مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Self-Efficacy


۱.

How Attitude, Self-efficacy, and Job Satisfaction Relate with Teaching Strategies? رابطه نگرش، خودکارآمدی و رضایت شغلی با راهکارهای تدریس معلمان شهر تهران(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Issues in Language Teaching (ILT), Vol. ۱, No. ۱, June ۲۰۱۲

کلیدواژه‌ها: رضایت شغلی نگرش خود کارآمدی attitude Job satisfaction معلمان زبان انگلیسی Iranian EFL Teachers راهکارهای تدریس Self-Efficacy strategy use

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The primary purpose of the present study was to explore whether there was any significant relationship between attitude, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction of Iranian EFL teachers on the one hand, and their choice of teaching strategies. Strategies mostly used by participants of the study with low, mid, and high levels of self-efficacy comprised another purpose of the study. To this end, a questionnaire was developed, piloted, validated, and its reliability was estimated for collecting the required data. Subsequently, based on cluster sampling, 420 male and female teachers from three different educational districts of Tehran responded to the questionnaire. Three separate MANOVAs were run to investigate the effect of teachers’ attitudes on strategies they employed for teaching grammar, vocabulary, and reading. This was followed by the same approach to study the effect of teachers’ self-efficacy and job-satisfaction levels, as well. The results revealed a significant relationship between three factors (attitude, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction) and teachers’ choice of teaching strategies. Moreover, based on the scores obtained from the answers to the questionnaire, participants were classified into three levels of low, mid, and high which corresponded with their degrees of attitude, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. Accordingly, it was shown that high level of attitude, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction strongly affected teachers’ use of vocabulary teaching strategies; mid to high level of attitude and efficacy affected use of reading and grammar strategies. Also, it appeared that strategies for teaching vocabulary are used more frequently among teachers than grammar and reading.
۲.

The Mediator Role of Learning Strategies in the Relationship between Academic Self-Efficacy and Test Anxiety(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory, Volume ۱, Issue ۲, Summer ۲۰۱۸ 7 - 13

کلیدواژه‌ها: academic Self-Efficacy learning strategies test anxiety

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the mediator role of learning strategies in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and test anxiety.  Method: This research was done in a descriptive-correlational manner. The sample of study consisted of 350 public high school students from four high schools in Kerman selected by random multistage cluster sampling method. To gather the data, the academic self-efficacy Scale (Jinks- Morgan, 1999), learning strategies scale (Kember et al., 2004), and the test anxiety scale (Friedman-Jacob, 1997) were used. Results: Path analysis results showed that Academic self-efficacy had both direct (=−.20), and indirect effects, mediated by Deep and Surface strategies (=−.08). Deep learning strategy was the strongest predictor, with a direct effect value of -0.32. The explanatory power of the predictors on test anxiety was medium (R2= 0.36). Conclusion: According to the results, the learning strategies (deep) and academic self-efficacy had a significant effect on students' test anxiety. Therefore, strengthening of this individual feature in students can lead to the better performance of students in the exam situation by decreasing test anxiety.
۳.

Effectiveness of Neuro-Verbal Planning on Test Anxiety and Self-efficacy in Students(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory, Volume ۱, Issue ۳, Autumn ۲۰۱۸ 39 - 45

کلیدواژه‌ها: Neurological Planning test anxiety Self-Efficacy

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Object: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neuro-verbal programming on test anxiety and self-efficacy in secondary school students in Diwandareh city. Method: The present study was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with control group. The sample consisted of 30 students who were selected from among students with anxiety tests based on structured interviews and the implementation of the Sarahson Anxiety Inventory (1957) and were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of neurological planning and the control group did not receive any experimental intervention. Anxiety Inventory Questionnaire of Sarason (1957) and Social Self-efficacy Scale (Smith and Betz, 2000) were used as pretest and posttest on participants. Results: One-way covariance analysis showed that therapeutic interventions were effective in reducing the test anxiety in the experimental group (P<0.01), but did not affect the self-efficacy of individuals (P<0.05). Conclusion: In general, the results indicate that counseling and psychotherapy specialists can apply the verbal neural program approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders.
۴.

