درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-esteem on jealousy and organizational citizenship behaviors of the staffs of general sport and youth departments of western provinces of Iran. Methodology : The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study includes all managers, presidents and staffs of sport and youth departments in west of Iran with 300 persons (Kermanshah 72 people, Ilam 68 people, Hamedan 57 people, Lorsan 53 people and Kordestan 50 people) and the sample was considered as the whole population. The instruments used in this study were standard questionnaires of Rahmani et al. (2010) anti-citizenship behavior questionnaire, Vecchio organizational jealousy questionnaire (2000) and Gardner self-esteem questionnaire (2000) that their reliability was 0.962, 0.849 and 0.921, respectively. The questionnaires were reviewed by eight experts in management and their ambiguities were somewhat resolved. This demonstrates the acceptable appearance and content validity of the compilation tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics (variance-based structural equation modeling) were used to analyze the data. In addition, the research hypotheses were analyzed at the 0.05 level of error using Smart PLS3 software. Findings : The findings showed that organizational self-esteem had a significant and negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational jealousy, meaning that with increasing self-esteem, organizational citizenship and organizational jealousy would decrease. Conclusion : Organizations today are looking for new approaches in management, so that they can make the best use of their human and physical resources and increase their work efficiency. The main purpose of this study is to identify the effect of organizational self-esteem on organizational jealousy and anti-organizational citizen behavior.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide a model for the development of children's education. Methodology : The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in this study was all experts in the field of educational management and curriculum planning and training of working children. After the 11th interview, theoretical saturation took place. Validity was obtained through 4 experts and by two colleagues and reliability of the Copa formula (0.632). In order to conduct this research, in addition to documentary study, the content analysis technique with MAXQDA12 software was used to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of the development of working children education, and in the quantitative data analysis section, the structural equation technique was used. Findings : As a result of qualitative analysis, 3 dimensions, 8 components and 43 indicators were identified. The dimensions of health-individual education, socio-cultural education and education of knowledge and academic and professional skills were identified as the main dimensions of the development of education of working children. Finally, all indicators were approved using structural equation technique and education of knowledge and academic skills. And vocational education with a coefficient of 0.858, health-individual education with a coefficient of 0.701 and socio-cultural education with a coefficient of 0.605 showed the most impact and importance in the model, respectively. The validity of the model was measured by 5 dimensions (philosophy and purpose with an average of 4.8, theoretical foundations with an average of 4.9, executive principles with an average of 4.70, evaluation system with an average of 4.8 and executive mechanism with an average of 4.8) that all dimensions were approved. . Conclusion : Finally, a model with 5 dimensions (philosophy and purpose with an average of 4.8, theoretical foundations with an average of 4.9, executive principles with an average of 4.7, evaluation system with an average of 4.81 and executive mechanism with an average of 4.80) was designed and validated

Purpose : The aim of this study was to design and validate the model of effective skills training in scientific-applied centers. Methodology : The method of the present study was applied based on the purpose and mixed type based on the nature of the data. The statistical population in the qualitative part of the research included all experts in the field of effective skills training, and 30 experts were selected using targeted snowball sampling method. The second group of the statistical population of this study in the quantitative part included all the official teachers of applied science centers in Mazandaran province in the number of 3,000 people who were selected by random sampling and snowball method of 608 people as the sample size. In the qualitative part of the present study, semi-in-depth interviews were used and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of both instruments were evaluated and confirmed. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part of the theoretical coding was taken from the method of data theory of the foundation and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the model and determine the relationship between the identified factors. Findings : The results showed that in a total of 6 dimensions of career goals, instructor, environment, student, content and management, 28 components and 252 indicators of the dimensions of the skill training model are effective. Conclusion : Based on the obtained coefficients, it can be said that all indicators have an important and significant role in measuring the dimensions and components of the model of effective skills training system for scientific-applied centers of Mazandaran province

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the nature of multicultural teaching from the perspective of professors of Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah. Methodology : The approach of the present study is qualitative and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population includes a range of types of professors in the three fields of humanities, basic sciences and engineering of the Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah province. Snowball sampling is a non-random method. In this method, future members of the group are selected and introduced through former members of the group. The number of samples in this study is 27 after reaching the theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The findings were analyzed by content analysis method by MaxQDA software. Findings : The findings indicated that the nature of multicultural teaching includes the scope of teacher education, macro policies of the educational system, manpower, barriers and problems of multicultural teaching and teaching outcomes. Conclusion : Professors with a greater understanding of the multiplicity of students' culture, welcome multicultural teaching to improve the quality of teaching for all students and be able to overcome the challenges in this field with more reflection.

