Journal of preventive Counselling (JPC)

Intersubjectivity has priority over subjectivity because meaning is discussed and constructed in a two-way process that happens in a conversation. According to this, the research aims to show the terms of change for meaning production in psychotherapy with clients. Two cases (a child and an adult) were selected with apparent symptoms of anxiety and fear with the case study method and available sampling. They were treated by the technical integrative method. Conversations were coded by process-focused conversation analysis. Analyzing results by process-focused conversation analysis showed that in both cases, to happen changes in psychotherapy, besides terms of conversation, a particular type of psychotherapy response is essential (Khayyami's cycle), and client change is not explained by the merely particular response of the therapist; but, the therapist can, by the method used in the research, acquire the meaning hidden behind client's verbal response and symptoms on the dialogue process and show Lacani's transcendental signified and signified chain.

Aim: The Aim of study was to investigate the effect of deception for intensity of exercise on fatigue in female students.Methods: Sixteen subjects were selected randomly among 30 students who volunteered to participate in the study and they performed maximal exercise test (Bruce) in two states. In the first state, the increase in exercise intensity during steps of Bruce test was correctly announced to the subjects, but in the second state, they were dictated that the increase in exercise intensity was less than in the first state. Dependent variables were measured at the end of the test and the data were compared with paired t-test using SPSS 23.Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference for median frequency of rectus femoris muscle (p=0.043), maximium heart rate of the subjects at the end of Bruce test (p=0.001) and time to reach exhaustion (p=0.001) between the first state in which the actual increase in exercise intensity during steps of Bruce test was announced to the subjects and the second state in which they were dictated that the increase in exercise intensity, was less than the first state. However, no significant difference was observed for median frequency of vastus medialis (p=0.736) and vastus lateralis (p=0.762) muscles, as well as for rate of perceived exertion (p=1.000). Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that by deception for intensity of exercise during maximal exercise test, the amount of fatigue can be reduced and the time to reach fatigue can be increased.

Aim: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement (MBRE) and Emotion Focused (EFT) therapies on marital satisfaction and intimacy in couples with low self-disclosure. Method: This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of Kermanshah, Iran, in 2022-2023 who had a low level of self-disclosure. 30 couples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The first experimental group underwent MBRE (eight 90-minute couple sessions) and the second experimental group EFT intervention (nine 90-minute couple sessions). The control group did not receive any intervention. The Marital Self-Disclosure (Waring et al. 1998), the short form of the Marital Satisfaction (Favers and Olson, 1993) and the Intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983) scales were used for collecting the data. Results: The results of Analysis of Variance with repeated measures (Mixed Model) showed that both interventions increased marital satisfaction and intimacy (p<0.01) and this effect was maintained during the follow-up period. Also, findings indicated that there is a significant difference between MBRE and EFT therapies; MBRE has been more effective in increasing marital satisfaction and intimacy than EFT (p<0.05). Conclusion: MBRE has been more effective than the EFT on solving the marital satisfaction and intimacy due to the involvement of couples in mind-body relationship and mental self-awareness. Therefore, this treatment is suggested to marital counselors.

Aim: This qualitative study investigates the challenges faced by women with a history of parental divorce in their marriages. It aims to uncover the emotional, psychological, and relational difficulties stemming from parental divorce and their impact on marital dynamics. Method: Utilizing conventional content analysis, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with sixteen women from Qom Province during winter and summer of 2024 year, who had experienced parental divorce and are in their first marriages. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved recording and transcribing interviews, followed by coding and thematic analysis to identify recurring themes. Findings: The findings indicated six main categories: 1. Unresolved Past Painful Emotions, 2. Marital hurdles of Being a Child of Divorce, 3. Persistent Psychological Insecurity, 4. Deficiency in Skills Due to the Absence of Successful Life Models, 5. The Enduring Echoes of Parental Divorce, and 6. Growth After Experiencing the Trauma of Parental Divorce. Conclusion: Parental divorce profoundly impacts individuals' emotional and psychological well-being, influencing various aspects of their marital lives. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to address these challenges, emphasizing mental health support and life skills training. Future research should explore gender differences, partner perspectives, and cross-cultural variations to develop comprehensive strategies for improving the marital experiences of individuals with a history of parental divorce.