Home Cultural Attachment and Self-regulated Strategies among Iranian EFL learners(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies,Vol ۱۰, No. ۱, ۲۰۱۸ 125 - 144

کلیدواژه‌ها: self-regulation Self-Efficacy home cultural attachment EFL Learners

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The present study aims to investigate the probable relationship between self-regulated strategies and home cultural attachment among Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. To achieve the purpose of this study, 90 EFL upper intermediate and advanced levels students (both male and female) were selected according to convenience sampling from different language institutes in Mashhad, Iran. They were asked to complete the 'Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire' and the 'Home Cultural Attachment Scale'. In order to achieve anonymity, each participant was also given a written consent form which elaborated the confidentiality of the obtained data. The findings based on correlation, demonstrate the theoretical expectation of a link between self-regulation and home cultural attachment. In addition, the result of the findings indicated that among the components of self-regulated strategies, 'self-regulation' and 'self-efficacy' have the highest correlations with students' home cultural attachment. Subsequent data from step-wise regression showed that among sub-components of self-regulation, regulation is the best predictor of learners' home cultural attachment. The implications of the research are further discussed with reference to earlier findings.
۵.

Iranian EFL Teachers’ Sources of Self-Efficacy in the Context of New English Curriculum: A Grounded Theory Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), Volume ۳۷, Issue ۱, Spring ۲۰۱۸ 37 - 72

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Teachers Self-Efficacy social cognitive theory teacher competence contextual factors grounded theory

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Teacher efficacy is an essential psychological variable which is linked to student achievement, motivation, and even student self-efficacy. Moreover, teachers' self-efficacy beliefs play an essential role in the context of reform initiatives by mediating any behavioral change. The relevant literature reports conflicting findings on the sources, however. Such being the case, the present study aimed at speculating on the sources of self-efficacy among Iranian EFL teachers who participated in this study. To this aim, individual interviews were conducted with 18 English language teachers teaching in middle schools up to the point when data saturation was achieved. Moreover, the participating teachers were asked to keep journals in order to keep a record of the significant experiences that captured their attention concerning their self-efficacy beliefs during one semester. The data were analyzed using grounded theory procedures in which open, axial, and selective coding were applied to extract the themes (Corbin & Strauss, 1990). The results of the study indicated that Bandura's (1997) four sources of self-efficacy information including mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, and physiological/emotional states played a crucial role in forming Iranian EFL teachers' efficacy beliefs. In addition to these sources, "teacher competence" and “contextual factors” appeared as two other influential factors affecting Iranian EFL teachers’ efficacy beliefs.
۶.

On the Relationship between Teacher Resilience and Self- efficacy: The Case of Iranian EFL Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۲۳, Spring & summer ۲۰۱۹ 277-292

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Teachers Self-Efficacy teacher resilience

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Teacher resilience, as a recent issue of concern, enables teachers to bounce back and thrive rather than just survived in the face of challenging circumstances. Although self-efficacy has been prompted to enhance resilience, there is little empirical research to investigate the relationship. To address this gap, the present study is an attempt to examine the connection between EFL teachers’ resilience and self-efficacy. In doing so, ninety-two EFL teachers completed Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) and resilience scale (RISC). The findings showed the positive impact of different dimensions of self-efficacy on resilience. The results of the correlational analysis indicated that all three self-efficacy subscales had a significant positive relationship with teachers’ resilience. The results of multiple regression also suggested that, save for classroom management, two other subscales of efficacy as efficacy for student engagement and efficacy for instructional strategies were the good predictors of teacher resilience. In line with these findings, some suggestions for further research are provided and pedagogical implications are proposed.
۷.

Types of Intelligences as Predictors of Self-Efficacy: A Study on Iranian EFL Students

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۳, Issue ۴ (۲۰۱۸) 12-26

کلیدواژه‌ها: Multiple Intelligences Self-Efficacy Academic self-efficacy self-regulated learnin

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Through the implementation of the multiple intelligences, teachers and practitioners will see an increase in their students’ performance and ability to learn languages. The application of multiple intelligences theory is suggested as a structured way to address and understand the holistic nature of learners’ diversity. It is a favorable tool for teachers to increase the attractiveness of language learning tasks and, therefore, create motivational conditions. Intelligence is not just a single construct which traditionally was assumed to be constant throughout a person’s life; individual’s profiles of intelligence differ in terms of encouragement, training, and circumstances to enquire materials eliciting particular intelligences. The present study was an attempt to investigate types of intelligences (linguistic, logical-mathematical, visual, kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, and intrapersonal) as predictors of self-efficacy (generalized self-efficacy, academic self- efficacy, and self-regulatory efficacy). The participants were 148 male and female Iranian B.A. students majoring in TEFL and Translation at the Islamic Azad University in Malayer. The instruments included a 100-item Michigan test, Gardner’s MI questionnaire, a 12-item general self-efficacy scale, an 8-item academic self-efficacy, and an 11-item self-efficacy for self-regulated learning. Data were analyzed through multiple regression analyses. Results indicated that musical and linguistic intelligences were predictors of general self-efficacy and spatial /visual intelligence made a significant contribution to predicting self-efficacy for self-regulated learning while academic self- efficacy could not be predicted by any of the intelligence types.
۸.

