فیلترهای جستجو:
فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱٬۲۶۱ تا ۱٬۲۸۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۵۱۵ مورد.
منبع:
زبان پژوهی سال پانزدهم بهار ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۴۶
149 - 186
حوزههای تخصصی:
پژوهش حاضر به بررسی شباهت ها و تفاوت های واژگانی ترکی رایج در آبادی های ترکی زبانِ شهرستان ارزوئیه در استان کرمان و ترکی آذری گونه تبریزی پرداخته است. پیکره پژوهش از داده های موجود در نرم افزار اطلس ملی زبانی ایران اقتباس شده است؛ اطلس زبانی ایران که در پژوهشگاه میراث فرهنگی و گردشگری در حال تدوین است. این داده ها، به وسیله پرسشنامه ای مشتمل بر 105 واژه و پاره گفته و 36 جمله به روش مصاحبه رودرو از گویشوران ترکی زبان ساکن در آبادی های ترک زبان شهرستان ارزوئیه در استان کرمان گردآوری شده اند. پیکره این پژوهش شامل 860 واژه است. داده ها بر اساس مبنای نظری پژوهش، توصیف و تحلیل شده و با واژه های ترکی آذری گونه تبریزی مقایسه شده اند. مبنای مقایسه برای ترکی آذری، شمّ زبانی نگارنده و فرهنگ های ترکی است. ترکی رایج در شهرستان ارزوئیه استان کرمان، از جنبه واژگانی، شباهت های بسیاری با ترکی آذری گونه تبریزی دارد. تفاوت های واژگانی بین این دو گونه ترکی ناشی از معادل هایی است که گویشوران تحت تأثیر زبان فارسی محلی رایج در آن منطقه در گویش خود به کار می برند. به سبب آنکه هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی شباهت های واژگانی بین این دو گونه ترکی است، تفاوت های آوایی در این معادل های واژگانی، نادیده انگاشته می شوند. به طور کلی، شباهت های بسیار زیادِ معادل های واژگانی در زبان ترکی رایج در آبادی های ترکی زبانِ شهرستان ارزوئیه استان کرمان با معادل های زبان ترکی آذری گونه تبریزی، نشان می دهد که ترکیِ رایج در منطقه مورد بررسی، همانند ترکی آذری گونه تبریزی از شاخه اوغوز در خانواده زبان های ترکی تبار است.
Multidimensional IRT Analysis of Reading Comprehension in English as a Foreign Language(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Unidimensionality is an important assumption of measurement but it is violated very often. Most of the time, tests are deliberately constructed to be multidimensional to cover all aspects of the intended construct. In such situations, the application of unidimensional item response theory (IRT) models is not justified due to poor model fit and misleading results. Multidimensional IRT (MIRT) models can handle several dimensions simultaneously and yield person ability parameters on several dimensions which is helpful for diagnostic purposes too. Furthermore, MIRT models use the correlation between the dimensions to enhance the precision of the measurement. In this study a reading comprehension test is modelled with the multidimensional Rasch model. The findings showed that a correlated 2-dimensional model has the best fit to the data. The bifactor model revealed some interesting information about the structure of reading comprehension and the reading curriculum. Implications of the study for the testing and teaching of reading comprehension are discussed.
