طراحی الگوی نوآوری باز صنعت طلای ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
نوآوری باز، طی دهه گذشته به طور گسترده ای در پیشینه مدیریت نوآوری مورد بحث بوده است. این امر موجب شناسایی هرچه بیشتر مزایای آن گردیده است، نظیر استفاده از ورودی های دانش برای تسریع نوآوری های داخلی و گسترش بازار برای استفاده های خارجی از نوآوری در شرکت های کوچک و متوسط. هدف این پژوهش، دستیابی به الگوی ساختاری نوآوری باز برای صنعت طلای ایران با بررسی عوامل تأثیرپذیر و تأثیرگذار و تبیین چگونگی روابط میان آن هاست. پژوهش از نوع کیفی با ماهیت اکتشافی تبیینی است و از رویکردهای مرور نظام مند پیشینه پژوهش و فراترکیب و تحلیل مضمون بهره گرفته است. در این خصوص، از بین 3151 مقاله اولیه، 54 مقاله پس از گذر از لایه های متعدد ارزیابی، مورد بررسی محتوایی قرار گرفته و متغیرها و واحدهای معنایی مورد نظر شناسایی شده است. سپس 25 کد مفهومی اولیه، استخراج و پس از اعتبارسنجی آن با خبرگان، روابط میان آن ها نیز از متون علمی استنتاج شد و در یک الگوی مفهومی ترسیم گردید. در ادامه برای تطبیق الگوی مذکور در صنعت طلا، مصاحبه هایی نیمه ساختارمند با خبرگان صنعت طلا طرح ریزی و اجرا شد، که این اقدامات منجر به شناسایی 11 عامل جدید و اختصاصی برای صنعت طلا گردید. با ادغام و دسته بندی عامل ها، 34 مقوله نهایی شناسایی و با بررسی روابط بین آن ها، الگو نوآوری باز در صنعت طلا تدوین و عامل های مهم تأثیرگذار و تأثیرپذیر در الگو شناسایی گردید. همچنین، در این میان سه عامل کلیدی شامل نهادسازی میانجی، تغییرپذیری مدیران و عامل اعتمادسازی در همکاری و مشارکت ها، تأثیرگذارترین عوامل در الگو شناسایی شدند که علاوه بر تاثیر بر روی دیگر عوامل موجب تقویت نوآوری باز و در نتیجه تقویت متغیرهای عملکردی می گردند.Designing an open innovation pattern for the Iranian gold industry
Introduction: Open innovation has been widely discussed in the management of the innovation literature over the past decade, which has led to the increasing recognition of its benefits, including the use of knowledge inputs to accelerate domestic innovation and expanding the market for using innovation in small and medium company. Better understanding of the stimulus, shaping, and consequence variables of open innovation can help to better explain the relationships between them and thus better plan open innovative actions. The policy of companies to expand innovative activities depends on identifying the position of its factors and drivers in their internal and external environment. In this regard, considering the gaps in the Iranian gold industry, a comprehensive pattern of open innovation was developed based on systematic review of articles and thematic analysis. This process was performed by identifying all the variables affecting the open innovation pattern in the Iranian gold industry and analyzing the relationships between them, as well as identifying the effects of open innovation on performance indicators.
Methodology: Tht research type is qualitative one with exploratory-explanatory nature in which the systematic review of research literature, meta-synthesis approach and thematic analysis have been used.In this regard, by carefully studying the existing resources at the international and national level in the field of open innovation, has identified the most important influential and influential factors in the open innovation process. Then, using the qualitative method (meta-synthesis approach), the identified factors were coded and modified and the relationships between them were identified in order to draw the initial pattern of innovation. Then, in order to adapt the identified framework specifically to the reality of Iran's gold industry, in line with the thematic analysis method, semi-structured interviews with gold industry experts designed and conducted. The results of these steps led to the identification of new variables, their coding and classification into new concept codes. By merging and categorizing the factors, final categories identified and by examining the relationships between them, an open innovation pattern in the Iranian gold industry developed and important influential and influential factors identified in the pattern.
Results and Discussion: Based on the seven steps of meta-synthesis after passing through several layers of 54 articles evaluation from 3151 initial ones which chosen by careful content review and for identifying desired variables and semantic units. In this regard, 25 concept codes extracted and after examining their validation by help of subject matter experts, the relationships between them also induced from scientific texts and drawn in a conceptual framework. Then, in order to implement the identified framework in the gold industry of Iran, semi-structured interviews with the experts of the gold industry of Iran designed and conducted, which led to the identification of 11 new and specific factors for the gold industry. By merging and categorizing the factors, 34 final categories identified and by examining the relationships among them, the open innovation pattern in the gold industry of Iran developed and important influential and influential factors identified in the pattern.
Conclusion: Based on the type of relationships between factors using experts, it found that some factors have a more pivotal role and have a higher impact on other factors, which indicates their key and influential role in the pattern. Among these, three key factors including mediating institutionalization, manager variability and trust building factor in cooperation and partnerships with high impact and relationships identified in the pattern. In the meantime, by examining more closely the relationship between these three key factors, it shows that the two key factors of mediating institutionalization, the variability of their managers, directly affect the other key factor, which is building trust in cooperation and partnership, and strengthen. By analyzing the subsequent relationships, the factor of building trust in cooperation and partnership, we will see the impact of this factor on the factors of identifying knowledge resources and empowering managers and ultimately the impact of all of them on open innovation in the gold industry. Finally, by examining the final pattern and considering the importance of the mediating institutionalization variable in directly affecting the three influential variables in the pattern, it suggeste that science and technology parks and related unions and universities support the establishment of research institutions. Intermediary companies in various fields of education, research, services and technology to provide specialized services to this industry, to solve this convergent circle and thus strengthen open innovation in it. In addition, institutions related to holding specialized training courses in the gold industry, encouraging managers to participate in empowerment and development programs such as conferences, specialized meetings and visiting specialized exhibitions can strengthen the variability of managers, to further witness Increase trust in joint activities and efforts to identify and use new knowledge resources by companies. In addition, by strengthening the two factors of mediating institutionalization and variability by the relevant institutions, it is possible to strengthen the factor of building trust in cooperation and partnerships. In addition, the establishment of supporting institutions, such as the establishment of gold industrial development clusters, can increase trust-building processes in this industry and help develop open innovation in the Iranian gold industry. The results also show the direct and indirect impact of all extracted factors on open innovation and of course their effect on open innovation performance, which includes the company's performance including financial and non-financial performance and innovative performance including innovation penetration, innovation volume and scope of impact.
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