Possible Selves as Correlates of EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Students’ Achievement

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۴, Issue ۴ (۲۰۱۹) 13-26

کلیدواژه‌ها: possible selves development possible selves subcomponents Self-Efficacy EFL Teachers Students’ achievement

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The present study was intended to investigate possible relationships of the development of EFL teachers’ possible selves with teacher efficacy and students’ achievement. Eighty seven teachers were selected through convenience sampling from different Language Institutes participated in this study and filled in EFL teachers’ Possible Selves Development Questionnaire as well as Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES). The participants were also requested to specify the mean scores of the achievement tests they administered to their students in the previous terms. The results of data analyses indicated significant relationships of teachers’ possible selves development with their self-efficacy and students’ achievement. To investigate which components of possible selves might have more predictive power in predicting teacher’s self-efficacy and students’ achievement, the researchers employed regression analysis. The four subscales of possible selves – ideal, ought-to, actual, and feared selves- were found to be good predictors of teacher self-efficacy and only three subscales of possible selves including ideal, ought-to, and actual selves were strongly correlated with students’ achievement. The researchers concluded by suggesting that a sense of self-efficacy as well as a concern for students’ achievement as two main senses of selves should be incorporated into the possible selves of EFL teachers through implementing specific pre-service as well as in-service teacher education programs.
۹.

On the Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers' Quality of Work Life and Their Teaching Efficacy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies,Vol ۱۱, No. ۱, ۲۰۱۹ 1 - 24

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Teachers Quality of work life teaching efficacy Self-Efficacy

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The review of the literature indicates EFL teachers’ sense of efficacy has been influenced by cognitive and affective factors. Socio-economic factors may also influence EFL teachers’ sense of efficacy directly and their teaching effectiveness indirectly. One of the socioeconomic variables is the quality of work life (QWL). This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between EFL teachers’ quality of work life and their teaching efficacy.  Ninety High school English teachers from Sistan and Baluchestan were selected. The data of the study were collected through two adapted instruments and analyzed through Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis. The results of the study showed that Iranian EFL teachers perceived themselves as having a good level of teaching efficacy. The results also showed that there was a significant correlation between all dimensions of QWL and teachers’ teaching efficacy except for “adequate and fair compensation” is significant at a P value of 0.05, but only one dimension of QWL could predict teachers’ teaching efficacy. Therefore, it could be strongly argued that teachers’ QWL is not the only influential factor in teaching efficacy.
۱۰.

The Mediating Role of Critical Thinking in Relation to Higher Education Students' Meta-Cognition and Self-efficacy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Learning and Memory, Volume ۲, Issue ۷, Autumn ۲۰۱۹ 7 - 15

کلیدواژه‌ها: Critical thinking Higher education students meta-cognition Self-Efficacy

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This study aimed at scrutinizing the mediating role of critical thinking in relation to higher education students' metacognition and self-efficacy in Islamic Azad University, Nourabad Mamasani. Samples were collected through random sampling method and it was equal to 248. Instruments used in this study were three standard questionnaires including critical thinking, metacognition and self-efficacy. Cronbach's alpha was employed to estimate the instruments’ reliability, based on which critical thinking was found to be 0.88, metacognition 0.89 and self-efficacy 0.87.  Findings revealed that meta-cognition could significantly predict students' self-efficacy and critical thinking. Also, it was found that meta-cognition and critical thinking could significantly predict students’ self-efficacy. This study also showed that critical thinking had a mediating role in relation to students’ meta-cognition and self-efficacy. The dimensions of meta-cognition and critical thinking could significantly predict students’ self-efficacy.
۱۱.