تنوع ساخت فعل در گونه های فارسی کابلی، هروی و هزارگی افغانستان(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
پژوهش های مقایسه ای در زمینه زبان ها و گویش های ایرانی به دلیل «پیکره بنیاد» بودن آن، به گونه مقبولی در ایران صورت نگرفته و این موضوع انجام مطالعات تطبیقی بین گونه های معتبر زبان فارسی را دشوار می سازد. به جهت فقدان نهادهای نظارتی و حمایتی در مورد فارسی دری در افغانستان و نیز وجود جنگ های فرسایشی و همچنین مهاجرت های گسترده، به جایگاه زبان فارسی در آن سرزمین عنایت کافی مبذول نشده است. در غیاب چنین توجهی در آن کشور همسایه و مسلمان که پیوندهای عمیق فرهنگی با ایران دارد، ضروری می نماید تا زمینه مطالعات گویشی در مورد فارسی دری در دانشگاه های ایران تقویت شود. این پژوهش از نتایج یک تحقیق میدانی در زمینه بررسی تطبیقی گویش های مرزی ایران است. برای مزید اطمینان، آثاری که به بررسی گویش های فارسی افغانستان پرداخته، مورد بازبینی قرار گرفته اند. به علاوه پژوهشگر برای امکان مقایسه تنوعات ساخت فعل در گویش های کابلی، هروی و هزارگی از طریق مصاحبه و همچنین مشاهده مستقیم، داده های مورد نیاز را استخراج و ثبت کرده است. تعداد گویشوران در هر کدام از گویش های مورد نظر 5 نفر از دانشجویان افغانستانی واحد بین الملل دانشگاه بیرجند با میانگین سن 30 سال در 2 گونه جنسیتی است. نتایج پژوهش حاضر حاکی از شباهت نسبی الگوی رده شناختی حاکم بر گویش های کابلی، هروی و کابلی با فارسی معیار و به ویژه گویش های مرزی خراسان در حوزه هایی چون زمان های فعل، ساخت های امر و نفی، مجهول و انواع سببی است. گویش هزارگی نسبت به گویش های فارسی هروی و کابلی از تفاوت های واژگانی و دستوری قابل توجهی با فارسی معیار در ایران برخوردار است.
The Relationship between Translators’ Education and the Use of Politeness in Translating Euphemistic Words(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
In a world with globalization and communication development as its main features, arriving at a common understanding and correct transition of meaning is an unavoidable necessity. Here the responsibility and duty of the people who hold the task of translation is of great importance and one of the issues that should be considered in translation is using euphemism. The current research seeks to find the relationship between translators’ gender, education, and age and their use of euphemisms in translation. The study consists of four hypotheses, this is descriptive research and a questionnaire is used to find the relationship between translators’ gender, education, age, and their use of euphemisms in translation. It has been distributed among the research population which consists of translators who are members of the Iran Translation Association. The results show that euphemism exists at a suitable level in the translation of the translators who are members of the Iran Translation Association. Moreover, the translators’ gender affects their use of euphemisms in translation. There is a direct relationship between translators’ age and their use of euphemisms in translation. Finally, the translators’ level of education does not influence their use of euphemisms in translation.
Aptitude-Treatment Interaction Effects on EFL Learners’ Gains in Implicit Grammar Knowledge(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The area of Individual Differences (IDs) and their interactions with instructional conditions have recently been a point of interest in second language acquisition. However, the effect of such interaction on aural implicit grammar knowledge has not been researched exhaustively. This study thus examined the interactive effects of aptitude and treatment conditions on implicit grammar knowledge as elicited aurally. Grammar knowledge was operationalized as the ability to comprehend past/present simple passive verbs. To this end, 120 EFL learners were randomly assigned to four groups: three teacher-generated experimental (Isolated Form-Focused Instruction, henceforth FFI, Integrated FFI, and Incidental) conditions, each lasting for six treatment sessions, and a control group receiving the same content with no instruction. Initially, learners took a pre-test and cognitive tests (LLAMA-D, LLAMA-F, and LSPAN). They then received the treatments, and three days after the treatments, they took an Aural Timed Grammaticality Judgment Test as a measure of implicit grammar knowledge. Results of a general linear model revealed a significant effect for treatment. Additionally, LSPAN was found to mediate the effectiveness of instruction, with the highest effect on implicit grammar knowledge under the Isolated FFI condition. Post-hoc analyses also demonstrated that instruction made a significant difference compared with no instruction, though, in comparison with other conditions, Integrated FFI proved to be more effective. Results provide EFL teachers and curriculum developers with awareness concerning the interaction between instruction and cognitive differences. For improving the effectiveness of instruction and acquiring implicit knowledge, cognitive tasks, especially those boosting working memory, are suggested.
