دیپلماسی و راهبردهای افزونگی اقتصادی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در عصر امروز برای همه کشورهای دنیا، حوزه روابط بین المللی حائز اهمیت فراوانی است و وجوه اشتراک بین کشورها ممکن است روابط بین آن ها را گسترده تر نماید. عراق به عنوان یک کشور هم مرز، دارای نقاط فرهنگی و دینی مشترک، همسو و هم نظر در تحولات منطقه با جمهوری اسلامی ایران، دارای وجوه اشتراک زیادی است و به همین دلیل باید روابط بسیار قوی با ایران داشته باشد. به ویژه به دلیل تحولات عراق از سال 2005 و کمک های نظامی و کلامی بدون چشم داشت ایران به این کشور، سطح اعتماد و روابط دفاعی-امنیتی مناسبی بین دو کشور به وجود آمده است؛ اما علی رغم این روابط حسنه، به ویژه بعد از فروپاشی رژیم بعث و استقرار دولت مردمی در عراق، ایران تاکنون از ظرفیت تجاری عراق که یک کشور با ظریفت نسبتاً بالا است، استفاده مطلوبی نکرده و همچنان دارای ظرفیت بالایی برای بهره برداری است. در همین راستا این پژوهش با هدف بررسی روابط و منافع اقتصادی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و عراق و ارائه راه کارهای مناسب جهت اثر بخشی این روابط انجام شده است. پژوهش پیش رو با بهره گیری از روش سوات به تحلیل داده های خام موجود از منابع داخلی و خارجی معتبر و همچنین جهت تسلط بیشتر بر موضوع، به مصاحبه با افراد صاحب منصب در موضوع مورد بحث مبادرت نمود و ابتدا نقاط راهبردی داخلی (قوت ها و ضعف ها) و خارجی (فرصت ها و تهدیدات) را شناسایی کرد و مهمترین نقاط آن را نقاط راهبردی در نظر گرفت و در جهت تکمیل داده های مورد نیاز به توزیع پرسشنامه در بین خبرگان مبادرت نمود. اطلاعات کسب شده از این مسیر استخراج الگوی مفهومی پژوهش را در پی داشت. در ادامه ضمن تشریح روش تحقیق پژوهش اطلاعات مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد با تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از ماتریس های ارزیابی داخلی و خارجی می توان نمره 741/2 و 6/2 از نمره سقف 4، را به عملکرد داخلی و خارجی روابط اقتصادی ایران و عراق اختصاص داد. این نمرات با توجه به مبانی روش سوات چون بیشتر از 5/2 هستند، وضعیت کلی مناسبی را نشان می دهند؛ اما نمره بالایی نیست و گواه بر این حقیقت است که ظرفیت بالقوه ای برای ارتقاء روابط اقتصادی بین دو کشور وجود دارد. در ادامه، پژوهش با تشکیل و تحلیل ماتریس سوات نسبت به تدوین 12 راهبرد جهت ارتقاء روابط و منافع بین دو کشور اقدام نمود. ورود و تحلیل این راهبردها با ماتریس برنامه ریزی کمی راهبردی انجام شد و در نهایت برای عملی نمودن هر یک از راهبردهای فوق پیشنهادهایی ارائه گردید.Economic diplomacy and redundancy strategies
Introduction: In today's world, the field of international relations is very important and economic diplomacy consider an important tool for the economic growth and development of countries at the international level. Economic diplomacy involves accessing international markets, attracting foreign investments, and influencing global laws to achieve national benefits. Iran located in a region that is very important from a geopolitical point of view and also has privileged geographical, human and natural resources that can take advantage of these strengths and in addition to use the opportunities in neighboring countries and removing weaknesses and avoiding threats to achieve a suitable economic position in the region and the world. The commonalities between countries may expand the relations between them.Iraq, as a border country, has common cultural and religious points, in line with the developments in the region with the Islamic Republic of Iran, has much in common and therefore must have very strong relations with Iran. Methodology: The SWOT method uses to study the literature of the subject, including theoretical and experimental literature, analysis of raw data available from valid internal and external sources. The interviewe is anther tool for gathering data from officials in the subject under discussion. First identified internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) strategic points and considered its most important points as strategic points and in the next step to complete the required data, distributed the questionnaire among the experts. The data obtained led to the extraction of the conceptual research pattern. Then, while explaining the research method, the information analyzed. Results and Discussion: The effective and active cooperation between the two countries of Iran and Iraq for stability in the region and the development of economic and trade relations with the benefits of the two nations brings a better economic situation for both countries. In addition, the economic capacities of the two countries can serve the benefits of both nations. The two countries can take useful and effective steps to secure the interests of their nations and other nations of the region by strengthening the level of cooperation and coordination. Due to the unintended military in Iraq since 2005 and Iranian support to this country, the level of trust and security defense relations between the two countries established. Despite these good relations, especially after the collapse of the Ba'athist regime and the establishment of a people's government in Iraq, Iran has not yet made good use of Iraq's trade potential, which is a relatively high-financed country, and still has a high capacity to exploit. Considering that the developments in Iraq are effective on the interactions between the two countries, in order to achieve long-term economic opportunities in Iraq, our country needs to develop appropriate and effective strategies and policies in different parts of this country. In this regard, this study conducted with the aim of examining the economic relations and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Iraq and providing appropriate solutions for the effectiveness of these relations. In this research, in order to choose a suitable strategy, the SWOT method used for data analysis. In this method, for Iraq, there will be two environments, an environment in which Iran is influential called the internal environment, and an environment in which Iran is subject to Iraq and cannot be influential is the external environment. Conclusion: The results showed that by analyzing the data using internal and external evaluation matrices, a score of 2/741 and 2/6 of the ceiling score of 4 can be assigned to the internal and external performance of Iran-Iraq economic relations. According to the Swat method, because they are more than 2.5, they show a good general condition; but it is not a high score and testifies to the fact that there is a potential capacity to improve economic relations between the two countries. Following the research, by forming and analyzing the Swot matrix, 12 strategies were developed to promote relations and interests between the two countries, which include 6 offensive strategies, 2 conservative strategies, 1 competitive strategy and 3 defensive strategies. Entry and analysis of these strategies with a quantitative strategic planning matrix, showed that of these strategies, 4 very good strategies, 3 good strategies, 4 medium strategies and an unacceptable strategy, and finally to make suggestions for the implementation of each of the above strategies took.
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