Teacher Self-Efficacy and Reflection as Predictors of Teacher Burnout: An Investigation of Iranian English Language Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Issues in Language Teaching (ILT), Vol. ۸, No. ۲, ِDecember ۲۰۱۹ 25 - 50

کلیدواژه‌ها: English for teacher reflection Self-Efficacy EFL Teachers Burnout Structural Equation Modeling

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In modern education, teachers are regarded as a central and focal part of educational systems and are responsible in the development of education. It should be mentioned that teachers have an influential role in planning and offering an effective and significant educational program. The significant role of teacher-related variables in affecting teachers’ performance and learning outcomes of students has been widely acknowledged in various educational contexts. Therefore, the investigation of teacher variables has received research attention in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. To contribute to this line of research, the current study was set to investigate the role of teacher reflection and self-efficacy in predicting burnout among Iranian EFL teachers. To this end, three validated scales measuring these variables were administered to a number of 171 male and female teachers. As for the data analysis, Structural Equation Modeling was utilized to test the hypothesized model of the constructs. The results indicated that teacher reflection accounted for 12.1% of the variance, and teacher self-efficacy accounted for 25.2% of the variance in burnout. Although both variables had a unique effect on teaching burnout, teacher self-efficacy turned out to be a stronger predictor of burnout. Concerning the implications, teacher education programs may pay more serious attention to teacher self-efficacy and reflection as they proved to play a significant role in reducing teacher burnout.
۱۲.

Investigating the Relationship between Iranian Undergraduate TEFL Learners’ Self-regulation and Self-efficacy

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۵, Issue ۳ (۲۰۲۰) 12-23

کلیدواژه‌ها: academic goals psychological constructs self-regulation Self-Efficacy quantitative questionnaire

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The present empirical study investigated the relationship between Iranian undergraduate TEFL learners’ self-regulation and their self-efficacy. For this end, there have been a total number of 120 college students learning English as a foreign language who volunteered to complete the two quantitative questionnaires of self-regulation and self-efficacy respectively. The participants were informed of the anonymous nature of the data collection process in advance. They were also told that their responses would certainly be kept confidential and that they had the right to quit at any part of the survey. It took around 15–20 minutes for each respondent to complete the survey. In the meanwhile, some of the participants (around ten) also willingly answered the qualitative descriptive semi-structured questions of the interview, until that the interview responses were saturated. After the process of data collection, the findings were measured through correlation analysis, indicating that self-regulation and self-efficacy were jointly linked and had a directly positive relationship. Accordingly, it was revealed that the employment of these two highly associated psychological constructs could systematically guide and help learners to enhance their learning capabilities and lead them to ultimate desired learning goals. Ultimately, it was concluded from the findings of the current study that the delicate association between self-regulation and self-efficacy was really helpful for learners to lead them successfully to their academic goals.
۱۳.

Effects of CALL-Mediated TBLT on Self-Efficacy for Reading among Iranian University Non-English Major EFL Students

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۷, Issue ۲۶, Summer ۲۰۱۹ 85-101

کلیدواژه‌ها: task-based language teaching Computer-assisted language learning CALL-mediated TBLT Self-Efficacy Reading

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The rich and still expanding literature on TBLT is helping to mature both its theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation in foreign and second language education. Similarly, computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has grown as a field, with the use and integration of technology in the classroom continuing to increase and will continue to play an important role in this maturation process. The present study, hence, reports on an empirical study that investigated the effects of CALL-mediated TBLT on the perceived self- efficacy of Iranian university non-English major EFL students. Through non-probability and convenience sampling, two intact freshmen classes were chosen and randomly assigned as the experimental and the control group. During the treatment sessions, the students in the experimental group received instruction in a CALL-mediated TBLT format, while the control group received no CALL-mediated TBLT instruction but underwent only a task- based instruction on reading without the mediation of CALL. A univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was run, while controlling for pre-intervention scores as the covariate. A significant effect was found for CALL-mediated TBLT (F = 81.450, p = .000, partial eta squared =.504), suggesting CALL-mediated TBLT had a positive effect on the self-efficacy perceptions of the students in the experimental group .
۱۴.

Exploring EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy, Reflective Thinking, and Job Satisfaction: Structural Equation Modeling

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۸, Issue ۳۱, Summer ۲۰۲۰ 113-127

کلیدواژه‌ها: Job satisfaction reflective thinking Self-Efficacy Structural Equation Modeling

