درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The development of tourism in today's world can have various impacts, including economic, social and cultural impacts on the local community. Therefore, understanding residents' attitudes towards tourists is a key element in managing sustainable tourism. This study was conducted to find views, emotions and behaviors of Sanandaj residents towards tourists and how these views influence their behaviors. For this purpose, questionnaires containing scales on stereotypes, emotions and behaviors of residents towards tourists based on Tse and Tung's conceptual model were distributed among 400 residents of Sanandaj in November 2024 using convenience sampling. This research is applied and follows a quantitative approach, with data collected in a survey format. For analyzing the data, T-test, Regression, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis Tests were used. The results indicate that while residents hold positive feelings and attitudes towards tourists, such as being "friendly" and "sincere", there are also negative concerns, such as being "immoral" and "rude", which may stem from increased traffic and disruptions in daily life. Furthermore, regression analysis shows that the components of "immoral" and "uncivilized" have a significant effect on reluctance to assist tourists. Individuals with higher education and men tend to be more inclined towards positive interactions with tourists. The research findings can assist in managing host-tourist relationships and designing spaces for better interaction between them.

This study aims to identify and rank the competitive advantages of hospital hotels in Islamic countries, with a focus on an Iranian case study. Given the unique needs and cultural context of Islamic nations, the research investigates the key factors that contribute to the success of hospital hotels, including elements such as treatment measures, family hospitality, halal nutrition, and worship arrangements. The primary methodology used is the DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method, which is a pairwise comparison-based decision-making tool that effectively identifies relationships and hierarchies among system elements. Expert judgment from hospital hotel managers, employees, and Ministry of Health officials was employed to construct a Direct Influence Matrix, which was then normalized to assess both direct and indirect influences among the identified criteria. The results reveal that "Treatment Measures" and "Family Hospitality" are the most influential factors, acting as key drivers in enhancing overall service quality. Conversely, "Halal Financing" and "Worship Arrangements" were found to be the most dependent factors, influenced by the other elements in the system. Additionally, criteria such as "Patient Relationships" and "Halal Nutrition" exhibited high levels of prominence, indicating their central role in the competitive advantage of hospital hotels. The study concludes that focusing on improving core criteria like treatment measures and family hospitality will enhance the competitive position of hospital hotels in Islamic countries. These findings provide actionable insights for hospital hotel management and policymakers seeking to enhance service quality and cultural alignment in healthcare settings.

Wellness tourism represents the intersection of a powerful lifestyle trend and a growing global industry. The purpose of this study is to design a pattern of wellness tourism with socio-cultural approach to improve the tourist’s health in (Baraghan Alborz village). In order to conduct the research, a Mixed Method has been used. The statistical population includes experts in the fields of tourism, health tourism, spiritual health, psychoanalysts and psychologists (qualitative part) and in the quantitative part, tourists of Baraghan Alborz village   period of July to August 2024 are considered. The size of the sample was determined in the qualitative method by the logical method of theoretical and judgmental sampling and until the theoretical saturation was reached, a total of 12 people, and in the quantitative part, 384 tourists (n = 384) were serveyed. For sampling, random sampling method was used. In the qualitative section using semi-structured interviews and Qualitative data coding was done in order to identify the components of wellness tourism in improving the health of tourists in Baraghan Alborz village, by theme analysis method. The questionnaire data were analyzed using factor analysis techniques with SPSS 26 software to assess the impact of the identified components. The findings indicate that the model of wellness tourism in improving the health of tourists, consists of 11 sub-themes, quality management of the wellness tourism destination, the necessity of linking science with wellness tourism, nature, physical dimension, mental dimension, social dimension and spiritual dimension, professional and expert team work, training and empowerment, nostalgia and memory-making, the characteristics of the unique wellness tourism model. Additionally, 7 main categories including destination management, the necessity of linking science with wellness tourism, nature, physical dimension, mental dimension, social dimension and spiritual dimension, which have the greatest impact in improving  the health of tourists in Baraghan village,has been achieved.The development of wellness tourism, while introducing Baraghan as a wellness tourism destination ,not only helps to improve the health of the community and tourists (which is one of the basic pillars of a healthy society), but also can create a sustainable livelihood for local communities and is focused on the support  and protection of natural, cultural and historical resources. By increasing the participation of local people in related activities and businesses, while expanding employment, it brought countless economic benefits to the tourist destination and ultimately country.

Trust is a cornerstone of human interaction, underpinning cooperation and participation and functioning as an essential element in the fabric of social life. It facilitates broader collaboration and interaction across diverse social dimensions. In the context of religious tourism, where individuals travel for pilgrimage and spiritual enrichment, trust plays a significant role in fostering intercultural communication and mutual understanding. This article investigates the correlation between the expansion of religious tourism and social trust, specifically focusing on the city of Shiraz, a prominent destination for religious tourists. Employing an applied and descriptive-analytical research approach, the study utilizes both field and library research methods. The target population comprises religious tourists visiting Shiraz. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, with Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.7 for all variables, confirming the reliability of the research instrument. The study's findings indicate that a substantial majority (90%) of religious tourists exhibit a moderate to high level of social trust, with an even greater proportion (94%) expressing a moderate to high inclination to revisit Shiraz. Furthermore, a direct and significant correlation exists between social trust and revisit intention. Statistical analysis suggests that approximately 38% of the variance in revisit intention can be attributed to elevated levels of social trust. Social trust plays multifaceted roles in social and economic spheres, contributing to tourist attraction, community education, promotional program diversification, and the presentation of cultural, religious, and architectural heritage. The research underscores that heightened social trust has a direct, positive impact on tourists' willingness to return to religious sites in Shiraz. This research is innovative in addressing the role of social trust in attracting religious tourists, an area that has received limited scholarly attention. The study's findings can serve as a foundation for future investigations into the intersection of religious tourism and social dynamics, particularly the role of social factors in the industry's development.

In a complex geopolitical context, Iran utilizes its rich spiritual and cultural heritage as a fundamental element of its tourism strategy to convey a sophisticated national identity. This research utilizes a qualitative thematic analysis based on Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework, analyzing official promotional materials, academic literature, and content generated by tourists to reveal the prevailing narratives that influence Iran's destination image. The analysis identifies a complex identity systematically built upon four narrative foundations: (1) sacred pilgrimage, which includes Shia, Sufi, and Zoroastrian spiritual journeys; (2) the grandeur of ancient empires, highlighting Achaemenid glory and Silk Road resilience; (3) the artistic soul of prominent cultural cities, notably Isfahan and Shiraz; and (4) the lived experiential aspect of deep hospitality, represented by the practice of Taarof. A key finding is the intentional balancing of Iran's pre-Islamic Persian heritage with its modern Islamic identity, resulting in a unified narrative of a persistent and resilient civilization. These narratives function as critical tools of "soft power," enabling Iran to actively counter singular, often negative, international perceptions. This study presents a framework for analyzing the use of narrative in navigating a contested geopolitical landscape and identifies a critical vulnerability: the strategy's reliance on the preservation of fragile heritage assets. This research offers significant insights for scholars and practitioners, highlighting essential aspects of destination marketing and cultural diplomacy. It illustrates the complex interactions among heritage, spirituality, tourism, and geopolitics in a nation seeking to reshape its global image.