درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This paper illustrated in Alice Munro’s selected works the bad condition in which the characters are trapped as a result of their contexualized mind that is confined to limited interpretation in accordance with the Other’s desire, their mental attachment and dependence to Symbolic Order and what it imposes as the only way to think and live. Lacan’s concept of Beauty encapsulated in “act[ing] in conformity with one’s desires” is thought while reading Munro’s writings. It is a socio-ethical reading of Lacan. It was proved socio-ethical reading in psychoanalysis is quite fruitful; it gives the data that its effect goes from individual to society. Lacan’s notion on Symbolic Order was theoretically analyzed to prove how ethical psychoanalysis helps characters awareness. The bad condition illustrates living in Symbolic Order. The characters found it intolerable since unlike Lacanian ethics and Beauty that helps human to live his life in its full,morality in Symbolic Order works for desire of the Other. Symbolic Order subjects the characters to structure of power; the dominant socio-political power that follows “morality of the master” meaning that it determined society’s conventions. Characters have no role in making their life by their own decisions and in conformity with their Real desire. They turn into passive individuals with victim mentality. Relinquishment of one’s own desire results in feeling of guilt and regret. Hence, while characters stand out from the social orders, they experience a neutral stance in which they come to awareness; this neutrality illustrates Beauty in Lacan.

Objective: The current research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of implementing a cognitive-behavioral approach-based couple therapy program on parents and the reduction of internalized behavioral problems in students with autism spectrum disorder. Method: The present research design was quasi-experimental, utilizing a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The population consisted of all parents with autistic sons aged 10 to 15 years in the city of Mashhad, from which 56 eligible parents (couples) were selected through convenience sampling and placed into two groups: experimental and control (each group comprising 28 parents). The experimental group underwent twelve 90-minute sessions of couple therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach by Dattilio (2005; 2009), while the control group was on a waitlist. Both groups responded to the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist at three stages. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS.22 software. Findings: The results indicated that the implementation of couple therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach on parents significantly reduced the internalized behavioral problems (F=29.48, P<0.001) of children with autism spectrum disorder. This effect was sustained at the follow-up stage. Conclusion: It can be concluded that couple therapy with a cognitive-behavioral approach was effective in reducing the internalized behavioral problems of children with autism spectrum disorder, and this approach can be utilized to decrease the psychological problems of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of assertiveness training and Logotherapy on cognitive emotional regulation and psychological well-being in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods: The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test with a control group. The study population included all mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders in Tehran during the years 2022-2023. Sixty eligible individuals were randomly sampled into three groups: Experimental Group 1, Experimental Group 2, and a Control Group. The research variables were measured using the Gratz and Roemer (2004) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and the Ryff (1989) Psychological Well-being Scale. Experimental Groups 1 and 2 received eight 2-hour sessions of Logotherapy and assertiveness training respectively, while the control group received no intervention during this period. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. Findings: The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of assertiveness training and Logotherapy on cognitive emotional regulation among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (p = 0.05). There was also a significant difference in the effectiveness of assertiveness training and Logotherapy on the psychological well-being of these mothers (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that both assertiveness training and Logotherapy enhance cognitive emotional regulation, with Logotherapy being a more effective method for increasing psychological well-being compared to assertiveness training.

Objective: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system, and the disability resulting from the disease impacts self-efficacy and various mental health dimensions of these patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to propose a structural model for predicting psychological well-being and emotional regulation based on resilience and self-efficacy among MS patients in Tehran. Methods: Given its objective, this research is of the applied type and descriptive in nature concerning data collection methods, specifically employing structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all individuals with MS attending treatment centers in Tehran in 2021, with a minimum sample size estimated at 150. The variables studied were based on the Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale, the Gross and John's Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Schwarzer and Jerusalem's Self-Efficacy Scale. Ultimately, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in AMOS software. Findings: According to the study's findings, all standardized coefficient values related to the dimensions of the latent variables were higher than 0.4, indicating that this measurement model has adequate reliability regarding the items of latent variables. Critical ratio values are usually introduced as validity parameters associated with the structural model and, in this study, all values were significant and outside the range of (-1.96, 1.96), with Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability values greater than 0.7 and AVE values greater than 0.5. Conclusion: Thus, the model enjoys appropriate validity and reliability.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Couple Therapy (ACT) on communication patterns and marital infidelity among married individuals in Yazd. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental. The population consisted of all married individuals attending psychological counseling and service centers in Meybod. Using questionnaires on communication patterns and marital infidelity, and employing purposive sampling, 20 couples with higher scores were selected from a pool of 50 couples. They were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (10 couples) or the control group (10 couples). The experimental group underwent Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, while the control group received no treatment. Post-tests were administered to both groups. Results, analyzed using covariance analysis. Findings: Findings showed that Acceptance and Commitment-Based Couple Therapy significantly impacts the communication patterns of married individuals. Additionally, it significantly affects marital infidelity among married individuals. Conclusion: Thus, ACT can be used to enhance couple’s relationship and prevent infidelity and divorce.

Objective: Dealing with stress is one of the transformative changes that divorce introduces in personal and family lives, leading to the disruption of mental health, cognitive conflicts, and identity crises among women. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a strength-based approach on distress tolerance and frustration tolerance in divorced women. Methods: The research was applied in nature and semi-experimental in design, featuring a pre-test and post-test with one experimental group and one control group, along with a two-month follow-up. Consequently, the study population consisted of all divorced women who visited counseling centers in District 6 of Tehran in 2022. From this population, 40 women were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 participants) and a control group (20 participants). The experimental group underwent a strength-based approach program based on a protocol developed by Darbani and Parsakia (2022). Data collection tools included the Harrington Frustration Tolerance Questionnaire (2005) and the Simons and Gahr Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (2005). Descriptive statistics utilized frequency distribution tables, and inferential analysis was conducted using mixed ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, employing SPSS software version 26. Findings: Considering the F-values and significance levels in the mixed ANOVA for frustration tolerance (F = 10.49, p = 0.002) and distress tolerance (F = 8.81, p = 0.003), it can be concluded that the intervention employed in this study, namely the strength-based approach as an independent variable, significantly altered the dependent variables (frustration tolerance and distress tolerance). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the strength-based approach is effective in improving distress tolerance and frustration tolerance among divorced women. Therefore, techniques from this approach can be utilized in post-divorce counseling for divorced women.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Imago therapy-based couples therapy on improving communication skills, conflict resolution, and sensitivity to rejection among couples attending counseling centers in Masjed Soleyman. Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted with a pre-test, post-test, control group design, and follow-up. The population of this study included all couples visiting counseling centers in Masjed Soleyman in 2019, with twenty couples (40 individuals) randomly divided into experimental and control groups (10 couples per group). Participants in the experimental group underwent ten two-hour training sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. Participants were assessed using the Quinndom Communication Skills questionnaire, the Sanayi Zaker et al.'s Standard Sensitivity to Rejection, and the Downey and Feldman Marital Conflict questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance via SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results showed that training based on Imago therapy significantly altered the experimental group's communication skills, conflict resolution, and sensitivity to rejection compared to the control group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, Imago therapy training can be considered an effective method for improving communication skills, conflict resolution, and sensitivity to rejection among couples.