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The increasing call for learning English as a foreign language has dramatically heightened the necessity to recruit effective English teachers. This is mainly because teachers have a key role in the success or otherwise of an educational program. Nevertheless, a comprehensive review of the related literature confirms the paucity of research studies on teacher characteristics which can influence their job satisfaction. The present research set out to investigate the association among EFL teachers’ self-efficacy, reflective thinking, and job satisfaction. Two-hundred and twelve Iranian EFL teachers from language institutes, schools, and universities participated in the study. They were asked to answer Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale, Reflective Thinking Scale and The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, as the main data collection instruments. The questionnaires were presented in three different ways: social networks, email, and in person. Structural Equation Modeling was employed to examine the hypothesized model of relationships. This model was confirmed following the application of the modification indices proposed by the software (Normal chi-square = 3.6; RMSEA =.03; RMR =.02; GFI =.93; AGFI =.90; NFI =.92; CFI =.93; IFI =.93). The results revealed that there were significant internal correlations between all the latent variables and their sub-scales. Moreover, results of multiple regression analysis represented that self-efficacy and reflective thinking positively predicted job satisfaction, with self-efficacy exerting more predictive power compared to reflective thinking. Pedagogical implications of the findings have been discussed.
۱۵.

EFL Teachers’ Language Proficiency, Classroom Management, and Self-Efficacy

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۶, Issue ۲۲, Summer ۲۰۱۸ 89 - 102

کلیدواژه‌ها: ELT teacher variables language proficiency Self-Efficacy effective classroom management

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This study explored the relationship among EFL teachers’ self-efficacy, language proficiency, and classroom management. A total of 110 Iranian EFL teachers of different levels of high schools and private language schools in Tehran participated in this research. The data were collected through two questionnaires and one test: the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale and a sample TOEFL were administered in two different sessions while two sessions of each teacher’s class were observed by two raters who used the Murdoch(2000) checklist to score the effectiveness of each teacher’s teaching. To find out the relationship among the three variables of this study, that is the teachers’ self-efficacy, language proficiency, and classroom management, a Pearson correlation was carried out. The results revealed that teachers’ self-efficacy was correlated with their language proficiency and that language proficiency and effective classroom management were not correlated. The study provides useful insights into the need to help teachers develop their language proficiency that, in turn, has relevance for their self-efficacy.
۱۶.

Cultural Intelligence, Cultural Identity, Autonomy, Self-Efficacy and Second Language Achievement of Iranian EFL learners: A Path Analysis(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۷ , N. ۴ , ۲۰۱۸ 435 - 456

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cultural Intelligence Cultural Identity autonomy Self-Efficacy L2 Achievement

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This study was designed to explore the relation pattern of cultural intelligence, cultural identity, autonomy, and self-efficacy and second language achievement of Iranian EFL learners. The participants were 247 undergraduate students. Data were collected nationwide, from different parts of Iran; that is, from Kerman, south of Iran; Hamadan, west of Iran; Mashhad, east of Iran; and Gorgon, north of Iran. The participants' ages ranged from 18 to 26 and they were mostly juniors and seniors. They completed the following questionnaires: Cultural Intelligence Questionnaire (Ang, et al., 2007), Cultural Identity Clarity Scale (Usborne & Taylor, 2010), Learner Autonomy Questionnaire (Cotterall, 1995, 1999) and Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Pinitrich, Smith, Garcia & Mckeachie, 1991). The participants’ GPA of three general English courses were considered as their second language achievement. Responses from questionnaires were collected through convenience sampling. The design of the study is based on path analysis. After data collection, the hypothesized model was tested by AMOSE program. The results demonstrated that the variables under study could strongly predict EFL learners' L2 achievement. L2 achievement may largely depend on students’ cultural intelligence, cultural identity, autonomy and self-efficacy. Also, it was reported that autonomy was the strongest predictor of EFL learners’ L2 achievement.
۱۷.

Predicting Self-Efficacy According to Professional Ethics and Development(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Ethics and Society, Vol ۲, No ۴, (۲-۲۰۲۱) 28-37
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Background: The aim of this study was to predict self-efficacy based on professional ethics and development. Methodology: The research was descriptive-correlational with structural equation modeling in terms of method, and applied in purpose. The population included all Isfahan Province Farhangian Universitychr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s student teachers in the academic year 2019-2020, 150 of whom were randomly selected according to the Morgan-Krejcie table (1990). The research instruments were Martin’s teacher self-efficacy (2003), Gregorychr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s professional ethics (1990), and the New Jersey Institute of Professional Standards for Teachers’ professional development (2014) questionnaires, whose reliability according to the Cronbach test was 0.86. For data analysis, the descriptive statistics were analyzed in Spss26 and the structural equations were analyzed in Amos24. Results: Data analysis results showed a professional development and self-efficacy path coefficient of 0.54 and a professional ethics and self-efficacy path coefficient of 0.69 (P<0.05) About 0.76 of the criterion variablechr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s changes (self-efficacy) can be explained with the “professional development” and “professional ethics” independent variables. Conclusion: Therefore, professional ethics and development have a significant correlation with physical education teachers’ self-efficacy, and their professional ethics and development should receive more attention.
۱۸.

