مژگان رشتچی

مژگان رشتچی

مطالب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین

فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۱ تا ۲۰ مورد از کل ۲۷ مورد.
۱.

Applying the Activity Theory Framework to Raise EFL Learners’ Ecological Critical Language Awareness(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Activity theory Ecolinguistics Ecological critical language awareness Environmental studies Second language acquisition

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷
Our planet faces major environmental issues that must be addressed through ecological initiatives, education, and awareness raising. In language education, ecolinguistics has grown substantially during the last decade and has taken a cognitive step toward fostering and improving people’s ecological awareness; however, there was no mention of pedagogical practices of ecolinguistics rooted in theories of second language teaching and learning. Thus, the present study sought to apply a framework of English teaching based on the Activity Theory to raise EFL learners’ ecological critical language awareness. The researchers of the current quasi-experimental study employed a non-equivalent pretest and posttest control-group design to assess the effectiveness of using an AT-based framework in EFL classes to foster learners’ critical language awareness of ecological issues. An experimental group (n=45) and a control group (n=45) with intermediate-level members selected through convenience sampling took part in the study. The experimental group was taught with the AT-based framework, while the control group was not. The result of the independent samples t-test indicated that the ECLA of the experimental group had risen significantly compared to the control group. Also, the results of a series of paired samples t-tests comparing the pretest and posttest of the experimental group’s score on each domain of the ECLA showed that the learners’ awareness of all six domains had significantly improved. The study suggests that implementing the AT-based framework to teach ecolinguistics in language classes can be a promising way to raise learners’ ECLA.
۲.

The role of text type on the use of metacognitive reading strategies: Iranian EFL learners' perceptions in focus(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Expository Text Metacognitive Reading Strategy (MRs) Narrative text Perception of text type Reading strategies (Rs)

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸
The current study used a qualitative methodology to examine how Iranian EFL learners practically applied Metacognitive Reading Strategies (MRs) when reading narrative and expository English texts. The study also investigated the participants' perceptions of the impact of text type on using MRs while reading narrative and expository English passages. The researchers selected 40 intermediate EFL learners studying TEFL at Islamic Azad University and Farhangyan University using purposive sampling as focused participants. The instruments employed included the Oxford Placement Test, semi-structured interviews, and think-aloud protocols. The data analysis involved theme-based analysis. The think-aloud protocol analysis indicated that participants employed multiple strategies when engaging with the expository text compared to the narrative text. The finding suggested that text types affected readers` overall performance. The semi-structured interviews revealed that learner's perceptions of text type played a vital role in reading different text types. The practical implications of the study were also discussed.
۳.

The impact of reflective learning on EFL learners’ self-regulation: A mixed methods study(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle Reflective Learning self-regulation

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۴ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲
Self-regulation equips learners with the expertise to continue and improve their studies throughout their life span. The current study investigated the impact of reflective learning using Kolb’s cyclical stages on EFL learners’ self-regulation. The participants were 61 Iranian EFL learners from two intact university classes randomly assigned to the Reflective (n=30) and Non-reflective (n=31) groups. During an eight-week instruction, the Reflective group experienced reflective practices, and the Non-reflective group was exposed to traditional teaching. The data were collected through Seker’s (2016) Self-Regulated Questionnaire, administered before and after the treatment and participants’ think-aloud protocols. The quantitative data analysis using ANCOVA and MANOVA revealed that the Reflective group significantly outperformed the Non-reflective group in all self-regulated learning components except for external and metacognitive self-regulation subscales. The protocol data analysis substantiated the quantitative findings, indicating that reflective learning significantly improved learners’ self-regulated skills. The results offer significant implications for language instructors and language learners.
۴.

Promoting EFL Learners’ Writing Skills via Reflection: The Case of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Think-aloud protocol Writing Performance Kolb’ s Experiential Learning Cycle Reflective Writing traditional writing method

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳
Writing skill is a challenging and frequently-used activity in academic circles. This study investigated the effects of reflective writing on EFL learners’ writing performance. The participants were 61 Iranian EFL learners from two intact university classes randomly assigned to the non-reflective (n=31) and reflective (n=30) groups. Over sixteen sessions of instructions over eight weeks, the non-reflective group was taught using the traditional writing method; however, the reflective group was exposed to reflective writing instruction under Kolb’s Model. The data were collected through reflective writing compositions and the content analysis of think-aloud protocols. The quantitative data analysis revealed that the reflective group significantly outperformed the non-reflective group in writing compositions. The thematic analysis of think-aloud protocols substantiated the quantitative data findings, indicating that all participants went through the cognitive psychological processes of ‘planning, drafting, pausing and thinking, reading and reproducing, reviewing, editing and revising’ as they were engaged in reflective writing via Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle. The results offer significant implications for language instructors, curriculum planners, and course designers.
۵.

