environmental factors

Purpose: Every human being, regardless of the city or village that he Lives, in pursuit of a desirable and satisfying life needed fields and factors to enable a person to provide comfort and long-term well-being for himself and his community. To some authors this condition is synonymous with livability or suitable conditions for life, in general, it refers to a set of objective characteristics that make a place in point is that people tend to live in the present and future. The aim of this study is to evaluate the environmental factors affecting the livability of rural areas and tried to answer the question of whether environmental factors affect the livability of rural areas or not? Design/methodology/approach: The nature of this study is applied, and it uses the descriptive-analytical method. Data was collected by documentary study and field studies (questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation). The population statistic was the rural area of the city of Buin Zahra. 211 households were chosen through Cochran formula. To analyze the data descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and comparative statistics (correlation analysis, one sample t-test, ANOVA) were used. Finding: The results showed that the livability of the villages in all dimensions is moderate. The results of analysis of variance showed that the environmental factors affecting the livability of the villages have significant differences in all indicators. Furthermore, the analytical results indicated that the correlation between habitability and environmental factors are significant and there is a positive relationship between them. By promoting the quality of environmental factors, the livability of rural areas will be upgraded. Originality/value: Due to their lifestyle and livelihood, villagers are the direct beneficiaries of environmental resources (i.e., water, soil, forest, grassland); therefore, environmental factors should be considered in the development of a village and its livability because the preservation of the environment against pollution and destruction of the village and its values is especially important. This study aimed to explain the effects of environmental factors on the livability of rural areas and finally offers some recommendations for improving and promoting the rural environment factors.

During the last decade, researchers embarked on several archaeological surveys and excavations in Luristan and they could unearth 29 Neolithic sites there. The current paper, taking into accounts the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Settlement Analysis, tries to analyze the role of environment on the aforementioned Neolithic sites. The study indicates that Neolithic communities chose foraging as the most important way of their livelihood. Water and food resources, wild plants, and animals were found impressive in the site-catchment process. All of the 29 Neolithic settlements are located at the altitudes between 500 and 2000 meters above sea level. These altitudes cover the southern, central, and northern parts of Luristan, the region that enjoys semi-arid climates, cool winters and hot summers, where pastoral livestock has been common. There are many rivers at these heights, but locals often disposed of using springs water. The distance from 26 sites to the springs is about 300 meters.

Despite its direct relevance to second/foreign language learning, quality of life has been a neglected area within Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. The present study sought to investigate the relationship between quality of life factors and speaking skill as one of the most challenging parts of L2 learning. To this end, an adapted version of life quality questionnaire originally devised by the World Health Organization (WHO) was administered to 100 female intermediate Iranian EFL learners. In addition, 30 of the participants were randomly selected to take part in follow-up semi-structured interviews which asked why the respondents felt the way they reported. The analysis of data obtained from questionnaire and interviews revealed that although all the four domains of life quality namely physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains had impact on the speaking ability of the participants, a number of facets in physical and psychological domains were more influential. Furthermore, the statistical Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between life quality factors dominating learner’s success in speaking tasks. The findings of this study have implications for teacher educators and educational decision makers in bringing about higher levels of speaking ability and Quality Of Life (QOL) among English language learners.

Abstract Purpose: This research conducted with the aim of presenting a model about risk management training in the insurance industry. Research method was practical in terms of objective; in terms of data collection method, it was descriptive-correlational; and considering the data type was quantitative. Methodology: The statistical population, consisted of all men and women working in the insurance industry (51882 individuals), from whom 384 individuals were selected as sample size, using a Stratified Random Sampling method and Morgan table. In order to collect data, made researcher questionnaire from available literature was used. Validity was approved by content validity according to academic experts and insurance industry viewpoint; and in order to calculate reliability, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used. Finding: Findings approved of the validity and reliability of the data collection tools. Analysis of data was conducted using SPSS and Lisrel software in two sections: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equations). Discussion: Findings showed that presented model consist of factors like principles of educational management, familiarity with risk management system, environmental factors, organizational resources, learning organization, social capital, and organizational culture had appropriate fitting.

Natural and human factors are always a threat to the destruction and damage of ancient monuments, and depending on the type of area, each of these factors can be damaging; many historical sites have been destroyed or seriously damaged as a result of these circumstances. Using GIS, the threatened regions of historical sites in Lorestan's Khorramabad region were identified to take action to preserve them. Shapur Khast Fortress (Falakol aflak), Broken Bridge, Safavid Bridge (Gap Bridge), brick minaret, Khorramabad inscription, and Gerdab Sangi are among the region's known ancient sites. Effective factors in the destruction of ancient monuments are five criteria defined by professionals in the field, which include the distance from the waterway, distance from the streets, slope, height, and slope orientation, all of which are depicted on a geographical map. The model is next assessed utilizing modeling by fuzzy logic operators approach and identifying the effect of each criterion. The final result includes five vulnerability classes: very high, high, medium, low, and very low. In this study, the AND operator provides the optimal risk-adjusted state, which has been proven by empirical verification and historical sources.

