درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Many parts of the world are affected by unusual events, natural disasters and incidents that aim for people’s life, property, and comfort and threaten their life and survival. Crises cause abundant and sometimes irreparable damages to countries and people along with adverse effects on social indexes.  Therefore, identifying, appropriate planning, and optimal Resilient crisis management are of the highest priorities in various countries. Due to its great destruction power, expansion of the destruction area, lack of the possibility of predicting the occurrence time, continued losses and threats in the form of aftershocks, extensive injuries, and numerous problems in disaster relief, considering the destruction of the infrastructural installations and essential arteries, earthquake is a very important factor in crisis management. Meanwhile, based on the existing information 69% of Iran’s surface is affected by active faults and is considered to be one of the countries prone to having earthquakes. Besides, the general weakness of structures has caused extensive casualties in disasters. In these situations control and managing crisis especially earthquakes are of extreme importance in the field of recognition, prediction and preparation before the occurrence, planning, control and guidance after the occurrence.  Obviously, achieving this aim requires rapid and simple access to correct and updated information and complicated analysis carried out by specialists and managers. On the other hand, more than 80% of the required information in crises is spatial-natured and earth-referenced. Applying GIS and related technologies can be of considerable help in collection, storage, classification and analysis of related spatial and descriptive data; and play a determining role in identifying and direct application in both prediction and prevention, and direct dealing with events.  In this article, we will study the role of GIS In planning urban Resilient and promotion helping dominate crises and their proper management, in order to reduce financial losses and injuries. Besides we try to examine the methods to identify and classify historical and worn structures with the aim of planning and priority setting of seismic improvements and retrofitting buildings against earthquakes. Given the fact that the greatest concentration of resilience in crises is on improving the city's cultural, social, economic, physical and organizational dimensions, the use of the capabilities of the GIS system is very useful given the rich information layers.