Teaching English to Very Young Learners: A Case Study of Two Three-Year-Old Twins(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: early foreign language learning Teaching English very young learners

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۶
Children need to start learning English from a very young age in this fast globalizing world. The knowledge of the English language can assist in providing several opportunities for them in the future. It is also essential to know how very young children acquire a foreign language and which content and activities should be selected for their age. This study aimed to observe and describe the procedure of the language development of very young children. Researchers employed a descriptive case study design to portray and assess foreign language learning of two three-year-old twins’ grammar acquisition, vocabulary gains, and fluency in the early years of life (3-4/5). Besides the methods firmly associated with qualitative study and case studies, there were four sources of data collection: observation, audio-video recordings, and diary records. The central unit of the twins’ language development analysis was their utterances. The findings supported using a naturalistic environment where very young children could be exposed to the English language informally in everyday contexts and activities. This research can share its findings with education communities and very young children’s teachers to promote a new professional development model for fostering language development in very young learners’ classrooms, assessments, and curricula.
۶.

A Comparative Analysis of the Perceived Effects of Interactionist and Interventionist Dynamic Assessment Models in the Improvement of Speaking Subskills Among Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: dynamic assessment speaking accuracy fluency Complexity Qualitative EFL

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰
Dynamic assessment offers a holistic approach to evaluation by embedding assessment within instruction. Despite evidence suggesting the effectiveness of DA in language classrooms, there remains a reluctance among teachers to adopt DA practices. This reluctance stems from a lack of understanding of how DA models impact specific learning outcomes, particularly in speaking skills. One main contributing factor is the dominance of quantitative DA studies, which do not contextualize the differences between DA models. With an inductive thematic analysis design, this study explored the perceived effects of interactionist and interventionist DA models on speaking accuracy, fluency, and complexity among Iranian EFL students. Thirty undergraduate intermediate EFL learners from Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, were recruited through purposive sampling. Each participant had received one hundred hours of speaking lessons with one of the DA models embedded before participating in a semi-structured interview. The analysis of participants' perceptions and reflections revealed that both DA models were well-received for improving speaking skills but had different effects on subskills. Learners perceived the interactionist model as an effective teaching method that improved their speaking accuracy and complexity but reduced fluency, while the interventionist model favored fluency at the expense of grammatical accuracy and complexity.
۷.

تغییر دیدگاه و تفکر انتقادی در داستانﻫای مکتوب دانشجویان ایرانی به زبان انگلیسی: گامی به سوی آموزش انتقادی زبان انگلیسی برای اهداف دانشگاهی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: تفکر انتقادی داستان اول شخص داستان سوم شخص دیدگاه زبان انگلیسی برای اهداف دانشگاهی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۰۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۲
این پژوهش به بررسی تغییر دیدگاه در روایت و نگارش انتقادی دانشجویان ایرانی دوره های انگلیسی برای اهداف دانشگاهی به زبان انگلیسی، به عنوان زبان خارجی پرداخته است. 60 نفر (30 زن و 30 مرد) از دانشجویان کارشناسی رشته روان شناسی دردسترس را انتخاب و به طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایشی « داستان اول شخص » و « خلاصه داستان سوم شخص » ﺘﻘﺴیم کردیم. ابتدا، تفکر انتقادی مشارکت کنندگان را با آزمون واتسون و گلیزر فرم الف ( 1980 ) ارزیابی کردیم. مقایﺴه نمرات ﭙیش آزمون ازطریق آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که بین تفکر انتقادی دو گروه، تفاوت ﻤﻌﻧاداری نبود. سپس، داستان کوتاه « ﭘرواﻨﻪﻫا » ( Grace, 1987 ) را به مشارکت کنندگان دادیم. گروه داستان اول شخص با تغییر دیدگاه داستان، آن را از زاویه دید اول شخص نوشتند، ولی مشارکت کنندگان گروه خلاصه داستان سوم شخص، همان داستان را از دیدگاه سوم شخص نگاشتند. از طبقه بندی انواع نوشتار انتقادی هاتن و اسمیت ( 1995 ) برای تحلیل محتوایی 60 روایت به دست آمده از گروه ها استفاده کردیم. براساس نتایج آزمون u Mann-Whitney ، تفاوت معناداری بین طول و تعداد جمله واره های نوشتار توصیفی و تأمل دوگفتاره در داستانﻫای اول شخص نسبت به تعداد نظایرشان در داستان های سوم شخص وجود داشت، اما تفاوت ﻤﻌﻧاداری بین تعداد جمله واره های تأمل توصیفی و تأمل انتقادی نبود. منطق گفت و گویی داستان ها به ترتیب از بیشترین به کم ترین عبارت بود از نوشتار توصیفی، تأمل توصیفی، تأمل دوگفتاره و تأمل انتقادی. بررسی کیفی داستان ها، چندصدایی آن ها را نشان داد. درنتیجه، روش تحلیل محتوایی داده ها ثابت کرد که تغییر دیدگاه بر ابراز دیدگاه های مشارکت کنندگان، تأمل در توصیف و دوگفتارگی نوشته هایشان افزود که درراستای هدف این پژوهش یعنی تقویت نگارش انتقادی در دوره های زبان انگلیسی برای اهداف دانشگاهی است.
۸.

