از فیلم تا پایداری: پژوهشی درباره چالش های گردشگری فیلم
آرشیو
چکیده
گردشگری فیلم یکی از روش هایی است که امروزه برای توسعه گردشگری مرسوم شده است. گردشگری فیلم پدیده ای است که به کمک رسانه های تصویری مردم را به سفر ترغیب می نماید و در ذهن آنان تصویر و داستانی جدید از مقصد خلق می نماید، اما این روش مانند سایر روش های گردشگری مانند یک شمشیر دولبه می ماند که درصورت عدم توجه به اثرات منفی باعث شکل نگرفتن توسعه پایدار گردشگری در مقصد خواهد شد. هدف این پژوهش اولویت بندی اثرات منفی گردشگری فیلم به روش فریدمن با توجه به نظر ساکنان جامعه می باشد. این پژوهش با بررسی نظر 2070 نفر از ساکنان دو شهرستان لنگرود و لاهیجان، به این نتیجه دست می یابد که اثرات منفی زیست محیطی بیشترین نگرانی را برای ساکنان به وجود می آورد. این نگرانی ها شامل ازدحام و شلوغی است که گردشگران فیلم در مقاصد ایجاد خواهند نمود. علاوه بر این، توجه به توسعه متوازن ثروت توسعه گردشگری فیلم، خواست مردم ساکن این مناطق است. این مطالعه نیاز حیاتی سیاست گذاران و مدیران گردشگری را به در نظر گرفتن دیدگاه های ساکنان محلی هنگام برنامه ریزی و توسعه استراتژی های گردشگری فیلم برجسته می کند. با همسویی توسعه گردشگری با خواسته ها و دغدغه های جامعه محلی، توسعه پایدار دست یافتنی تر و موثرتر می شود. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که برای این که گردشگری فیلم یک نیروی مثبت باشد، باید به گونه ای مدیریت شود که آسیب های زیست محیطی را به حداقل برساند و رشد اقتصادی عادلانه را ارتقا بخشد.From Set to Sustainability: Navigating the Challenges of Film Tourism
Introduction Film tourism is a rapidly growing area of research. However, most studies have focused on the impact of films on tourists, with less emphasis placed on to the effects of film tourism on local communities and residents' perspectives. Like other forms of tourism, film tourism can yield both positive and negative consequences for residents. Positive effects include stimulating tourism, generating economic benefits for the region, raising awareness of the destination, creating new attractions, improving or establishing a favorable image of the destination, and generating jobs in the area. conversely, the negative effects of film tourism encompass overcrowding, the creation of unrealistic image of destinations, the commodification of culture, damage to natural resources, the transient nature of economic benefits, over-tourism, and a lack of public participation in tourism development processes. While numerous studies have examined the positive effects of film tourism, the negative impacts have received comparatively less attention.Methodology To address the research question, a quantitative approach was employed in this study. The research involved distributing structured questionnaires among residents of Langroud and Lahijan from April 7 to June 21. Three researchers assisted in the distribution by, randomly selecting every tenth house to receive a questionnaire. Respondents were asked to complete the questionnaire in front of their homes, with a researcher present to answer any questions. A total of 2,070 completed questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items, including six demographic questions and additional questions related to negative social impacts (six items, adapted from Meimand et al., 2017), negative economic impacts (three items, adapted from Alrwajfah et al., 2019), and negative environmental impacts (six items, adapted from Adongo et al., 2017). The questions were translated into Farsi using a one-way translation technique (McGorry, 2000) for its cost-effectiveness and quick turnaround. The questions were designed using a five-point Likert scale.ResultsTo assess the validity of the constructs, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. This method evaluates the model’s fit against empirical or simulated data. Due to the large dataset, the Chi-square test was not used. As illustrated in Table 2 and Figure 1, all factor loadings exceeded 0.3 and were statistically significant. According to Hair et al. (2009), the model fit indices presented in Table 3 indicate a good fit. Furthermore, the correlation coefficients among the constructs were below 0.9, which further supports the model's adequacy. The reliability and validity of the data, as shown in Table 2, were also deemed satisfactory. This method is used to prioritize multiple samples without considering distribution type. In this study, it was employed to evaluate the significance of each factor to residents by analyzing their responses.The hypothesis that economic, cultural, and environmental impacts hold equal important to the community was rejected, indicating that residents prioritize these factors differently. Environmental issues were identified as the most significant concern residents. Similarly, the hypothesis asserting that social impacts are equally important was also rejected, with economic concerns- particularly property prices- emerging as the most critical factor, additionally, the hypothesis regarding the equal importance of negative environmental impacts was rejected, as residents expressed the most concern over overcrowding.Discussion and Conclusion This study explored the importance of negative impacts of film tourism on local residents. While previous research has acknowledged these adverse effects, none have prioritized which impacts are most critical to residents. Our findings revealed that environmental issues are of paramount concern for residents in these counties studied. Social issues, particularly the growing social gap, are also significant, alongside economic concerns related to rising property prices. Within the environmental context, overcrowding caused by tourists emerged as the primary concern. By highlighting the importance of these negative factors, our research contributes to the existing literature on tourism, addressing a notable gap in the research. Additionally, the findings can be applied to the broader context of sustainable tourism development.Despite offering valuable insights into residents' concerns about film tourism, our study has several limitations. First, because our research was not exploratory, we may have overlooked many potential issues related to film. Second, we did not distinguish between tourism-related and non-tourism-related occupations, which could have yielded deeper insights. Third, the sample was restricted to two counties and conducted over a short period.Therefore, further research is needed in this area. First, we recommend conducting an exploratory study on the positive and negative impacts of film tourism. Second, future studies should cover a broader geographical scope to facilitate cross-national analysis and to understand how different cultures influence the prioritization of various concerns.Funding There is no funding support.Authors’ Contribution The authors' contributions are equal.Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.Acknowledgments We extend our gratitude to all the scientific consultants who contributed to this paper.
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