Today, the residents of urban areas try to spend some time in the natural quiet, original and intact environments to escape from the various types of environmental pollution that threatens them. Therefore, tourism is one of the phenomena that has affected the rural areas and especially the summer villages of Tehran in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of emergence and identification of environmental factors in the development of tourism around metropolis of Tehran. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. For information gathering, field surveys (questionnaires) were used and 100 households were interviewed. The results show that the tourism of the studied villages dates back to the decades 1991s and 80s, so that in the 2001s, it had a growing trend, and a meaningful relationship between natural and human factors in the formation of this industry has existed. According to the findings of the research, it is suggested to identify the effects and environmental factors in the development of tourism structures in rural areas.

Nowadays, the residents of urban areas try to spend some time in natural, quiet, original and intact environments to escape from the various types of environmental pollution that threatens them. Therefore, tourism is one of the phenomena that has affected the rural areas and especially the summer villages of Tehran in recent decades. The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of emergence and identification of environmental factors and their relations with development of tourism around metropolis of Tehran. The method of this research was descriptive-analytical. For information gathering, field surveys (questionnaires) were used and 100 households were interviewed. The results showed that the tourism of the studied villages dates back to the decades 1991s and in 2001s, it had a growing trend, and a meaningful relationship between natural and human factors in the formation of this industry has existed. Accordingly, the findings of the research suggested that identifying the effects and environmental factors in the development of tourism structures in rural areas are important.

Over the past few decades, the growing population and the high density of human environments and the development of urban life in most of Iran's cities have caused problems such as limiting natural environments and neglecting ecological conditions such as rivers, forests and natural resource depletion has led to the emergence of severe challenges. Regrettably, in the case of rivers and their marginal lands, in most cities, we face disregard and lack of proper monitoring; urban rivers are one of the most effective sights in cities with this feature. It is considered that by using the correct potential of the rivers inland, the equilibrium of the relative We created between artificial spaces (man-made) and natural spaces in the city and emphasized the presence and participation of more people in natural environments. In order to create and motivate the presence and participation of citizens in the first stage, there is a need for a space for social interactions that We will strengthen the mental and social health of individuals, and in the second stage, we need a standardized and comprehensive urban design, taking into account the general principles of design, as well as observing the appropriate visual corridors in urban space, in order to create the motivation and possibility of the participation of the people, the main issue in research Present study of environmental factors affecting the visual structure of rivers Urban Rhone and the impact of rivers on improving the quality of landscapes of cities with this potential. This paper has been compiled on the basis of content analysis methodology and data analysis using SWOT technique is presented in Table 5. As a result, the paper has a practical structure that includes a series of basic steps to improve urban landscape indicators along the river bed and provide tourist facilities along the periphery of the rivers in the city.

Educational centers are of those types of organizations to which almost everyone refer during the life to use the services. Accordingly, the suitability of safety situation in these organizations is of high importance. The present study aims at investigation of effective factors on safety management in educational-training organizations of metropolises. This study is an applied descriptive research. The educational centers of metropolises comprised the statistical population of the current study, and Tehran is the selected sample as Iran&rsquos capital and a metropolis. The collected data examined the safety discussions in terms of human factors, management error, equipment and environmental factors. The results of the study indicated that the identified factors (human, management error, equipment, and environmental factors) affect the safety management, and the factors of management errors, human factors, environmental ellements, and equipment were of highest to least importance, respectively.

This study was aimed at clarifying the position of environment and heredity in scholastic aptitude by investigating the role of family, educational, and economic factors in the scholastic aptitude of ninth-grade students. This applied study adopted a quantitative approach and a descriptive causal- comparative method in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research included all 1,234,641 students in the ninth grade of the secondary schools in Iran in the academic year of 2020–2021. The sample size contained 11790 students selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. The data were collected using a 64-question Scholastic Aptitude Test and analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the MANOVA using the SPSS 25 software. The research results showed that among the family factors, the mother's educational level; among the educational factors, the type of school and educational assistance classes; and among the economic factors, the family income, had a significant role in the students' scholastic aptitude (P < 0.05). Moreover, the linear combination of family factors and educational factors does not have a significant role in scholastic aptitude while the linear combination of economic factors has a significant role. In general, among family, economic, and educational factors, economic factors have a more significant role in scholastic aptitude.

Purpose: Organizational health within schools significantly influences teacher well-being, professional efficacy, and student outcomes. This study aimed to identify and explain the dimensions and components of organizational health among middle school teachers in Tehran, focusing on how individual, organizational, and environmental factors contribute to the overall health of educational institutions. Methodology: Adopting a qualitative research design, this study engaged 26 middle school teachers from Tehran through semi-structured interviews. The participants were selected purposively to ensure a diverse representation of experiences and viewpoints. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and thematic analysis was employed to identify and analyze the emerging themes related to organizational health. Findings: The study revealed that individual factors such as motivation, professional development, and job satisfaction; organizational factors including leadership, communication, and organizational culture; and environmental factors like policy influence and community engagement are critical to the organizational health of schools. These factors together create a comprehensive framework affecting the overall effectiveness and well-being of educational settings. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of addressing both the internal and external components of organizational health in schools. A holistic approach that considers individual, organizational, and environmental factors is essential for fostering a positive educational environment, supporting teacher well-being, and enhancing student achievement. The study provides valuable insights for educational leaders, policymakers, and practitioners aiming to improve the organizational health of schools.