به کارگیری تفکر انتقادی در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به کودکان خردسال: مطالعه موردی بردو کودک سه ساله دوقلو(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: تفکر انتقادی یادگیری اولیه زبان خارجی مهارت های تفکر

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۳
امروزه علاوه بر یادگیری زبان دوم/خارجی، برنامه های آموزشی و درسی که مهارت های تفکر را ارتقا می بخشند، می توانند برای کودکان، جامعه و جهان مفید باشند. این مقاله با هدف بررسی چگونگی استفاده از تفکر انتقادی در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی به کودکان خردسال انجام شد. پژوهشگران برای به تصویر کشیدن پیشرفت مهارت های تفکر انتقادی دو کودک سه ساله دوقلو در حین یادگیری زبان خارجی ، از یک مطالعه کیفی موردی توصیفی در مدت یکسال و نیم استفاده کردند. بر طبق تحلیل محتوای کیفی در این تحقیق، قصه گویی و گفت وگو و تعامل بین کودکان و مادر آن ها، دو محور اصلی در بهره گیری از تفکر انتقادی در آموزش زبان انگلیسی به این دو کودک خردسال بودند. بررسی کیفی یافته ها نشان داد که اصول آموزش و یادگیری مبتنی بر نظریه اجتماعی- فرهنگی ویگوتسکی می تواند حتی برای زبان آموزان خردسال مفید و قابل اجرا باشد. با فراهم کردن محیط آموزشی غنی از حمایت و میانجی گری مناسب بزرگسالان ماهر و با ایجاد فرصت تعامل معنادار با افراد پیرامون، کودکان می توانند به رشد شناختی بالاتری دست یابند. یافته های پژوهش حاضر می تواند کمک کند تا در تبیین مدل آموزشی جدید، آموزش مهارت های تفکر انتقادی در کلاس های زبان انگلیسی گنجانده شود.
۹.

Implementation of Task-based Collaborative Dialogues in EFL Speaking Classes: Focus on Achievements and Perceptions(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Collaborative dialogue Speaking Skill task-based language teaching

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۰
Collaborative dialogue (CD) in developing L2 skills known as ‘knowledge-building dialogue’, in spite of its momentum in foreign language acquisition, has rarely been conjoined and empirically investigated with a Task-based approach. To this end, the present research was conducted with a two-fold aim: firstly, investigating the effect of task-based collaborative dialogue on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ speaking ability, and secondly, exploring teachers’ and learners’ perceptions of the exercised treatment process. The participants of the study consisted of 100 Iranian B.A. TEFL and Translation Studies students were identified as relatively homogeneous with regard to their language proficiency through administering Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and ten Iranian EFL teachers. The experimental group was exposed to task-based collaborative dialogues, while the control group experienced conventional mainstream teaching the speaking skill. Upon completing the treatment, CD questionnaires were administered to the experimental group of learners and teachers to investigate their perceptions of implementing CDs in speaking classes. Subsequently, the teachers and 12 students from the experimental group attended the semi-structured interview sessions to explore their views regarding the efficiency of task-based CDs. The findings indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control one regarding speaking skill. The results of the questionnaires and the semi-structured interviews complemented each other and indicated that the teachers and the learners adopted positive views toward applying the task-based CD. The findings offer some implications for the stakeholders, including material developers, EFL learners, and teachers, to incorporate task-based collaborative dialogues in second language education.
۱۰.

