P=0.001). Conclusions : These findings indicate that it is possible to recommend Pilates exercise and movement activities as a way to improve mental health, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, efficiency, positive mood and reduce mental and emotional tensions in school teachers.

Externalizing behavior problems refer to a set of symptoms that can lead to significant psychological problems over time. These disorders affect a person's behavior as well as their physical, cognitive, and social abilities, disrupting their functioning in social, occupational, and academic areas. The present study investigated the relationship between executive functions and social skills in children's play with externalizing behavior problems. This research was conducted in a descriptive manner, and its statistical population included all children in Tehran in the academic year 2024-2025. In this study, using a multi-stage random sampling method, several schools were selected from district 6 of Tehran, and 130 children whose parents or teachers were willing to participate in the research and were identified as children with externalizing behavior problems according to the results of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist questionnaire (CBCL) were selected as the sample. Data were collected using the BRIEF Executive Function Questionnaire and a researcher-made Social Skills Questionnaire, and data analysis was performed using single-variable regression. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the components of executive functions (including set shifting, working memory, inhibitory control, and inhibition) and the social skills of children with externalizing behavior problems (P=0/001). Therefore, it is emphasized that by using strategies to promote executive functions and social skills in the play process, it is possible to prevent the formation and continuation of externalizing behavior problems in preschool children