The Impact of a Teacher Education Course on Iranian EFL Pre-service Teachers' Pedagogical Beliefs(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
منبع:
Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۲ , N. ۳ , ۲۰۲۳
87 - 110
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study investigated the impact of a teacher education course on pre-service teachers’ pedagogical beliefs. A sample of 84 Iranian EFL pre-service teachers who had just been accepted to Farhangian University were selected through convenience sampling. Using a sequential mixed-methods design, their pedagogical beliefs were measured through a researcher-made questionnaire before and after a training course on the philosophy of education for English language teachers. Moreover, the changes reported by the participants were traced through thematic analysis of their reflective journals. Finally, in a focus group interview, they commented on the contributing factors to the success of the course in changing their pedagogical beliefs. The results of quantitative data demonstrated the impact of the training course on changing the participants’ pedagogical beliefs. The analysis of qualitative data obtained from the reflective journals indicated that the changes that the participants professed were of two emerging themes of raising awareness of new assumptions and adopting new pedagogical beliefs. In addition, the analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that the participants attributed the course success to the implementation of appropriate teaching strategies, the course contents, and the teacher educator’s performance. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that EFL pre-service teachers’ pedagogical beliefs can be modified in training courses of teacher education programs if a safe and collaborative atmosphere is created for them to critically reflect on their prior pedagogical beliefs within innovative theoretical frameworks.
Designing Online English Academic Program at Private Universities in Bangladesh: Issues and Challenges
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study is an attempt to determine problems and prospects associated with designing a fully online English program at private universities in Bangladesh and it reflects the experiences of faculty members and students who have participated in fully online semesters in private universities. It acknowledges that online education is no more a fantasy that receives criticisms at the beginning rather it is becoming a part of equal learning opportunity in global education where learners can carry out the desire for knowledge from any corner of the world. This paper aims at analyzing important factors and potential challenges regarding online English academic program in private university context in Bangladesh as the online academic program is becoming part of higher education around the world and COVID-19 has transformed all English programs into virtual classrooms and Bangladeshi private universities are performing the pioneering role in online education at this time of the pandemic. This study considers that traditional teaching-learning habits are challenging for online learning acculturation of learners in Bangladesh and it attempts to explore cultural contexts of online learning. It addresses the concept of research-based approaches that are required for an effective and quality e-learning environment which can be rightfully compared to face-to-face learning. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are followed for conducting this research and secondary data collection sources are also used to determine the impact of the teacherless classrooms in different settings. It represents data collected from 145 students and 20 teachers at five private universities in Bangladesh through questionnaire, interview, and focus group discussion. It reveals that online programs have many challenges but proper research based-policy and need-based programs can bring futuristic changes in higher education. Based on findings from collected data, some practical and pedagogical recommendations are discussed and some proposals are included for future research.
Examining the Impact of Implementing Nicenet on Teaching Grammar Structures to Develop Writing skill among Iranian EFL Intermediate Learners
حوزههای تخصصی:
It is possible that technology possesses a unique place in language teaching and learning. Research on CALL in the Iranian L2 context is rather scarce. This research intends to explore the impact of administering Nicenet as one of the virtual learning environments (VLE)'s on linguistic use and grammar instruction in writing. The design of the research was quasi-experimental method having a pre-test and a post-test. The subjects were chosen through the convenience sampling strategy and were assigned randomly into experimental and control groups (female = 21, male = 21) and control (female = 21, male = 21). The independent variable in this research was the teaching linguistic use (grammar) through Nicenet. The dependent variable was the participants’ linguistic use (grammar) as reflected by the writing test. The participants were chosen concerning their performance on the Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and were homogenized accordingly. The outcome of inferential statistical tests, ran through Mann-Whitney, depicted that there was a statistically significant variation between the accomplishments mean scores of the learners of the experimental group who learned the grammar through computer and the control group who studied the same syntactic item utilizing the traditional strategy. The results also showed that the accomplishment in the post-test for both the experimental and control groups is related to the treatment. The results depicted that computer as an instrument and Nicenet as an application could assist learners to escalate their grammar acquisition.