آموزش «انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه» گامی برای توانمندسازی آرشیوداران: بررسی تأثیر استفاده از برنامه های چندرسانه ای بر مهارت خواندن، دانش واژگان، و رفتارهای خودتنظیمی آرشیوداران ایرانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: آموزش آرشیوداران انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه برای آرشیو برنامه های چندرسانه ای درک مطلب دانش واژگان رفتارهای خود تنظیمی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۴
هدف: بررسی تأثیر به کارگیری برنامه های چندرسانه ای بر توانایی خواندن و دانش واژگان آرشیوداران ایرانی و یادگیری خودتنظیمی آن ها در دوره آموزش «انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه» آرشیو. روش/رویکرد پژوهش: این پژوهش با استفاده از روش تحقیق ترکیبی انجام شد و داده ها در بخش کمّی ازطریق پرسش نامه خودتنظیمی، پیش آزمون ها و پس آزمون های درک مطلب و واژگان و در بخش کیفی ازطریق برگزاری جلسات یادآوری خودالقایی گردآوری شدند. چهل وهشت آرشیودار ایرانی شاغل در سازمان اسناد و کتاب خانه ملی ایران در این پژوهش شرکت کردند و با استفاده از نمونه برداری کافی، به دو گروه کنترل و آزمایشی تقسیم شدند. دو روش تکلیف محور و تکلیف محور+چندرسانه ای به مدت ده جلسه به کار گرفته شد تا اثرات استفاده از رویکرد چندرسانه ای بررسی شود. یافته ها و نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل نشان داد که استفاده از رویکرد چندرسانه ای به طور قابل ملاحظه ای باعث پیشرفت توانایی خواندن و یادگیری واژگان، و هم چنین افزایش خودتنظیمی شرکت کنندگان شده است. بررسی هشت فاکتور مؤثر بر خودتنظیمی مشخص کرد که « راهبردهای تکلیف » پرکاربردترین و « خود-تقویتی » کم کاربردترین رفتارهای خودتنظیمی در میان شرکت کنندگان بوده است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که به کارگیری روش های تدریس و ابزارهای آموزشی که می توانند پاسخگوی نیازهای ویژه زبان آموزان در محیط کار باشند و باعث فعال سازی رفتارهای خودتنظیمی شوند به پیشرفت یادگیری و مهارت آموزی زبان انگلیسی منجر خواهند شد.
۱۱.

Jigsaw and Dictogloss Tasks: Do They Facilitate the Development of Speech Acts?

کلیدواژه‌ها: |Dictogloss tasks|jigsaw tasks|movie - based instruction|pragmatic competence|speech acts

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸۰
Speech acts have a decisive role in enabling EFL learners to communicate successfully. This study compared the efficacy of jigsaw and dictogloss tasks in learning speech act by 47 pre-intermediate adolescent EFL learners. The participants were selected based on convenience sampling and were homogenized based on the results of a PET. Discourse- completion task (DCT) was employed as the pre and post-tests. The result of the DCT pre-test showed that the participants were not familiar with the target speech acts. Twenty 3-minute vignettes taken from different films were employed as the medium of instruction. After the treatment, the participants sat for another DCT. The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding knowledge of speech acts. However, the results of the paired samples t-test conducted to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups’ DCT pre and post-tests. The study revealed that task type did not have a crucial role in learning speech acts; however, it encouraged the use of films for teaching speech acts.
۱۲.

Interactionist and Interventionist Dynamic Assessment Approaches to Teaching Argumentative Writing: Do Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency Develop?(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Feedback Mediation teaching writing writing proficiency EFL Teachers

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۹
Complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) are measures of language proficiency in productive skills. This study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-post-test design explored whether Dynamic Assessment (DA) procedures enhances EFL teachers' writing CAF. Three 22-member groups of homogeneous teachers were randomly assigned to one control group (Non-DA), an interactionist DA group (IA-DAG), and an interventionist DA group (IV-DAG). After the nine-session treatment, the study groups took a writing post-test. A one-way ANOVA test showed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group, although no significant differences were found between DA groups. Besides, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups' writing complexity. Considering accuracy, IA-DAG outperformed Non-DAG whereas no significant differences were observed between the experimental groups and between IV-DAG and Non-DAG. Fluency measures showed the superiority of DA groups to the control group. The first conclusion was that DA processes have a decisive role in improving writing skills and the CAF triad. Second, CAF components do not develop in a linear process, and employing DA procedures can be useful for its improvement. The paper has implications for language teachers and SLA researchers.
۱۳.