Positive Assessment: Iranian Pre-Intermediate EFL Learners' Speaking Skill and their Self-Efficacy

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۵, Issue ۴ (۲۰۲۰) 113-125

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL Learners positive assessment Self-Efficacy Speaking Skill

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The current study was conducted to discover the impact of the positive assessment on Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners speaking skill and their self-efficacy. To accomplish the research, 40 Iranian females (17 to 8 years old) were selected from Shokooh Andishe Language Institute in Mashhad. A KET test which administered to determine the participants’ level of proficiency. Then, they were divided into two groups, one control group and one experimental group (each included 20 participants). Two instruments, including KET speaking test and a self-efficacy questionnaire, were administrated to both groups as pretests. The experimental group received the treatment based on the principles of positive assessment i.e. using phrases such as very good, excellent, giving small gifts, using thrilling labels and so forth. At the end of the study, the same instruments (as post-tests) were conducted to collect the required data for the analysis. To measure the statistical differences between the means of two groups, some independent samples T-tests were calculated. The results of the analyses indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group both in the case of speaking skill and self-efficacy. The findings of this research might be useful for EFL teachers and EFL learners, also they can be helpful for training programmers, institutes, and course designers.
۱۹.

Impact of Online Setting Collaboration through Strategy-Based Instruction on EFL Learners’ Self-efficacy and Oral Skills

نویسنده:
منبع: Iinternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۹, Issue ۳۴, Spring ۲۰۲۱ (۱) 191 - 202

کلیدواژه‌ها: Oral skills web-based cooperative teaching online learning Self-Efficacy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۴
This study aimed to investigate the impact of web-based cooperative teaching through strategy-based instruction on EFL learners’ speaking and listening skills. Moreover, the use of cooperative teaching was hypothesized to have impact on the EFL learners’ self-efficacy. To this purpose, the study followed a mixed-methods design by implementing both qualitative and quantitative data gathering procedures through tests, questionnaire and interviews. The population of the study was made up of 48 EFL learners in a language institute in Kerman, a city in the south east of Iran. In order to collect data, four instruments were used: Cambridge Placement Test to homogenize the participants, pre- and post-listening and speaking tests, a questionnaire to estimate EFL learners’ self-efficacy and finally an interview. Based on the obtained results, it was revealed that the learners in the online group improved much more satisfactorily than those taught through traditional teaching procedures. It was, therefore, concluded that collaborative teaching strategies were effective in the web environment. Besides, meaningful relationships were observed between the use of the applied strategies and the oral skills. Furthermore, the results of the questionnaire clearly indicated the learners’ self-efficacy improvement from pre- to post-administration. Finally, the resulted obtained from the interview showed the positive effect of web-based cooperative and strategy teaching in the oral language class. In fact, majority of the learners in the online group clearly maintained that using collaboration in the web-environment could enhance their learning level. The findings of the study are of much help to language teachers who observe learning problems among their students. They can also assist learners who suffer from communicative difficulties in the situations where they have to collaborate with other groups and exchange ideas.
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Relationship Between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Their Burnout Level in Universities and Schools

نویسنده:
منبع: Iinternational Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۹, Issue ۳۵, Spring ۲۰۲۱ (۲) 25 - 38

کلیدواژه‌ها: Burnout EFL Teachers Self-Efficacy

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۵۶ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸۸
In every field of teaching and learning, there are some factors that have an important role in both teachers’ and students’ performance. Two of these effective psychological factors in the context of education include self-efficacy and burnout. This research was conducted to examine the statistical relationship between English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ self-efficacy and burnout levels in the universities and schools of Iran. The data collection instruments were two questionnaires, ‘Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale’ and ‘Maslach Burnout Inventory’. The participants included 152 randomly selected teachers working in universities and schools. After data collection, the SPSS software was applied to convert the obtained data into numerical and interpretable data. To quantify the statistical relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy and burnout levels, correlational analysis was used. Results indicated, there was negative correlation between teachers’ self efficacy and burnout levels. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between self-efficacy and burnout better, which indicated that teachers’ self efficacy was a negative predictor of their burnout.