Investigating the Effects of Scaffolding Genre Knowledge and Metacognitive Strategy Use on EFL Learners’ Academic Writing Skills: A Mixed-methods Study(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۶, No.۳۳, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۳
44 - 65
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study aimed to investigate the effects of scaffolding genre knowledge and metacognitive strategy use on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ academic writing skills. The initial population was 100 EFL students from M.A. English language teaching (ELT) students who took academic writing course at Islamic Azad University, Tehran and Alborz branches. To homogenize the sample, Oxford placement test (OPT) was administered, and based on its results, 75 advanced learners were selected for the purpose of the study. After that, they were divided into 3 groups, namely the experimental group A (scaffolding genre knowledge), the experimental group B (metacognitive strategy use), and the control group. IELTS academic writing task 2 was administered as the pretest and posttest. The treatments lasted for 16 sessions. To explore the learners’ perceptions regarding the instructions qualitatively, the semi-structured individual interviews were administered to 20 students who were chosen from the experimental groups. The results showed that scaffolding genre knowledge and metacognitive strategy use had significant impacts on the Iranian EFL learners’ academic writing skill. In addition, the findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the effects of scaffolding genre knowledge and metacognitive strategy use on the Iranian EFL academic writing skill in which scaffolding genre knowledge had more significant effects on Iranian EFL academic writing skill than metacognitive strategy use. Furthermore, the qualitative findings showed that the learners adopted positive views towards scaffolding genre knowledge and metacognitive strategy use in developing their academic writing skill.
The Effect of Teaching Lexical Cohesion on Improving IELTS Academic Writing Task 2(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)
منبع:
The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۶, No.۳۳, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۳
67 - 81
حوزههای تخصصی:
Inspired by Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework, this study delved into the impact of lexical cohesion training on the writing prowess of English language learners. Drawing upon an experimental design, this study investigated the effect of lexical cohesion instruction on IELTS Academic Writing Task Two performance. Over an eight-week course, a total of 60 IELTS candidates were screened based on their performance in the Quick Oxford Placement Test and these individuals were assigned to either the experimental or control group. Each participant was required to complete two writing assignments during the study. A sequence of six writing tasks was developed and put into practice. The participants’ compositions were evaluated on two instances: pre-test and post-test. A meticulous tapestry of independent-samples t-tests was woven to unveil the distinctions in performance between the cohorts. A quantitative evaluation of the learners’ written work demonstrated that instruction in lexical cohesion had a statistically significant effect on their writing scores. Possible explanations for this exceptional performance are explored, and recommendations are offered for second language (L2) writing instructors and researchers.
A Study of Saleh Hosseni’s Style in Three English Novels Translated into Persian through Universals of Translation
منبع:
Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Translation Studies, Vol. ۸, No. ۱, Winter ۲۰۲۳
87 - 100
حوزههای تخصصی:
This paper aimsto reveal how the universals of translation (henceforth, UsT) can beregarded as a manner to examine the translator'sstyle in the TL. In doing so, this paper examines how Saleh Hosseini, as an Iranian literary translator, made his style through the changes he completed at each micro-and macro-levels shift to result in his discursive presence and/or style in the novels he has translated into Persian. After having reviewed the main theories on shifts including Nida, Catford, Leuven-Zwart, and Baker, this paper takes Baker’s definition of style as the translator’s ‘thumbprint’ as a way to approach the UsT in Hosseini’s Persian translations. Having occurred with the translated texts than with the original, the UsT are: ‘explicitation’, ‘normalization’, ‘levelling out’, and ‘simplification’ (Baker, 1996). Having selected 44 sentences from the three translated novels into Persian by Hosseini as a corpus, this paper indicates that the ratio of ‘normalization’ is much higher than the other three universals, meaning that Hosseini, through adhering to the norms of the Persian language, came to this universal as one of the signposts of his discursive presence, voice, and style in his translations.
