Information Literacy

Distance education pedagogy to be successful requires teachers with different levels of computer, information, and multimedia literacy. Teachers' computer literacy has caught considerable attention due to the great opportunities provided by modern technology for promoting language education. The present study explored computer, information, and multimedia literacy of 255 Iranian EFL teachers. To collect data, we developed and validated Computer, Information, and Multimedia Literacy Questionnaire for EFL Teachers (CIM-LQ for EFL Teachers), a five-point Likert scale questionnaire containing three sections to examine the participants' responses. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.  The findings revealed that the level of EFL teachers' multimedia and information literacy ranged from low to moderate which necessitates improving teachers' training courses and preparing them for implementing technologies in real language teaching contexts. The findings have implications for both teacher education programs including both pre-service and in-service teacher training courses and EFL teachers' practice. 

Nowadays, digital literacy and the use of digital resources and communication tools in academic contexts have been promoted by the rise of digital civilization in the 21st-century. Thus, this research aimed to study the digital literacy of Iranian EFL teachers and students to find out any significant difference between them. One hundred and fifty Iranian EFL teachers, and 175 Iranian EFL students were invited to participate in this study. A 181-item standardized measure developed and validated by Khlaisang and Koraneekij (2019) was used to assess individuals’ three crucial 21st-century digital skills namely Information Literacy (IL), Media Literacy (ML), and Information Communication Technology Literacy (ICTL). To find that whether this difference is significant or not, a t-test was run. The results highlight that Iranian EFL teachers' scores were higher than students in all the three constructs of IL, ML, and ICTL, and ICTL had the highest mean score among all. The data regarding teachers’ and students’ digital literacy can be a reference for educational planners and decision-makers to identify digital skills which should be considered more seriously at the university level especially in these Coronavirus days.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural literacy of Spinas hotel staff and its role on the satisfaction of foreign tourists. The study type was descriptive-analytical and surveying. The statistical population of the research was 350 employees of the Spinas Hotel and 200 foreign tourists. Sample size was set by total numbering, and sampling method was random obtained as 184 and 183 by Cochran formula respectively. The data were analyzed using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency distribution tables and frequency percentage) and at the inferential level to test the research hypotheses (t-test, ANOVA and multivariate regression), it was analyzed using SPSS23 software. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis of variables of information literacy, media literacy and intercultural literacy with dependent variable of satisfaction of foreign tourists indicate that this relationship is statistically significant and the main hypothesis of the research (there is a relationship between cultural literacy of staff of cultural centers and the satisfaction of foreign tourists) was confirmed. It was also found that among the variables introduced in the regression model, the variable of intercultural literacy had a greater effect on the satisfaction of foreign tourists of Spinase Hotel, and the variables of information literacy and media literacy are the next effective variables respectively.

Self-directed learning and digital literacy are the most effective issues in the process of foreign language learning. Due to the importance of digital literacy and self-directed learning in the process of foreign language learning, the present study aimed at investigating the relationship between Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ digital literacy and their self-directed learning. For the purpose of the study, 210 male and female Iranian EFL learners from Mashhad English language institutes took part in the study through using convenience sampling method. The digital literacy and self-directed learning questionnaires were distributed among intermediate EFL learners to measure their attitudes towards digital literacy and the self-directed learning process. To conduct the study, a correlational design was used. The results of Pearson Correlation analyses revealed that there was a positive relationship between the Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ digital literacy and their self-directed learning. The results of the multiple regression analyses also showed that information communication technology literacy and information literacy as the two components of the digital literacy questionnaire significantly predicted the Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ self-directed learning. It can be concluded that high levels of digital literacy and self-directed learning tend to result in better academic performance and learning motivation. It is important that educational contexts, as well as lan guage institutes administrators provide opportunities for en hancing learners’ self-directed learning and media literacy and consequently improving EFL learners’ achievement and motivation.