The purpose of this research was to explain critical thinking in electronic education. The qualitative research aimed at analyzing the importance of critical thinking skills in improving students' virtual education learning with a descriptive-interpretive approach sought answers to the following 2 questions: 1- How do students describe their learning experiences with critical thinking in virtual education? 2- What changes has the critical thinking skill made in learning the virtual education of students? The data collection tool was an open-ended interview, with 12 of the 98 incoming student teachers, with targeted sampling and the research location of the Faculty of Teacher Education, Farhangian University of Ardabil, who had studied with virtual education. Analysis of the findings after implementing the experiences and interviews of the students and the components obtained from the open and central and selective coding with 6 components (self-knowledge - spirituality - media literacy - receptivity to criticism and criticism - pluralism - cognition and metacognition) It led to the conclusion of the following 3 themes according to the elements of the national curriculum and the goals of education as follows: 1- Communication with oneself 2- Communication with God 3- Communication with creation It could be used in educational systems and the positive and negative consequences in learning and education in order to be successful in learning, and it is necessary that the virtual learner is not limited to education, but must be a critical thinker or acquire educational skills and abilities during his education.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of developing a pre-marriage educational package based on the concepts of Sternberg's theory on love stories in single girls. Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose, quasi-experimental in terms of research method, and pre-test-post-test with control group and follow-up stage in terms of research design. The statistical population of this research was made up of people who referred to Haft Sange Zendegi Educational Institute in 2023. Before conducting the training classes, both groups (including the intervention group and the control group) were evaluated with the research measurement tool. Then, for the intervention group, the film therapy program based on Sternberg's concepts was implemented in the amount of 25 sessions of two hours per hour. Results: According to the findings, the asymmetric story variable (P=0.861), thematic story variable (P<0.001), participatory story variable (P<0.001), narrative type story variable (P=0.863), genre story variable (P=0.976) There was no significant difference between the two experimental and control groups during the pre-test. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the two experimental and control groups during the pre-test (P=0.351), but there was a significant difference between the two post-test and follow-up periods between the control and experimental groups (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between post-test and follow-up in the thematic story variable (P=0.232). Likewise, there was no significant difference between the post-test and follow-up in the story variable (P=0.548). Conclusion: This study is unique in Iran as it involves premarital counseling based on movies.

This paper illustrated in Alice Munro’s selected works the bad condition in which the characters are trapped as a result of their contexualized mind that is confined to limited interpretation in accordance with the Other’s desire, their mental attachment and dependence to Symbolic Order and what it imposes as the only way to think and live. Lacan’s concept of Beauty encapsulated in “act[ing] in conformity with one’s desires” is thought while reading Munro’s writings. It is a socio-ethical reading of Lacan. It was proved socio-ethical reading in psychoanalysis is quite fruitful; it gives the data that its effect goes from individual to society. Lacan’s notion on Symbolic Order was theoretically analyzed to prove how ethical psychoanalysis helps characters awareness. The bad condition illustrates living in Symbolic Order. The characters found it intolerable since unlike Lacanian ethics and Beauty that helps human to live his life in its full,morality in Symbolic Order works for desire of the Other. Symbolic Order subjects the characters to structure of power; the dominant socio-political power that follows “morality of the master” meaning that it determined society’s conventions. Characters have no role in making their life by their own decisions and in conformity with their Real desire. They turn into passive individuals with victim mentality. Relinquishment of one’s own desire results in feeling of guilt and regret. Hence, while characters stand out from the social orders, they experience a neutral stance in which they come to awareness; this neutrality illustrates Beauty in Lacan.

Aim: This study was conducted with the aim of effecting of dialectical behavior therapy in reducing negative perfectionism in perfectionist girls. Method: In this research, a quantitative single-subject test method with an A-B baseline was used. A statistical sample of 3 students aged 16-19 years old, from teenage girls, were selected by a purposive sampling method, through interviews, and Frost's perfectionism questionnaire (1990). Based on 3 baseline plans, the intervention was started. After performing three baseline measures, the intervention phase started with the implementation of dialectical behavior therapy. In the intervention phase, dialectical behavior therapy instruction was held with a preliminary session and 10 weekly one-hour therapy sessions, and skills related to research were taught. Finding: The analysis of the findings using graphical analysis showed that dialectical behavior therapy was effective in reducing the negative perfectionism of perfectionist girls. Conclusion: The results of the research indicated that dialectical behavior therapy is effective in reducing the negative perfectionism of teenagers. Therefore, it is suggested that the dialectical behavior therapy method be used for teenagers.

Methods: The present study was semi-independent in terms of its purpose, application, and research method. It utilized a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. Among the addicts referred to the Paris addiction treatment center in Tehran in 1400, 45 individuals were randomly selected through a lottery and assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received 8 sessions of reality therapy combined with compassion-based therapy, while the second experimental group received 8 sessions of reality therapy alone. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data collection involved the use of Antonoski's Psychological Coherence Scale (1993) in its short form, Sanson et al.'s Self-Destruction Questionnaire (1998), and Smets et al.'s Fatigue Questionnaire (1996). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 software and repeated measurements analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The results of the research demonstrated that both compassion-based therapy and reality therapy significantly contributed to the improvement of psychological coherence, reduction of self-destruction behaviors, and alleviation of fatigue in substance abusers. In other words, individuals who participated in either compassion-based therapy or reality therapy experienced increased psychological coherence and decreased tendencies towards self-harm and fatigue. However, no significant difference was found between the two therapy groups in terms of their impact on the studied variables.