بررسی کمّی تغییر رفتار اجزای فعلی در فارسی نو(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
در زبان فارسی همکردهای فعل مرکب یا بخش فعلی موجود در عبارت های فعلی، خودشان فعل های قاموسی ساده ای بوده اند که معمولا در این نقش جدید در معنای اصلی به کار نمی روند. این پژوهش به دنبال مشخص کردن این است که چه افعالی در زبان فارسی نو این روند را طی کرده اند و کدام دسته از آنها حضوری باثبات تر و کدام دسته گرایشی قوی تر داشته اند تا در ساخت های فعلی جدید نیز به شکلی زایا در این نقش حضور یابند. برای مشخص شدن این موضوع از یک معیار کمّی آماری به نام «ضریب تغییر» استفاده شده است. با استفاده از این معیار، رتبه بندی جدیدی برای این نوع افعال ترتیب داده شد که بازنمودی عددی از تغییر رفتار آنها را نشان می دهد. نتایج نشان می دهد فعل «زدن» بیشترین تغییر رفتار را نشان می دهد و بسیار به مشارکت در ساخت های فعلی جدید تمایل نشان داده و فعل «داشتن» پایدارترین رفتار را داشته است .
The Effects of Immediate and Delayed Corrective Feedback on the Acquisition of English Subject-Verb Agreement by EFL Learners(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The timing of corrective feedback (CF) provision has been a controversial issue in SLA research. Despite widespread research, there is still disagreement on whether the erroneous structures should be addressed immediately or at a delayed time after task completion. This study investigates the comparative effects of immediate and delayed feedback on developing subject-verb (s-v) agreement by Iranian EFL learners. To this end, 28 university students were divided into immediate (n=14) and delayed (n=14) CF groups after the administration of the Oxford Placement Test. The study involved a pre-test, three treatment sessions and a post-test. The two feedback groups received treatments followed by either immediate feedback provided after task completion or delayed feedback delivered after 3 days of task completion. The tests and treatments contained various activities including multiple-choice, cloze, fill-in-the-blanks and picture description task. The results of the analysis of test scores on the pre- and post-tests were indicative of the outperformance of the immediate CF group, implying that the immediate feedback may be more beneficial for developing s-v agreement accuracy than delayed feedback. The findings of this investigation can bear efficient implications for language teachers and researchers.
Attitude Subsystem in Recounts Told by Persian Male and Female Webloggers
حوزههای تخصصی:
Appraisal theory has provided researchers with a powerful analytical tool to explore how language users express their feelings, attitude and judgments in texts. The present study was conducted to explore the use of appraisals in Persian recounts with a focus on the attitude subsystem. Forty-eight online recounts were selected (22 female writers and 26 male writers). The analysis was conducted two times at a one-week interval using the UAM corpus tool software. The results indicated that women generally used more attitude resources in their recounts compared to men and they also used more affect than men, both men and women encoded their evaluation more explicitly rather than implicitly, and in both types of recounts, attitude subsystems appeared in a special order in terms of frequency. In conclusion, predominant use of attitude in Persian recounts can be considered as evidence of effectiveness and applicability of the appraisal theory.
روند معیارسازی در زبان مازندرانی
حوزههای تخصصی:
روند تبدیل گونه ای از یک زبان به زبان معیار را در اصطلاح جامعه شناسی زبان، معیارسازی می نامند. یکی از راه های بالا بردن جایگاه و اعتبار یک زبان، ایجاد گونه معیار در آن است؛ به طوری که وجود آن را یکی از ملاک ها برای تشخیص زبان از گویش دانسته اند. در این نوشته، قصد داریم روند رسیدن به گونه معیار در زبان مازندرانی را مورد بررسی قرار دهیم؛ اینکه: چه ضرورتی برای رسیدن به زبان معیار در زبان مازندرانی وجود دارد و مراحل و راه های رسیدن به آن بر اساس دیدگاه زبان شناس نروژی آینار هاگن کدام است. در ابتدا به این موضوع پرداختیم که معیارسازی چیست و زبان معیار چه ویژگی هائی دارد؛ سپس ضرورت های معیارسازی زبان مازندرانی مطرح شده که عبارتند از: استفاده از زبان محلی در رادیو و تلویزیون، چاپ کتاب و روزنامه به زبان مازندرانی، کاربرد زبان مازندرانی در فضای مجازی و آموزش زبان مازندرانی در سطح مدارس و دانشگاه ها؛ در پایان، وضعیت زبان مازندرانی از نظر معیارسازی در چهار مرحله: انتخاب گونه معیار، تدوین و تثبیت، گسترش نقش ها و بالاخره پذیرش آن از طرف جامعه تشریح شده است.