Process Writing and Enhancement of Critical Thinking Ability: Is Writing a Vehicle or an Ingredient of Critical Thinking?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Critical thinking Critical Writing Process Writing Thinking Skills Writing skills

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۲۳ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۹
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between process writing (PW) and critical thinking (CT) ability of Iranian EFL learners. Furthermore, the role of PW in the enhancement of CT was investigated. In so doing, 65 upper-intermediate language learners were selected from Rasht Islamic Azad University based on convenience sampling. The results of the pretests indicated that participants were homogeneous regarding language proficiency as determined by Babel test, CT by Watson-Glaser critical thinking appraisal (W-GCTA), and writing ability by a writing test. By implementing a quasi-experimental design, the participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a step-by-step process of teaching CT and utilized CT skills in developing an essay. The control group, in contrast, merely practiced PW. After applying the non-parametric Spearman rank-order correlation, the results revealed that there was a significant correlation between PW and CT ( rs =.632, p <.05). The results of the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test substantiated that there was a significant difference in CT ability of control and experimental groups ( U =.000, p <.05), revealing that PW is a vehicle of CT, not an ingredient.
۱۴.

ارتباط اتخاذ دیدگاه با دوزبانگی و جنسیت(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: اتخاذ دیدگاه برتری افراد دوزبانه برتری های شناختی تفاوت های جنسیتی دوزبانگی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸۵
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی ارتباط اتخاذ دیدگاه با دوزبانگی و نیز مطالعه تفاوت های جنسیتی در اتخاذ دیدگاه است. تعداد 100 نفر دوزبانه و 100 نفر یک زبانه متناظر (از نظر سن، جنسیت و سطح اجتماعی) به صورت داوطلبانه در این پژوهش شرکت کردند. تشخیص دوزبانگی یا یک زبانگی افراد با استفاده از برگه خودارزیابی زبان صورت گرفت. برای جمع آوری داده ها، ترجمه فارسی بخش اتخاذ دیدگاه از پرسشنامه شاخص واکنش بین فردی (Davis, 1983) شامل سؤالاتی از نوع لیکرت با امتیاز مثبت و منفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای مقایسه اتخاذ دیدگاه گروه یک زبانه و گروه دوزبانه و همچنین، برای مقایسه تفاوت های جنسیتی در اتخاذ دیدگاه، از دو آزمون تی به صورت جداگانه استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که اتخاذ دیدگاه در گروه دوزبانه بالاتر از گروه یک زبانه و میان زنان بالاتر از مردان است.
۱۵.

تاثیر ابزارهای میانجی برمیزان پیشرفت مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموزان با تکیه بر روانی متن(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: میانجی گری آموزش غیر همزمان رایانه ای همکوشی روانی متن سازواره مصنوع آموزش یاربست محور عملکرد نوشتاری

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۲۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۱
برای بهبود یادگیری توجه به محیط آموزشی رویکردی نوین در آموزش زبان محسوب می شود. این پژوهش می کوشد تاثیر سه محیط آموزشی را بر پیشرفت مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموزان از منظر روانی متن بررسی کند. پژوهشگران، چهار گروه آموزشی نوشتاری طراحی کردند؛ سه گروه تجربی ( گروه رو در روی دو نفری 21 نفر، گروه غیر همزمان رایانه ای 20 نفر و گروه رو در روی فردی 26 نفر) و یک گروه شاهد 16 نفر. بر اساس نمرات آزمون تعیین سطح آکسفورد 83 نفر در این تحقیق شرکت کردند. گروه های تجربی، در معرض آموزش مهارت نوشتن بر اساس شیوه داربست-محور قرار گرفتند.نتایج حاصل از روش تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه موید موفقیت گروه آزمایشی رو در روی دو نفره در پیشرفت مهارت نوشتاری از نظر روانی متن در مقایسه با سایر گروهها بود که نشانگر اهمیت رویکرد همکوشی است. بنابراین شایسته است معلمان با اتخاذ رویکرد همکوشی برای افزایش مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموزان برنامه ریزی کنند و برای تغییر شرایط در جهت ارتقاء بهره مندی مناسب در راستای اهداف آموزشی از کارهای گروهی استفاده نمایند.
۱۶.

