درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The current research was conducted with the aim of validating the structural model of open data governance in line with the health of the administrative system in e-government in government organizations. Method: This research, with a practical purpose, was based on a descriptive survey implementation method. The statistical population of the research included the managers of the country's tax affairs organization and several university professors, all of whom (18 person) were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire, and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and Smart PLS software were used for data analysis. Findings: The results of the research show that the structural model of open data governance in the direction of administrative health in e-government at governmental organizations includes six components: platforms (with the dimensions of intra-organizational platforms and external platforms), strategies (with the dimensions of common strategies—internal and external—, intra-organizational strategies, and extra-organizational strategies), intervening conditions (with common dimensions—internal and external), causal category (with dimensions of internal-external organizational factors, individual and social factors), central category, and consequences (with common dimensions—internal and external). Conclusion: Intra-organizational and extra-organizational platforms have a positive and significant effect on common strategies. The strategies of this research have a positive and significant effect on the results. The impact of intervening conditions on the central category is positive and significant. The effect of the causal category of this research, including individual factors and social factors, on the central category, is negative and significant because the regression coefficient has become negative. The impact of the central category on strategies has become negative, but this impact is not significant.

Introduction: Within marketing literature, a widely accepted notion indicates that strategies in marketing significantly differ between business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) models. This study thoroughly investigates brand loyalty, examining the nuanced differences in methodologies for building brand loyalty specifically within B2B frameworks, aiming to develop a model tailored for B2B enterprises. Methodology: The research utilizes a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach. The initial qualitative phase involves systematic reviews and meta-synthesis to identify factors influencing brand loyalty. The subsequent quantitative phase employs techniques such as structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the impact of various factors on brand loyalty across different business models. Finally, interviews are conducted to gain insights into tailored strategies that enhance loyalty in B2B contexts. Data for the literature review will come from reputable domestic channels, including academic portals, alongside foreign databases like Scopus and Web of Science. The second phase will gather information from diverse companies in the insurance industry, utilizing convenience sampling for analysis. The third phase targets business experts in B2B settings, selected through purposive judgment sampling to ensure relevant insights are gained. Findings: The initial phase reveals ten critical factors that contribute to brand loyalty in B2B markets. These factors encompass customer satisfaction, perceived value, switching costs, trust, perceived quality, personalized interactions, perceived support, brand image, and commitment. Analysis indicates significant differences in factors influencing brand loyalty between B2B and B2C models. The study concludes with a collection of tailored strategies essential for fostering customer loyalty in B2B operations, including developing strategic frameworks and adopting stringent quality standards. Conclusion: This research expands the understanding of loyalty-building strategies across diverse business models, offering insights that enhance the existing body of knowledge. By proposing a specialized loyalty model for the insurance industry, the study equips practitioners with practical tools to improve operational efficiency and competitive advantage.

Spiritual experiences are essential to individual well-being, offering profound emotional, psychological, and religious benefits. Pilgrimage sites, especially sacred spaces, provide a unique environment for pilgrims to experience personal renewal and spiritual transformation. This study investigates the spiritual experiences of young pilgrims at the Razavi Holy Shrine in Mashhad, Iran, a key pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims. Using an exploratory-descriptive qualitative approach and thematic analysis, the research identifies three main themes: Spiritual Well-being, Connectedness, and Consciousness, each with several subthemes. Spiritual Well-being encompasses positive emotions, energy, happiness, purification, and peace and tranquility, emphasizing the emotional uplift and inner peace experienced by pilgrims. Connectedness includes pilgrims’ connection with God, expressing needs and seeking divine favor, receiving blessings and assistance, and fostering ties with religion and holy leaders. This highlights the shrine’s role in deepening spiritual bonds and providing divine support. Consciousness involves experiences of detachment from routine life, timelessness, self-reflection, and religious awareness, illustrating how the pilgrimage fosters introspection and spiritual enlightenment. These findings contribute to the understanding of religious pilgrimage and spiritual transformation, offering valuable insights for scholars, policymakers, and pilgrimage site administrators. Recognizing the dimensions of spiritual experiences can enhance spiritual tourism and guide future research on spiritual psychology and the transformative power of sacred spaces.