برخی فرآیندهای مشترک تضعیف و تقویت در گونه های زبانی استان مازندران: رویکرد زایشی
منبع:
گویش شناسی و فرهنگ عامه سال اول بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۱
89 - 112
حوزههای تخصصی:
گویش مازندرانی به لحاظ رده شناختی در گروه زبان های شمال غربی قرارمی گیرد و ازاینرو برخی فرایندهای واجی آن با گروه زبان های جنوب غربی متفاوت است. معرفی فرآیندهای تضعیف و تقویت و بیان ویژگی های آن ها در گونه-های زبانی استان مازندران هدف انجام این پژوهش است. بسیاری از داده های این پژوهش از طریق مصاحبه، ضبط و ثبتِ گفتار 30 گویشور از 15 شهرِ استان مازندران شامل ساری، بابل، بابلسر، آمل، قائم شهر، سوادکوه، نور، نوشهر، چالوس، عباس آباد، محمودآباد، فریدون کنار، بهشهر، تنکابن، و کلاردشت جمع آوری، دسته بندی، توصیف و تحلیل شده اند. علاوه بر این از منابعی همچون مقالات، پایان نامه ها و واژه نامه های نوشته شده درباره این گویش نیز استفاده شده است. پژوهشگران مستقیماً با گویشوران مصاحبه کرده و اطلاعات مورد نیاز را ثبت و ضبط کرده اند. برخی از نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش عبارتنداز: 1. غلت کامی /j/ در وسط واژه در جایگاه پایانه هجا بعد از یک واکه در تمامی گونه های زبانی استان مازندران حذف می شود. 2. واکه های /a/، /e/ و /o/ به واکه مرکزی و نرم [ә] تبدیل می شود. 3. انسدادی واک دار /d/ به غلت کامی [j] در جایگاه بین دو واکه تبدیل می شود. 4. انسداد چاکنائی در آغاز برخی از واژه هایی که با /š/ یا /s/ شروع می شود، همراه با واکه درج می شود. 5. همخوان های /f/ و /v/ در جایگاه آغازه هجا یا واژه به [b] تبدیل می شوند.
Construction of Iranian TEFL Doctoral Candidates’ Scholarly Position during Writing for Publication(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
This study sought to investigate how doctoral candidates are positioned by journal editors and reviewers and how they establish their own position while attempting to get published, as well as the challenges and opportunities they confront throughout this process. Data were gathered from two doctoral candidates at a public university employing a mixed-methods conversion design whose qualitative phase was a multiple case study. In-depth interviews, metalinguistic commentary, and document analysis were used to track the positioning patterns. Data analysis utilizing the Appraisal model revealed that doctoral candidates were perceived as novice researchers by journal editors and reviewers. In addition, doctoral candidates’ own positioning gradually shifted from being novice and intolerant researchers to being independent and tolerant ones. Moreover, the findings revealed that doctoral candidates face different challenges during the process of writing for publication, which makes this process more difficult for them. Based on the interviews, different requirements from different journals, obligations, limited sources of help, and lack of experience were among the most important challenges the participants had to deal with. On the other hand, they mentioned that publication provided them with the chance of expressing themselves and having their own voice, which could be considered as an opportunity in this process.