Purpose : The objective of the present study was to identify and explain the current status of evaluating physical education curriculum of the primary schools to present and validate an optimal model. Methodology : The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of nature and the data were collected using Delphi method (interview with experts). The statistical population of the study included 10 experts in the field of primary school physical education in Lorestan Province who were selected selectively by purposeful sampling. Using Delphi method, after conducting the interview to ensure the validity of the data and results, research data were collected. The data collection tool using Delphi method was interviews with experts in the field of physical education, those involved and executive planners in the field of curriculum planning of the General Directorate of Education of Lorestan Province. For data analysis, Smart PLS software was used to identify the variables. In addition to mean comparison of values and standard deviation, Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance by SPSS software was used to determine the degree of consensus among panel members. Findings : The study results showed that 9 important elements of evaluating the physical education curriculum from the perspective of experts included objective, content, learning references, learning activities, implementation method, evaluation method, grouping, time and space. The model obtained from Delphi analysis and the view of experts is also presented. Conclusion : Evaluation makes it possible to improve curricula. Therefore, in the definition of curriculum evaluation, there is an orderly search for judging and agreeing on the value of a curriculum, in order to improve it to reduce the gap between current and optimal results. The study results can help physical education planners and teachers improve the physical education curriculum.

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to present a model of psychological well-being based on the components of psychological capital and psychological flexibility by mediating role of mindfulness. Methodology : This study is a descriptive research and subjects are composed of 350 masters' students of psychology from Islamic Azad University in Tehran that are selected using ‘stratified random sampling proportional to size’ method. In this method, from each unit of the university, a sample was selected independently and proportional to size of that unit. The participants responded to psychological well-being questionnaire (Ryff, 1989), psychological capital questionnaire (Luthans et al, 2007), Acceptance and action Inventory (Bond et al, 2011) and Mindfulness Questionnaire (Buchheld et al, 2006). Data are analyzed using path analysis through LISERL 8.8. Finding: The results show that cognitive flexibility, hope, optimism, self-efficacy, resiliency and mindfulness directly predict psychological well-being (P<0.01), and on the other hand, cognitive flexibility, hope, optimism, self-efficacy and resiliency indirectly predict psychological well-being by mediating role of mindfulness (P<0.01). Conclusion: So a program can be developed to enhance cognitive flexibility and components of psychological capital and mindfulness, through which students’ level of psychological well-being would be improved. This study was applied in terms of objective and combined. 

The present study aimed to shed light on the relationship among students' socioeconomic status, self-reported English proficiency level, the length of attending private institutes, and L2 motivational factors namely: ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, L2 learning experience, integrative motivation, and intended effort. Participants were 320 Iranian students studying English at high schools in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Data collection included EFL motivational factors adopted from Taguchi, Magid, and Papi (2009), socioeconomic status, and demographic information. The results of the Spearman Rho test revealed a weak or no meaningful relationship between the student's socioeconomic status and their L2 motivation suggesting that socioeconomic status is not an indicator of the school students’ EFL motivational factors regarding tripartite variables of Dörnyei's L2 Motivational Self System as well as integrative motivation and intended effort. However, the length of attending private language courses and the English proficiency of the students indicated moderate correlations with their L2 motivation and socioeconomic status. Current findings bear a clear message to the Iranian education policymakers that despite adopting a communicative approach in the latest official EFL coursebooks of schools, non-official private language institutes still perform more effectively than the Iranian formal education system in maintaining and enhancing the EFL motivation of learners.