Distress tolerance

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) on distress tolerance, pain perception, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all female patients with relapsing-remitting MS who had referred to Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Research Centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 20 patients were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into experimental (10 patients) and control groups (10 patients). The experimental group received the CBSM. Participants completed scales. To measure IL-12, the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: CBSM increased the distress tolerance and components of pain perception (perceived influence of important people and doing daily affairs) (p <0.001) and it decreased pain severity and IL-12. Also, these changes remained stable during follow-up. Conclusions: CBSM is an effective to influence on distress tolerance, pain perception, and IL-12 in MS patients.

Aim: The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 virus in March and April 2020, sparked an emotional state of anxiety among different groups of society. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological predictors of coronavirus anxiety in Iranian young adults. Method: The sample included 517 women and men who responded to four electronic questionnaires which posted on the researchers' Instagram pages between March 11th and 28th 2020. The e-questionnaires included the Corona Anxiety Inventory, the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), Revised Health Hardiness (RHHI-24) and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II). Results: Data was analyzed by using multi regression method in SPSS -24. The results of regression analysis showed that tolerating emotional distress, health hardiness, and a lifestyle that promotes health can significantly predict the anxiety caused by the coronavirus pandemic. In addition, it turned out that women experience more coronavirus anxiety than their male counterparts. Discussion & Conclusion: It can be concluded that psychological variables in stressful and ambiguous situations can determine the levels of anxiety that individuals experience. Implications for these results and limitations of the present study have been discussed.

This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of family emotional atmosphere on the association between communication patterns and distress tolerance in married women. The study employed a correlational design and utilized path analysis. The research sample comprised 217 married women residing in Tehran in the year 1400, who were selected using convenience sampling methodology. The research instruments included the Couple's Communication Patterns, the Family Emotional Atmosphere, and Distress Tolerance. The results of the path analysis revealed a statistically significant association between communication patterns and distress tolerance, with the emotional atmosphere of the family serving as a mediator in this relationship. The mediating role of family emotional atmosphere is found to be significant in the relationship between non-reciprocal constructive relationship and distress tolerance (P=0.22, β=0.001) and the relationship between mutual avoidance and distress tolerance (P=0.001, β=-0.19). The research findings suggest an idea for implementing an intervention targeting contributing and causal factors, specifically communication patterns and the emotional atmosphere within families, which impact the distress tolerance of married women.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of object relations in predicting emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality.Methods: The research method was quantitative, applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all 257 couples which formally married in the first three months of 2022 in Ardabil. The non-random available sampling method was used due to the limitations of the corona pandemic. The sample size was 110 couples, including 110 males and 110 females. Bell Object Relationships Inventory (1995), King & Ammons Emotional Expression Questionnaire (1990), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and Basby Marital Quality Questionnaire (1995) were used for data collection. In the descriptive part, we used the central and dispersion indices. Also, in the inferential part, multiple regression was used.  The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The results of this study showed there is a significant negative relationship between social incompetence with emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality (p<0.01), and a significant negative relationship between egocentricity with emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality (p<0.01). Also, there is a significant negative relationship between insecure attachment with emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality (p<0.01) and finally there is a significant negative relationship between alienation with emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality (p<0.01).Conclusion: Considering the results, couple therapy based on object relations can be used to improve emotional expression, distress tolerance and marital quality of couples.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance in divorced women. Methods: The study population consisted of all divorced women in Damghan City in 2020, from which 30 individuals were randomly selected and assigned to the control and experimental groups (15 individuals in each group). The Distress Tolerance Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and Positive Psychotherapy Protocol were used to collect the data, and the ANCOVA test was used to analyze the data. The ANCOVA results showed that the intervention group obtained significantly higher scores in cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance than the control group (p<0.01). Results: According to the findings, cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance significantly increased in the experimental group. According to the findings of the present study, positive psychotherapy and improvement of psychological components such as psychological flexibility and distress tolerance can play an important role in improving the mental health of divorced women. Conclusion: By focusing on talents and abilities, a positive therapeutic approach can use the potential capacities of people in order to improve psychological problems to a significant extent.