بررسی شناختی صفات مرکب در کردی هورامی پاوه(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
در پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی حاضر، نخست صفات مرکبِ کردی هورامی پاوه، از فرهنگ فارسی-کردی (سه جلدی) (مردوخ روحانی و دیگران، 1385) گردآوری شده اند؛ همچنین، یکی از نگارندگان که گویشور هورامی پاوه است، 25 صفت مرکب دیگر را بدان ها افزوده است. سپس این داده ها، در چارچوب صرف شناختی و براساس مدل پیشنهادی هماوند (2011) بررسی و روابط معنایی بین هسته و توصیفگر در آن ها برپایه سه عملکرد شناختی مقوله سازی، پیکربندی و مفهوم سازی مشخص شده اند. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که تعداد نُه مقوله از یازده مقوله پیشنهادی هماوند (شامل صفاتی که در آن ها توصیفگر هدف یا مکان هسته را نشان می دهد یا فاقد ویژگی بیان شده توسط هسته است یا هسته نوع، ویژگی، اندازه، عملکرد، تمایل یا حرکت به سمتِ توصیفگر را نشان می دهد)، به علاوه چهار مقوله دیگر که در مدل پیشنهادی هماوند به آن ها اشاره ای نشده است (شامل صفاتی که در آن ها توصیفگر کمیت هسته، محدوده فعّالیت هسته، ویژگی هسته و تشابه هسته به چیزی رانشان می دهد) در صفات مرکب زبان کردی هورامی پاوه وجود دارند. درضمن، سه قلمرو درون طبقه ای و سه قلمرو برون طبقه ای و شش نوع تعبیر در این صفات قابل تشخیص است.
The Effect of Gamification on Developing EFL Learners' Vocabulary Learning in Flipped Classes(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
Giving consideration to the importance and on-going challenge of vocabulary learning, there is an increasing demand for seeking out new approaches that correspond well with the needs of digital natives. With the rapid advance of technology, deploying innovative approaches such as gamified and flipped mobile- assisted language learning is gaining worldwide popularity. The current study was an attempt to scrutinize the effectiveness of integrating gamification with flipped approach on EFL learners' receptive vocabulary learning. With the aim of carrying out this research, 68 EFL high school students were randomly allocated into an experimental and control group. The required data were gathered by means of pre- and post- tests. Moreover, the obtained data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics including two paired, and one independent samples t-tests. Quantitative findings revealed that the experimental group participants outperformed their non-gamified coequals. Additionally, as post-test scores showed tremendous improvement, it was found that both aforesaid approaches were devastatingly effective in enhancing EFL learners' vocabulary development. The results of this study can be useful for EFL instructors and teachers for giving them insights on how to employ flipped approach for teaching receptive vocabulary.
Diachronic study of information structure in Persian(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
حوزههای تخصصی:
The present study aimed to investigate diachronic changes in the frequency and function of marked syntactic structures, namely passive constructions, preposing, and cleft sentences that manifest information structural elements in Persian. The study examined these structures across three periods of Persian, i.e., Middle Persian, Dari, and Modern Persian. The data for Middle Persian is sourced from The Mēnōg-ī Khrad and Oshnar-I Dana, while for Dari, Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī and Safarnāma by Nasir Khusraw are used. For Modern Persian, written resources from various genres, such as short stories and scientific articles, are analyzed. The samples from each period are analyzed to determine the function and frequency of marked syntactic structures, which are then compared to identify any potential changes in their usage over time. The findings indicated that the frequency and function of these syntactic structures have changed over time. The findings suggested that passive constructions were commonly used across all three periods to present the patient as the pragmatic topic and maintain the topic-focus order. However, in modern Persian, passive construction was also used to emphasize the patient as the focus. Cleft constructions were not found in Middle Persian, but the increase in frequency of cleft constructions in Dari can be attributed to the fact that in this period, cleft sentences were used similarly to preposing, in order to observe the principle of separation of role and reference, rather than focusing on specific elements. Nonetheless, in modern Persian, cleft constructions were used to exclude other possibilities and emphasize the selected element as the focus. Preposing structures were used to present an element as the topic and provide new information about it. This study contributes to our understanding of language change and provides insights into the evolution of Persian syntax over time.