درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

هسته مرکزی و غایت هرمنوتیک گادامر، تأمل فلسفی در ماهیت فهم و تبیین چگونگی دستیابی به آن است. فهمی که تاریخ مندی، زبان مندی و بازی مندی شاخصه های آن هستند و در بستر ساحات وجودی انسان (سنت، تاریخ و فرهنگ) متعین می شود. نوشتار پیش رو بر آن است تا بر پایه شاخصه های تعیین کننده یادشده، هرمنوتیک فلسفی گادامر را در آینه وظیفه گرایی و پیامدگرایی اخلاقی بررسی کند و در متن این بررسی به امکان سنجی واگرایی وظیفه گرایی اخلاقی و هم گرایی پیامدگرایی اخلاقی با رویکرد هرمنوتیکی گادامر بپردازد. از منظر فلسفه گادامر، هر کنشی (اخلاقی/ سیاسی) در موقعیت هرمنوتیکی رخ می دهد. این بدان معناست که دانش اخلاقی ای با هرمنوتیک فلسفی گادامر منطبق است که در تقابل با مطلق انگاری، ماهیت وجودی و تاریخی کنشگر را در خود جای دهد. از این رهگذر به نظر می رسد دانش اخلاقی پیامدگرا دانشی است که امکان این کنش اخلاقی را برای کنشگر فراهم می کند و در نقطه مقابل، دانش اخلاقی وظیفهگرا بر پایه مطلق انگاری، این امکان را سلب خواهد کرد و کنش اخلاقی را تا سطح عمل بازتولیدی صرف، فرو خواهد کاست. البته شاخصه های خاص هرمنوتیک گادامر راه را برای امکان انطباق پذیری با اخلاق وظیفه گرا نیز هموار می کند.

"Interpretation (Taʼwīl)" is one of the key topics in Quranic literature that has had significant importance and a special place in the fields of religious knowledge. To study and understand the Holy Quran correctly, research and investigation on this subject are necessary. The extent of Sayyid Murtaḍā's knowledge and the value of his works have led many researchers to consider his perspectives and works as subjects of their own scientific research. The present study aims, using a descriptive-analytical method, to examine interpretation in the Quranic thought of Sayyid Murtaḍā through. The research approach shows that Sayyid Murtaḍā introduced interpretation in the field of exegesis; it has general (ʻĀm) meaning which encompass exegesis. Therefore, when explaining the clear (Muḥkam) verses and also explaining the unclear (Mutashābih) verses, he used the term interpretation (Taʼwīl). According to him, there is a difference between the credibility of interpretation (proof of possible aspects) and the correctness of interpretation. His exegesis is in line with scientific and rational principles and he has a scholarly understanding of the Quran. His beliefs include belief in the divine nature of the Quranic words, belief in the comprehensibility of the Quran, affirmation of the truths in the words and expressions of the Quran, and the discovery of reasonable meanings attributable to God in the unclear (Mutashābih) verses, among others. The result of this research is beneficial for understanding the Quranic views of Sayyid Murtaḍā and benefiting from his experiences and skills in Quran exegesis; also, it addresses the need for a comprehensive approach to interpreting unclear and difficult verses.

Polygamy has been one of the rules of Islam and a common tradition among Muslims; this rule has been challenged by some Muslims, and it is one pretext with which the opposition attacks Islam. The purpose of this study is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of polygamy and to examine the reasons for and against it in an analytical and deductive manner.Findings: The reasons for permission for polygamy arethe Holy Quran, Sunna, manners of Muslims. The reasons for opponents are incompatibility with human nature, non-observance of justice by men, being unjust and masculine rule, a factor for men's voluptuousness, and the tradition of Prophet and Imam Ali when Hazrat Khadija and Fatima were alive. If we consider the rulings as subject to interests and corruption, the ruling on polygamy can be considered a function of time.It is permissible if its expedience is more than its corruption. If moral laws of Islam are implemented, the individual interests of polygamy are as follows: meeting the needs of women, personality development, upbreeding the orphans, the existence of male and female behavior models for orphans, maintaining the nobility of women and engaging men in a special commitment. If the moral laws of Islam are not observed, some of the evils of polygamy include inciting jealousy among women and enmity among children, as well as the prevalence of lust in men.Conclusion: The rules in Shiite jurisprudence are subject to interests and corruptions, and polygamy requires moral education in the society.

Shaykh Ṣadūq has his specific methods and criteria for semantic analysis of the Gharīb (unfamiliar) terms in the field of hadith in general, and in the area of interpretation and semantics of vocabulary in particular; recognizing his methods and criteria in the semantic analysis of Gharīb words in the Holy Quran and the sayings of the impeccable Imams (AS) leads to the discovery of new approaches and the presentation of a more precise image of his methods and criteria in semantic analysis. Among his remaining works, one can find some of his views. The present study aims to observe and discover the types of explanations of Gharīb words in the thoughts of Shaykh Ṣadūq. To this aim was used a descriptive-analytical method and data collection is library-based. The result indicated that he used methods such as: Utilizing Shia theological arguments, defining examples for words, leveraging Arabic culture and literature, interpreting Gharīb words according to the companions, followers of the Imams (AS), and his scholars, highlighting grammatical points, using the sayings of the impeccable Imams (AS), stating all semantic aspects of a word, and preferring one meaning over others. Through his specific criteria, Shaykh Ṣadūq has been able to reach the core meaning and interpretive significance of Gharīb words.

The Holy Qur'an, the sacred book of Muslims, is recognized as the miracle of the Prophet of Islam (pbuh). Therefore, over the past 14 centuries, numerous scholars and thinkers have devoted themselves to studying the various aspects of the Qur'an's inimitability ('I'jᾱz). In recent decades, one prominent field in Qur'anic studies attracting Muslim scholars and Orientalists is innovative research in discovering new dimensions of the linguistic-semantic structure, particularly the order in the Qur'an. Surah Ᾱl-e 'Imrᾱn is the third Surah and one of the Medinan Surahs of the Qur'an, located in the third and fourth Juz' (sections) of the Qur'an. This study, using a descriptive and analytical approach, examines the structural order of Surah Ᾱl-e 'Imrᾱn. It begins by defining and introducing the concept of symmetric order theory, followed by a rhetorical analysis of Surah Ᾱl-e 'Imrᾱn. This Surah is divided into eleven sections, and its circular symmetric order is proven using a comprehensive pattern of sequence and internal connection among its sections. Proving the existence of a circular structured order in Surah Ᾱl-e 'Imrᾱn demonstrates the unparalleled depth and precision in the structure of the Qur'an.