Critical Thinking in Personal Narrative and Reflective Journal Writings by In-service EFL Teachers in Iran: Assessment of Reflective Writing(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۳۷۴
Recently, there is a need for fostering the critical reflective side of L2 teacher education. This study investigated the implications of personal narrative (PN) and reflective journal (RJ) writing for Iranian EFL teachers’ reflective writing. Sixty (36 women and 24 men) in-service secondary school EFL teachers were selected based on the convenience sampling from Iran. L2 teachers equally divided into PN and RJ writing groups were provided with particular short stories. L2 teachers in the PN writing group engendered PN writings in response to themes of stories; however, L2 teachers in the RJ writing group had to write their reflections on stories in RJ writings. Hatton and Smith’s (1995) framework was used for the content analysis of data. The quantitative analysis indicated that PN writings were lengthier than RJ writings. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between mean ranks of descriptive and critical reflection writing types signified in PN and RJ writings. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between mean ranks of descriptive reflection and dialogic reflection writing types. Moreover, PN and RJ writings were more descriptive, less descriptive reflective, less and less dialogic reflective, and still less critical reflective. The qualitative analysis revealed that EFL teachers’ PN and RJ writings enjoyed dialogicity. Despite their unwillingness to express voice, findings indicated that Iranian English teachers adopted a more critical perspective through generating PN writings than via engendering RJ writings. In general, the English language teacher education domain in Iran needs a thinking renewal to foster critical L2 teaching.
۱۷.

How Attitude, Self-efficacy, and Job Satisfaction Relate with Teaching Strategies? رابطه نگرش، خودکارآمدی و رضایت شغلی با راهکارهای تدریس معلمان شهر تهران(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: رضایت شغلی نگرش خود کارآمدی attitude Job satisfaction معلمان زبان انگلیسی Iranian EFL Teachers راهکارهای تدریس Self-Efficacy strategy use

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳۶
The primary purpose of the present study was to explore whether there was any significant relationship between attitude, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction of Iranian EFL teachers on the one hand, and their choice of teaching strategies. Strategies mostly used by participants of the study with low, mid, and high levels of self-efficacy comprised another purpose of the study. To this end, a questionnaire was developed, piloted, validated, and its reliability was estimated for collecting the required data. Subsequently, based on cluster sampling, 420 male and female teachers from three different educational districts of Tehran responded to the questionnaire. Three separate MANOVAs were run to investigate the effect of teachers’ attitudes on strategies they employed for teaching grammar, vocabulary, and reading. This was followed by the same approach to study the effect of teachers’ self-efficacy and job-satisfaction levels, as well. The results revealed a significant relationship between three factors (attitude, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction) and teachers’ choice of teaching strategies. Moreover, based on the scores obtained from the answers to the questionnaire, participants were classified into three levels of low, mid, and high which corresponded with their degrees of attitude, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. Accordingly, it was shown that high level of attitude, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction strongly affected teachers’ use of vocabulary teaching strategies; mid to high level of attitude and efficacy affected use of reading and grammar strategies. Also, it appeared that strategies for teaching vocabulary are used more frequently among teachers than grammar and reading.
۲۰.

The Primacy of Teacher Imperative Commentaries in the Improvement of Iranian English Majors’ Writing Ability(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Imperative Comments Multiple-draft Writing Class Questions as Comments Statement as Comments Teacher Written Commentary

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۶۵ تعداد دانلود : ۵۸۹
In this study, the researchers investigated a critical aspect of EFL/ESL writing pedagogy-the impact of teacher written commentary on student writer’s earlier drafts. Compositions of 80 Iranian undergraduate English majors were commented on using a trio of imperatives, statements, and questions on both content and form. Overall, the results indicated that the comments in the imperative form helped students improve their EFL/ESL writing ability more than the other two types. However, the difference between statements and questions was found not to be significant. The findings of this study, once again, emphasized the need for EFL/ESL writing instructors to communicate to learners with appropriate types of written comments. Moreover, employing imperative sentences can orient student writers towards a more accurate (i.e. form-focused) and appropriate (i.e. content-focused) composition writing.

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